Alcohol and nicotine problem among medical university students in Lublin

Wstęp. Uzależnienie od nikotyny to zespół objawów dotyczących zachowania oraz zaburzenia w procesach poznawczych i fizjologicznych, które są wynikiem długotrwałego przyjmowania nikotyny. W zależności od przyjętej dawki alkoholu możemy zaobserwować różnice w działaniu na organizm człowieka. Cel pracy. Zbadanie stopnia uzależnienia przez ocenę częstości spożywania alkoholu i nikotyny przez studentów Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 540 studentów Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie. Badani odpowiadali na 20 pytań zawartych w anoni­mowym kwestionariuszu. Wyniki. Większość badanych stanowiły kobiety — 70%. W śród ankietowanych studenci farmacji stanowili 55%, studenci kierunku lekarskiego 39%, innych kierunków 6%. Palenie papierosów deklaruje 30% respondentów. Większość, co stanowi 78% ankietowanych, nie uważa się za osobę uzależnioną. Wśród badanych 54% nigdy nie doświadczyła utraty świadomości. Wnioski. Konieczne jest zwrócenie uwagi na problem uzależnienia od alkoholu i nikotyny wśród młodych ludzi. Środki zapobiegawcze powinny być wdrożone jak najwcześniej.Introduction. Nicotine addiction is a behavioral syndrome, cognitive disorders and physiological processes which is the result of long-term use of nicotine. Depending on the dose of the alcohol, we can see the differences in the work of the human body. Aim of the study. Investigate the dependence by evaluating the frequency of alcohol and nicotine use by students of the Medical University in Lublin. Material and methods. The study included 540 students of the Medical University of Lublin. The respondents answered 20 questions in an anony­mous questionnaire. Results. Most of the respondents were women 70%. Pharmacy students surveyed were 55%, medical students was 39%, 6% other faculty. Cigarette smoking declares 30% of respondents. Most, representing 78% of the respondents are not considered as the addict. The majority (54%) have never experienced a loss of consciousness. Conclusions. It is necessary to pay attention to the problem of addiction to alcohol and nicotine among young people. Preventive measures should be started as soon as possible

The importance of adiponectin in the human body

Adipose tissue produces various types of proteins, including adipocytokines, which is why it should be treated as an endocrine organ. Adiponectin is one of the most important adipokines in the human body. We distinguish three factions of adiponectins: low molecular weight (LMW), middle molecular weight (MMW) and high molecular weight (HMW). The purpose of this article is to attempt to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding adiponectin, in particular its role in the human body. Adiponectin significantly influences the metabolism of carbohydrates by stimulating the activity of AMPK and PPAR-α through the AdiopoR1 receptors, which results in an increase in uptake and oxidation of glucose in cells. The literature has repeatedly demonstrated a negative correlation of serum adiponectin concentrations in relation to the BMI index, insulin and triglyceride levels, HOMA-IR and blood pressure. Decreased adiponectin levels have been demonstrated in such diseases as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or in patients after a stroke. The significant effect of this adipocytokine on the reduction of inflammation, lipid metabolism and effect on the vascular endothelium is of key importance in the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation. In conclusion, the correct concentration of adiponectin is important for maintaining proper function of the whole organism. It affects numerous metabolic processes, mainly the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. It has antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to the low concentrations of adiponectin found in patients with chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, there is a need for further research to determine the exact effect of adiponectin on these morbidities

Sun exposure among young people

We are exposed to ultraviolet radiation every day. The amount of absorbed dose depends on the latitude, time of day, season of the year and the content of melanin in the skin. Deficiencies are the cause of many health problems and deterioration of the course of many disease processes. Negative effects on the cardiovascular system, on the formation of tumors or on the development of autoimmune diseases have been confirmed. In daily consumed foods, the dose of vitamin D is about 10% of the daily requirement. Increased physical activity, sunbathing when using radiation protection and oral supplementation allow you to achieve your goals. The level of vitamin D should be monitored regularly. There was a significant deficiency of vitamin D among athletes regardless of the type of sport performed. In addition to the benefits of sun exposure, we also get the risk of developing skin cancer. Risky behavior in the sun, the occurrence of erythema can contribute to the future of serious skin problems associated with cancer. We can prevent them by applying prophylaxis and individually selected sun protection. Education of patients, parents with small children families of patients with diagnosed melanoma and people with skin cancer may have positive effects in the future. Smoking and drinking alcohol have an adverse effect on sunbathing and the risk of sunburn. Planning for a pro-health policy should be based on preventive and public education programs. The increase in skin cancer cases around the world is alarming

The influence of selenium on thyroid gland

The proper functioning of the thyroid gland depends on many factors, which include adequate supply of various trace elements, including iodine, but also selenium or iron. The purpose of this article was to attempt to summarize the current knowledge on the effects of selenium on the thyroid gland and the clinical implications associated with it. Selenium affects the homeostasis of the entire human body, and its main function in the thyroid gland is to counteract damage of oxidative origin. This microelement is part of selenoproteins, which include glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Both selenium deficiency and excess can negatively affect the thyroid gland. The research results show that selenium supplementation may bring benefits in some morbidities, eg Graves-Basedow disease. Currently, I advise recommending semi-annual selenium supplementation in a mild form of thyroid orbitopathy. However, no clinical benefit has been demonstrated in increasing the supply of selenium in the diet of other patients with thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's disease. In conclusion, despite the numerous studies already conducted, further work is necessary to fully explain the mechanisms of action of this element on the thyroid gland, but also to deepen knowledge about the benefits and risks of selenium supplementation in various types of thyroid structural disorders and, most importantly, to establish safe guidelines for possible treatment

