Caracterização e tratamento de efluentes resultantes da actividade de produção de queijo

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Engenharia SanitáriaA sustentabilidade ambiental das actividades agro-industriais, nomeadamente da indústria de produção de queijo, constitui uma preocupação fundamental da gestão integrada deste sector, tendo em conta os impactes ambientais que lhe estão associados e os requisitos de qualidade em vigor. Para assegurar maior sustentabilidade nos padrões de produção é fundamental estabelecer novas formas de gestão dos efluentes líquidos gerados por esta indústria, através da aplicação de tecnologias de tratamento, da reutilização do efluente tratado e da valorização do lacto-soro , tendo sempre a preocupação de considerar a viabilidade financeira da sua implementação. O presente caso de estudo aborda o tratamento conjunto de águas residuais urbanas e de águas residuais de queijarias, reflectindo alguns problemas associados à gestão destes dois tipos de efluentes de forma integrada. O estudo apresenta uma solução de tratamento para as águas residuais produzidas pela população de uma pequena povoação e por dezasseis queijarias em laboração na referida povoação, que consiste no pré-tratamento por digestão aeróbia do efluente industrial e no tratamento conjunto do efluente urbano e do efluente industrial pré-tratado. A solução de tratamento apresentada, tem a vantagem de permitir o tratamento da totalidade dos efluentes produzidos, incluindo o soro de leite, de ser de fácil operação e ser uma opção tecnicamente robusta. Se, no futuro, for efectuada a valorização do lacto-soro, os custos de exploração da instalação, podem decrescer significativamente

Sport in the city: measuring economic significance at the local level

In many cities throughout Europe, sport is increasingly being used as a tool for economic revitalisation. While there has been a growth in literature relating to the specific economic impacts of sports-led development, including professional sport facilities, teams, and sport events, limited research has been undertaken on the contribution of the whole sport sector to output and employment. In the United Kingdom (UK), studies have focused on evaluating sport-related economic activity at the national level, yet despite the increasing use of sport for local economic development little research has been undertaken at the city level. To address this situation, this article uses the National Income Accounting framework to measure the economic importance of sport in Sheffield, UK. It shows that the value-added in 1996/97 was 165.61m or 4.11% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), approximately twice the amount predicted from current national estimates. It is argued that this can primarily be explained by previous studies under-estimating the economic importance of sport, largely due to methodological differences. It goes on to suggest that future research on the significance of sport should be undertaken at the local level to provide policymakers with information at the spatial level where regeneration programmes are being implemented.</p

Correction to: Rewiring of glucose metabolism defines trained immunity induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein

The correct name of the 17th Author is presented in this paper. In the paragraph “Metabolic analysis” of the Method section “an XFp Analyzer” should be changed to “an XFe96 Analyzer”.</p

The role of Toll-like receptor 10 in modulation of trained immunity

Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) is the only member of the human Toll-like receptor family with an inhibitory function on the induction of innate immune responses and inflammation. However, its role in the modulation of trained immunity (innate immune memory) is unknown. In the present study, we assessed whether TLR10 modulates the induction of trained immunity induced by beta-glucan or bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Interleukin 10 receptor antagonist production was increased upon activation of TLR10 ex vivo after BCG vaccination, and TLR10 protein expression on monocytes was increased after BCG vaccination, whereas anti-TLR10 antibodies did not significantly modulate beta-glucan or BCG-induced trained immunity in vitro. A known immunomodulatory TLR10 missense single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs11096957) influenced trained immunity responses by beta-glucan or BCG in vitro. However, the in vivo induction of trained immunity by BCG vaccination was not influenced by TLR10 polymorphisms. In conclusion, TLR10 has a limited, non-essential impact on the induction of trained immunity in humans

Evaluatie van verwerkingsinstallaties voor mest en co-vergiste mest

This final report of the four-year PPS (public-private collaboration) project ‘Meerwaarde Mest en Mineralen 2 (More Value from Manure and Minerals 2): nutrient recovery from manure’ contains the evaluation of five large-scale installations for processing of animal manure or co-digested animal manure (digestate). The different processing techniques of the installations include hygienisation, solid-liquid separation, drying and pressing of the solid fraction and production of mineral concentrate and dischargeable water by means of membrane filtration and ion exchangers or by means of membrane filtration and biological treatment. Based on a performed monitoring of the installations the achieved separation efficiencies, (nutrient) mass balances, processing costs and composition, agronomic and environmental quality of the end products, have been evaluated. Also the environmental gains of processing were calculated via a simplified life cycle assessment (LCA). Moreover, the construction, monitoring and evaluation of an innovative installation which separates the solid fraction of co-digested animal manure into a phosphate (P) fertiliser and an organic low-P soil improver was a central part of the project. Finally, recommendations are given for environmentally beneficial adaptations of manure processing installations in the Netherlands

Performance of a full-scale processing cascade that separates agricultural digestate and its nutrients for agronomic reuse

The application of animal manure on agricultural land in the Netherlands is bound by legal limits to prevent the leaching of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to ground and surface waters. The surplus of animal manure is transported abroad at high costs. In this study, a full-scale cascaded membrane filtration system (GENIUS) comprising two decanter centrifuges, microfiltration (MF) reverse osmosis (RO) and an ion exchanger was monitored. The system processed agricultural digestate from anaerobically co-digested animal manure into two solid fractions (SFs), RO concentrate, MF concentrate and purified water. The goal was to separate P and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) and remove water from the digestate. From the initial digestate, 66% of P was recovered in the first SF, which constituted 15% of the total mass, without the addition of iron or aluminium salts or polymer flocculants. Another 29% of P was recovered in the MF concentrate and used as a liquid organic fertiliser. Of the P in the initial digestate, 98% was removed before RO. For N, 34% ended up in the RO concentrate and this product can be regarded as an alternative for synthetic N fertiliser as it contains N solely in mineral form. Overall, around 18% of the total mass of initial digestate was discharged as purified water and 31% was locally applied in the form of RO concentrate. We found that aqua regia digestion before chemical analysis can decrease the measured S content of processed digestate. Compared to the transport of raw (unprocessed) digestate, the implementation of the GENIUS system led to a 53% reduction in the mass-weighted average transport distance