Поняття та особливості зміни підстави позову в цивільному судочинств

Pul, S.I. (2015), “The concept and features of changing the reason of a claim in civil proceedings”, [“Poniattia ta osoblyvosti zminy pidstavy pozovu v tsyvilnomu sudochynstvi”], Visnyk Kharkivskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav, No. 2, pp. 226-234.Пуль, С.И. Поняття та особливості зміни підстави позову в цивільному судочинстві // Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ. - 2015. - № 2 (69). - С. 226-234.Визначено і проаналізовано поняття, а також наведено особливості зміни підстави позову в цивільному судочинстві. З’ясовано, що зміна підстави позову є можливою, якщо у процесі розгляду справи встановлюється невідповідність між фактами, що обґрунтовують позов, і обставинами, за якими така вимога може бути задоволена. Визначено особливості заміни та уточнення підстави позову.The concept of changing the reason of a claim in civil proceedings is defined and analyzed; its features are presented. It is proved that one of the signs of dispositive principle in civil proceedings is that the parties freely dispose granted to them procedural rights, with the assistance of which they can influence the process. Thus, the plaintiff has the right to increase or decrease the size of the claim, reject the claim, change the reason or the object of the claim. In turn, the defendant can acknowledge the claim fully or in part, or apply a counter-claim. The parties also have the right to enter into a settlement agreement. These rights of the parties arise from the general discretionary rule that each person who applied for a judicial protection may manage requirements at his/her own discretion, without violating the rights and legitimate interests of others. Taking into account the above stated, solving theoretical and practical aspects of the issue of changing the claim, its elements, namely the reason, is one of the most urgent in the science of civil procedure because further development of civil procedure is associated with the expansion of discretionary foundations. It is found out that under changing the reason of the claim we should understand the change of its actual part that is the actual reason. At the same time changing the legal basis of the claim does not cause the change of the claim, but its replacement with another claim because of the violation under such replacement of the inner identity of the first. In general the change of the bases of the claim is possible if in the process of the case we establish discrepancy between the facts that ground the claim and the circumstances under which such a requirement may be satisfied, and thus, changing the reason of the claim means that instead of legal facts, which ground the claim, new facts are set out. As soon as under the specification of the claim’s reason we refer to its addition with legal facts (i.e. increase) or exclusion of some from the facts stated by the plaintiff in the beginning (i.e. reduction), then this kind of change of the reason of the claim can be defined as quantitative. Unlike the specification the change of the original reason of the claim by another reason means its quality change, which is possible only in the claims with alternative basis.Определено и проанализировано понятие, а также приведены особенности изменения основания иска в гражданском судопроизводстве. Установлено, что изменение основания иска возможно, если в процессе рассмотрения дела устанавливается несоответствие между фактами, обосновывающими иск, и обстоятельствами, по которым такое требование может быть удовлетворено. Определены особенности замены и уточнения основания иска

Особливості класифікації позовів у цивільному судочинстві

Пуль, С. І. Особливості класифікації позовів у цивільному судочинстві / С. І. Пуль // Право і безпека. - 2015. - № 4 (59). - С. 126-132.Pul, S.I. (2015), “Features of the complains’ classification in civil proceedings” [“Osoblyvosti klasyfikatsii pozoviv u tsyvilnomu sudochynstvi”], Pravo i Bezpeka, No. 4, pp. 1 26–132.З’ясовано особливості класифікації позовів у цивільному судочинстві. Проаналізовано різні ознаки такої класифікації. Визначено, що класифікація позовів можлива за матеріально-правовою і процесуально-правовою ознаками. Стверджується, що за матеріально-правовою ознакою класифікація позовів відповідає галузі права. Досліджено, що залежно від мети захисту суб’єктивного права або законного інтересу розрізняють позови: про присудження, про визнання, перетворювальні. Виділено також такі ознаки для класифікації: характер посягання на суб’єктивні права і законні інтереси суб’єктів матеріальних правовідносин; орган, правомочний розглядати і вирішувати цивільні та адміністративні позови; суб’єктний склад.The features of the classification of complains in civil proceedings have been clarified in the article. Various features of this classification have been analyzed. It is determined that the classification of complains is possible according to material and legal, procedural and legal features. It is alleged that classification of complains according to material and legal feature corresponds to the branch of law. It is studied that depending on the purpose of the protection of the subjective right or legitimate interest we distinguish complains: about adjudgement, recognition, transforming ones. The following features for the classification have been also outlined: the nature of infringement on substantive rights and legitimate interests of the subjects of material relations; the authority competent to hear and determine civil and administrative complains; subject composition. It is concluded that the complains about adjudgement are the lawsuits, where the object is characterized by such means of protection that are always associated with the voluntary or forced execution of the defendant’s obligation confirmed by the court. Complains about recognition are lawsuits, where the object is characterized by means of protection associated with the statement of the presence or absence of disputed rights or legitimate interests, i.e., the disputed material legal relation. Transforming complains are lawsuits, where the object is characterized by such means as defense, modification or termination ofthe disputed legal relation, that is, its transformation. It is noted that none of the classifications can not be comprehensive, complete, completed, because absolutely sharp dividing lines are not compatible with the theory of development and cognition. With the development and deepening of the knowledge classifications are changed, supplemented and sometimes replaced by new, more accurate ones.Выяснены особенности классификации исков в гражданском судопроизводстве. Проанализированы различные признаки такой классификации. Определено, что классификация исков возможна по материально-правовому и процессуально-правовому признакам. Утверждается, что по материально-правовому признаку классификация исков соответствует отрасли права. Исследовано, что в зависимости от цели защиты субъективного права или законного интереса различают иски: о присуждении, о признании, преобразовательные. Выделены также следующие признаки для классификации: характер посягательства на субъективные права и законные интересы субъектов материальных правоотношений; орган, правомочный рассматривать и разрешать гражданские и административные иски; субъектный состав

