2 research outputs found
The âAs de NĂźmesâ, a Roman Coin and the Myth of Antony and Cleopatra: Octavian and Agrippa victorious over Antony
Establishment of Augustus authority in partnership with Agrippa, when Rome was evolving from a ârepublicâ into an empire, led to a political propaganda. The four series of the âAsde NĂźmesâ, bronze coins struck under Augustus and Agrippa, commemorate the capture of Egyptand the establishment of veterans in Nemausus (NĂźmes, France). The iconography of this Roman coin is related to the specific history between 28 BC and 14 AD of Octavian and his general Agrippa, who defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium, asexpressed on the reverse, where a crocodile chained to a palm is depicted. Both palm and crocodile symbolize not only the capture of Egypt, but also the defeat of Mark Antony. The palm representsalso the âvictoryâ in a grotesque scene in which his love for Cleopatra converted Antony into aloser. It is then concluded that these coins preserve the memory of Octavianâs victory over theiconic figure of Antony
High Risk of Anal and Rectal Cancer in Patients With Anal and/or Perianal Crohnâs Disease
International audienceBackground & AimsLittle is known about the magnitude of the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with anal and/or perineal Crohnâs disease. We aimed to assess the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with Crohnâs perianal disease followed up in the Cancers Et Surrisque AssociĂ© aux Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales En France (CESAME) cohort.MethodsWe collected data from 19,486 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) enrolled in the observational CESAME study in France, from May 2004 through June 2005; 14.9% of participants had past or current anal and/or perianal Crohnâs disease. Subjects were followed up for a median time of 35 months (interquartile range, 29â40 mo). To identify risk factors for anal cancer in the total CESAME population, we performed a case-control study in which participants were matched for age and sex.ResultsAmong the total IBD population, 8 patients developed anal cancer and 14 patients developed rectal cancer. In the subgroup of 2911 patients with past or current anal and/or perianal Crohnâs lesions at cohort entry, 2 developed anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 3 developed perianal fistulaârelated adenocarcinoma, and 6 developed rectal cancer. The corresponding incidence rates were 0.26 per 1000 patient-years for anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 0.38 per 1000 patient-years for perianal fistulaârelated adenocarcinoma, and 0.77 per 1000 patient-years for rectal cancer. Among the 16,575 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohnâs disease without anal or perianal lesions, the incidence rate of anal cancer was 0.08 per 1000 patient-years and of rectal cancer was 0.21 per 1000 patient-years. Among factors tested by univariate conditional regression (IBD subtype, disease duration, exposure to immune-suppressive therapy, presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions), the presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions at cohort entry was the only factor significantly associated with development of anal cancer (odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.18-551.51; P = .03).ConclusionsIn an analysis of data from the CESAME cohort in France, patients with anal and/or perianal Crohnâs disease have a high risk of anal cancer, including perianal fistulaârelated cancer, and a high risk of rectal cancer