5 research outputs found

    Multifunctional opioid-derived hybrids in neuropathic pain : preclinical evidence, ideas and challenges

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    When the first- and second-line therapeutics used to treat neuropathic pain (NP) fail to induce effcient analgesia - which is estimated to relate to more than half of the patients-opioid drugs are prescribed. Still, the pathological changes following the nerve tissue injury, i.a. pronociceptive neuropeptide systems activation, oppose the analgesic effects of opiates, enforcing the use of relatively high therapeutic doses in order to obtain satisfying pain relief. In parallel, the repeated use of opioid agonists is associated with burdensome adverse effects due to compensatory mechanisms that arise thereafter. Rational design of hybrid drugs, in which opioid ligands are combined with other pharmacophores that block the antiopioid action of pronociceptive systems, delivers the opportunity to ameliorate the NP-oriented opioid treatment via addressing neuropathological mechanisms shared both by NP and repeated exposition to opioids. Therewith, the new dually acting drugs, tailored for the specificity of NP, can gain in efficacy under nerve injury conditions and have an improved safety profile as compared to selective opioid agonists. The current review presents the latest ideas on opioid-comprising hybrid drugs designed to treat painful neuropathy, with focus on their biological action, as well as limitations and challenges related to this therapeutic approach

    Podstawowe mechanizmy dzia艂ania przeciwb贸lowego opioid贸w

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    In the 70s of the last century, intensive studies and discoveries have begun concerning the structure and function of endogenous opioids, which are the main endogenous antinociceptive system. This period has resulted in many discoveries that are important for understanding the mechanism of opioid action. Knowl颅edge about the structure and function of endogenous opioid systems, the distribution and function of the three types of opioid receptors, and the changes in these systems in different types of pain have been systematized. These discoveries are the basis for the development of effective search for new drugs with strong analgesic effects and the limited occurrence of side effects and for development a new pain therapy.W latach 70. ubieg艂ego wieku rozpocz臋艂y si臋 intensywne badania i odkrycia dotycz膮ce struktury, budowy i funkcji uk艂ad贸w opioidowych, kt贸re s膮 g艂贸wnym endogennym systemem antynocyceptywnym. Okres ten zaowocowa艂 wieloma odkryciami, kt贸re posiadaj膮 istotne znaczenie dla zrozumienia mechanizmu dzia艂ania lek贸w opioidowych. Usystematyzowano wiedz臋 na temat budowy i czynno艣ci endogennych uk艂ad贸w opioidowych, rozmieszczenia i funkcji trzech typ贸w receptor贸w opioidowych oraz zmian w tych systemach w r贸偶nych rodzajach b贸lu. Odkrycia te stanowi膮 podstaw臋 do opracowania efektywnych dr贸g poszukiwania nowych lek贸w o silnym dzia艂aniu analgetycznym i ograniczonym wyst臋powaniu dzia艂a艅 niepo偶膮danych oraz do opracowania nowych procedur terapii b贸lu. Uzyskana w tych badaniach wiedza na temat uk艂ad贸w opioidowych umo偶liwia badanie mechanizm贸w dzia艂ania opioid贸w, a tak偶e projektowanie nowych lek贸w i nowych sposob贸w terapii b贸lu
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