Особливості зміни предмету позову у цивільному судочинстві

Пуль, С. І. Особливості зміни предмету позову у цивільному судочинстві [Електронний ресурс] / С. І. Пуль // Форум права. – 2014. – № 4. – С. 286–292. – Режим доступу: http://nbuv.gov.ua/j-pdf/FP_index.htm_2014_4_51.pdf.Пуль С. І. "Особливості зміни предмету позову у цивільному судочинстві." Форум права 4 (2014): 286–292.Досліджено особливості зміни предмету позову у цивільному судочинстві. Автор доводить, що під зміною предмета позову розуміється зміна способу (способів) захисту права або законного інтересу, яка можлива у двох формах (різновидах): заміною одного способу захисту права (інтересу) іншим (якісна зміна предмета позову) і через уточнення способу (способів) захисту права або інтересу (кількісна зміна предмета позову).This paper investigates the features change the subject of the claim in civil proceedings. The author argues that in changing the subject of the claim refers to the change process (methods) protect the rights or legitimate interest, which is available in two forms (species): the replacement of one method of protecting rights (interest) other (qualitative change in the subject of the claim) and after refinement process (methods) protect and defend the rights or interest (quantitative change of the subject of the claim).Исследованы особенности изменения предмета иска в гражданском судопроизводстве. Автор доказывает, что под изменением предмета иска понимается изменение способа (способов) защиты права или законного интереса, которая возможна в двух формах (разновидностях): заменой одного способа защиты права (интереса) другим (качественное изменение предмета иска) и через уточнение способа (способов) защиты права или интереса (количественное изменение предмета иска)

Development of a monolithic-like precast beam-column moment connection: Experimental and analytical investigation

This study aims to develop a novel monolithic-like precast beam-column connection for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The proposed connection system has several advantages such as rapid assembly and disassembly, reusability, and replaceability if damaged during an earthquake event. An experimental investigation was first carried out to determine the seismic performance of the proposed connections. In total, six full-scale precast and monolithic T-shape beam-column connection specimens with different reinforcement ratios, specimen dimensions and detailing were tested under displacement controlled cyclic loading, while the axial load on the column was kept constant. The cyclic behaviour, curvature distribution, failure mode, energy dissipation capacity and ductility of the specimens were obtained using the experimental outputs. Detailed non-linear finite element (FE) models were then developed using ABAQUS. It is shown that the FE models can accurately predict the overall performance of the precast connections in terms of initial stiffness, lateral load-bearing capacity and post-peak behaviour. The results indicate that, in general, the precast connections exhibited considerably higher (up to 34%) ductility and ultimate drift ratio (deformability) compared to similar monolithic connections. For the same drift ratio, monolithic connections exhibited slightly higher (on average 10%) energy dissipation capacity, while the precast connections generally dissipated higher energy at their ultimate point (post-peak lateral drift corresponding to 15% loss in lateral strength). It is demonstrated that the monolithic-like precast connections can satisfy the ACI 318-14 acceptance criteria, while they also sustain the ASCE 41-17 Collapse Prevention (CP) limits. Therefore, the proposed connection system is considered to be suitable for RC structures in seismic regions

Effect of mix design on restrained shrinkage of concrete

The impetus for this research came from a project that involved the reconstruction of Twelve bridge decks in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, IRAN that was completed in the summer of 2009. Shortly after construction was completed, shrinkage cracks were observed on 8 of the 12 bridge decks. Such cracking can cause long term durability problems by facilitating chemical ingress and moisture penetration that may aggravate problems such as alkali-silica reaction and corrosion of the reinforcing steel [1]. Shrinkage cracks can also increase deterioration caused by cyclic loadings. Any of these problems can decrease the service life of a bridge deck [1]. The mixture used in the bridge decks had a w/c+p ratio of 0.33 and contained 26.2% fly ash (Class F). Although the mixture was not intended to be a high performance concrete (HPC) mixture, it did have characteristics similar to HPC mixtures. As the use of HPC becomes more common, studies on the effect of pozzolanic materials and the ability of admixtures to reduce concrete shrinkage are needed to ensure durability of the structures. This paper presents results from an experimental study conducted to determine how certain mixture proportion parameters influence concrete shrinkage. In particular, the free shrinkage of concrete mixtures with varying amounts of fly ash, shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA), expansive cement, and fibers were studied

