Lecsicon Cymraeg Bangor Welsh Lexicon

Lecsicon cynhwysfawr o eirffurfiau'r Gymraeg yn seiliedig ar ddata gwirydd sillafu a gramadeg Cysill | A comprehensive lexicon of Welsh-language wordforms based on data from the Cysill spelling and grammar checkerEr ein bod yn rhyddhau'r data hwn o dan drwydded CC0, gofynwn yn garedig i chi ystyried rhoi cydnabyddiaeth i'r gwaith hwn. | While we are releasing this data under the CC0 licence, should you use this resource, we kindly ask you to consider acknowledging our work

Proceedings of the 4th Celtic Language Technology Workshop within LREC2022

These proceedings include the programme and papers presented at the 4th Celtic Language Technology Workshop (CLTW 4), co-located with the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) in Marseille, June 2022. In Classical times, Celtic languages were found across a wide swathe of modern Eurasia. Today, they are spoken in regions of the UK, France and Ireland, as well as in emigrant communities in Argentina and Canada. The modern languages are: Breton, Cornish, Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh. Although the hereditary communities of these languages are small compared to those of most other European languages, they continue to have a vibrant presence in their traditional areas as well as in urban centres. While Irish is the only Celtic language that has official EU language status (since 2007), Welsh, Gaelic and Manx have co-official status. Breton and Cornish also have some limited status in their home regions. That said, all Celtic languages face the same issue in lacking natural language processing (NLP) resources to ensure continued technology support in the digital era. Until recently, the Celtic languages lagged behind in the areas of NLP and applied language technology. Consequently, research and resource provision for this language group was poor. In recent years, however, some Celtic languages have been able to benefit from improved provisions for under-resourced languages in academia and the tech industry. Some now also have dedicated research teams working on language and speech processing technologies and related resources. The CLTW community and workshop, inaugurated at COLING (Dublin) in 2014, provides a forum to help connect these researchers and their associates to one another, to disseminate cutting-edge work and to raise the profile of Celtic language technology, more generally. The accepted papers cover an extremely wide range of topics, including: computer-assisted language learning (CLL); automatic speech recognition (ASR), handwriting recognition; speech synthesis; syntactic parsing; part-of-speech tagging; NLP with mediaeval languages and coreference resolution. We thank our invited speaker, Prof Kevin Scannell of Saint Louis University. We also thank our authors and presenters for their hard work, and workshop attendees for their participation. We are also very grateful to our programme committee for reviewing and providing invaluable feedback on the work published

Describing chronic pain : towards bilingual practice

This paper reports on the findings of a pilot study that collated and categorised a range of Welsh-medium chronic pain descriptors and their conceptually equivalent English translations in order to provide a preliminary basis for chronic pain assessment amongst patients in the bilingual community of North West Wales. The results demonstrate the unique and complex nature of individual pain experiences and the challenges of meaningful interpretation, particularly when patient and practitioner do not share a common preferred language. Detailed analysis of the descriptors provided valuable insight into the patient\u27s world, revealing cultural patterns of beliefs and behaviours as well as the suffering associated with chronic pain. Implications for improving chronic pain assessment amongst bilingual speakers are explored.<br /

Enhancing rigour in the validation of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): bridging linguistic and psychometric testing

Abstract Background A strong consensus exists for a systematic approach to linguistic validation of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and discrete methods for assessing their psychometric properties. Despite the need for robust evidence of the appropriateness of measures, transition from linguistic to psychometric validation is poorly documented or evidenced. This paper demonstrates the importance of linking linguistic and psychometric testing through a purposeful stage which bridges the gap between translation and large-scale validation. Findings Evidence is drawn from a study to develop a Welsh language version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and investigate its psychometric properties. The BDI-II was translated into Welsh then administered to Welsh-speaking university students (n = 115) and patients with depression (n = 37) concurrent with the English BDI-II, and alongside other established depression and quality of life measures. A Welsh version of the BDI-II was produced that, on administration, showed conceptual equivalence with the original measure; high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90; 0.96); item homogeneity; adequate correlation with the English BDI-II (r = 0.96; 0.94) and additional measures; and a two-factor structure with one overriding dimension. Nevertheless, in the student sample, the Welsh version showed a significantly lower overall mean than the English (p = 0.002); and significant differences in six mean item scores. This prompted a review and refinement of the translated measure. Conclusions Exploring potential sources of bias in translated measures represents a critical step in the translation-validation process, which until now has been largely underutilised. This paper offers important findings that inform advanced methods of cross-cultural validation of PROMs.</p