Adverse effects of paracetamol

Konopelko Michał, Szafraniec Aneta, Porada Dominik, Pucułek Małgorzata, Przybylska Daria. Adverse effects of paracetamol. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(7):998-1003. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998976 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4901 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.08.2017. Revised: 10.09.2017. Accepted: 10.09.2017. Adverse effects of paracetamol Niepożądane działania paracetamolu Michał Konopelko1, Aneta Szafraniec2,3, Dominik Porada2, Małgorzata Pucułek4, Daria Przybylska1 1 Katedra i Zakład Higieny, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2 Katedra i Klinika Endokrynologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 3 Katedra i Zakład Immunologii Klinicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 4 Anatomii Prawidłowej Człowieka, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Abstract Admission. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most popular medicinal substances in the world, characterized by analgesic and antipyretic properties. This pharmacy is issued without a prescription and can be purchased not only in pharmacies. Easy accessibility and lack of full control over its sales lead to the abuse of paracetamol, creating a risk of side effects. Purpose of work. The aim of the study is to present adverse reactions in paracetamol treatment, with particular emphasis on the risk of hepatotoxicity. Paracetamol (up to 4g / day) may cause nausea, diarrhea, skin lesions and haematological disorders during therapy. The most serious side effect of paracetamol is, however, a hepatotoxic effect that can cause acute liver failure leading to total hepatic necrosis. If paracetamol poisoning is observed (at doses above 8 g / day), antidote treatment should be considered: N-acetylcysteine and liver transplantation. Unfortunately, many times patients die. Summary. The social conviction of low harm of paracetamol and the high availability of preparations containing this substance make the side effects an important aspect of therapy with this drug. Acute poisoning with paracetamol, which often results in liver failure, is an important problem for modern toxicology. Key words: paracetamol, side effects, hepatic insufficiency, N-acetylcysteine Streszczenie Wstęp. Paracetamol (acetaminofen) to jedna z najpopularniejszych na świecie substancji leczniczych charakteryzująca się właściwościami przeciwbólowymi i przeciwgorączkowymi. Farmaceutyk ten wydawany jest bez recepty lekarskiej i można go nabyć nie tylko w aptekach. Łatwa dostępność oraz brak pełnej kontroli nad jego sprzedażą, prowadzą do nadużywania paracetamolu, stwarzając przy tym zagrożenie wystąpienia działań niepożądanych. Cel pracy. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie działań niepożądanych w przebiegu leczenia paracetamolem, ze szczególnym uwzględnienia ryzyka jego hepatotoksyczności. W trakcie terapii dawkami terapeutycznymi paracetamolu ( do 4g/dobę) mogą występować nudności, biegunki, zmiany skórne i zaburzenia hematologiczne. Najpoważniejszym działaniem niepożądanym paracetamolu jest jednak efekt hepatotoksyczny, który może wywołać ostrą niewydolność wątroby prowadzącą do całkowitej martwicy wątroby. W przypadku stwierdzenia zatrucia paracetamolem (przy dawkach powyżej 8g/dobę) należy rozważyć poddanie antidotum: N-acetylocysteina, a także przeszczep wątroby. Niestety niejednokrotnie dochodzi do zgonów pacjentów. Podsumowanie. Społeczne przekonanie o małej szkodliwości paracetamolu oraz duża dostępność preparatów zawierających tą substancję sprawia, że działania niepożądane są istotnym aspektem terapii tym farmaceutykiem. Ostre zatrucia paracetamolem, skutkujące niejednokrotnie niewydolnością wątroby, są istotnym problemem współczesnej toksykologii. Słowa kluczowe: paracetamol, działania niepożądane, niewydolność wątroby, N-acetylocystein

Sun exposure among young people

Przybylska Daria, Konopelko Michał, Przybylski Piotr, Szafraniec Aneta, Porada Dominik. Sun exposure among young people. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1449-1454. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1435381 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6106 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/879117 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 12.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 15.09.2018. Sun exposure among young people Daria Przybylska 1, Michał Konopelko 1, Piotr Przybylski 2, Aneta Szafraniec 3, Dominik Porada 3 Chair and Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin I Department of Medical Radiology, Medical University of Lublin Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin Correspondence: Daria Przybylska, Chair and Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin Tel. +48 81448 6130. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We are exposed to ultraviolet radiation every day. The amount of absorbed dose depends on the latitude, time of day, season of the year and the content of melanin in the skin. Deficiencies are the cause of many health problems and deterioration of the course of many disease processes. Negative effects on the cardiovascular system, on the formation of tumors or on the development of autoimmune diseases have been confirmed. In daily consumed foods, the dose of vitamin D is about 10% of the daily requirement. Increased physical activity, sunbathing when using radiation protection and oral supplementation allow you to achieve your goals. The level of vitamin D should be monitored regularly. There was a significant deficiency of vitamin D among athletes regardless of the type of sport performed. In addition to the benefits of sun exposure, we also get the risk of developing skin cancer. Risky behavior in the sun, the occurrence of erythema can contribute to the future of serious skin problems associated with cancer. We can prevent them by applying prophylaxis and individually selected sun protection. Education of patients, parents with small children families of patients with diagnosed melanoma and people with skin cancer may have positive effects in the future. Smoking and drinking alcohol have an adverse effect on sunbathing and the risk of sunburn. Planning for a pro-health policy should be based on preventive and public education programs. The increase in skin cancer cases around the world is alarming. Key words: ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D, exposure to the sun, skin cancer