FlexEvent:going beyond Case-Centric Exploration and Analysis of Multivariate Event Sequences

In many domains, multivariate event sequence data is collected focused around an entity (the case). Typically, each event has multiple attributes, for example, in healthcare a patient has events such as hospitalization, medication, and surgery. In addition to the multivariate events, also the case (a specific attribute, e.g., patient) has associated multivariate data (e.g., age, gender, weight). Current work typically only visualizes one attribute per event (label) in the event sequences. As a consequence, events can only be explored from a predefined case-centric perspective. However, to find complex relations from multiple perspectives (e.g., from different case definitions, such as doctor), users also need an event- and attribute-centric perspective. In addition, support is needed to effortlessly switch between and within perspectives. To support such a rich exploration, we present FlexEvent: an exploration and analysis method that enables investigation beyond a fixed case-centric perspective. Based on an adaptation of existing visualization techniques, such as scatterplots and juxtaposed small multiples, we enable flexible switching between different perspectives to explore the multivariate event sequence data needed to answer multi-perspective hypotheses. We evaluated FlexEvent with three domain experts in two use cases with sleep disorder and neonatal ICU data that show our method facilitates experts in exploring and analyzing real-world multivariate sequence data from different perspectives

Characterising the motion and cardiorespiratory interaction of preterm infants can improve the classification of their sleep state

Aim This study aimed to classify quiet sleep, active sleep and wake states in preterm infants by analysing cardiorespiratory signals obtained from routine patient monitors. Methods We studied eight preterm infants, with an average postmenstrual age of 32.3 ± 2.4 weeks, in a neonatal intensive care unit in the Netherlands. Electrocardiography and chest impedance respiratory signals were recorded. After filtering and R-peak detection, cardiorespiratory features and motion and cardiorespiratory interaction features were extracted, based on previous research. An extremely randomised trees algorithm was used for classification and performance was evaluated using leave-one-patient-out cross-validation and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results A sleep expert annotated 4731 30-second epochs (39.4 h) and active sleep, quiet sleep and wake accounted for 73.3%, 12.6% and 14.1% respectively. Using all features, and the extremely randomised trees algorithm, the binary discrimination between active and quiet sleep was better than between other states. Incorporating motion and cardiorespiratory interaction features improved the classification of all sleep states (kappa 0.38 ± 0.09) than analyses without these features (kappa 0.31 ± 0.11). Conclusion Cardiorespiratory interactions contributed to detecting quiet sleep and motion features contributed to detecting wake states. This combination improved the automated classifications of sleep states

Structural basis for CRISPR RNA-guided DNA recognition by Cascade

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) immune system in prokaryotes uses small guide RNAs to neutralize invading viruses and plasmids. In Escherichia coli, immunity depends on a ribonucleoprotein complex called Cascade. Here we present the composition and low-resolution structure of Cascade and show how it recognizes double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) targets in a sequence-specific manner. Cascade is a 405-kDa complex comprising five functionally essential CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins (CasA1B2C6D1E1) and a 61-nucleotide CRISPR RNA (crRNA) with 5′-hydroxyl and 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate termini. The crRNA guides Cascade to dsDNA target sequences by forming base pairs with the complementary DNA strand while displacing the noncomplementary strand to form an R-loop. Cascade recognizes target DNA without consuming ATP, which suggests that continuous invader DNA surveillance takes place without energy investment. The structure of Cascade shows an unusual seahorse shape that undergoes conformational changes when it binds target DNA.

Fractional anisotropy in white matter tracts of very-low-birth-weight infants

Background: Advances in neonatal intensive care have not yet reduced the high incidence of neurodevelopmental disability among very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. As neurological deficits are related to white-matter injury, early detection is important. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could be an excellent tool for assessment of white-matter injury. Objective: To provide DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) reference values for white-matter tracts of VLBW infants for clinical use. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed DTI images of 28 VLBW infants (26-32 weeks gestational age) without evidence of white-matter abnormalities on conventional MRI sequences, and normal developmental outcome (assessed at age 1-3 years). For DTI an echoplanar sequence with diffusion gradient (b = 1,000 s/mm2) applied in 25 non-collinear directions was used. We measured FA and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of different white-matter tracts in the first 4 days of life. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between gestational age and FA of the posterior limb of the internal capsule in VLBW infants (r = 0.495, P<0.01). Conclusion: Values of FA and ADC were measured in white-matter tracts of VLBW infants. FA of the pyramidal tracts measured in the first few days after birth is related to gestational age