The PhyloCode applied to Cintractiellales, a new order of smut fungi with unresolved phylogenetic relationships in the Ustilaginomycotina

The PhyloCode is used to classify taxa based on their relation to a most recent common ancestor as recovered from a phylogenetic analysis. We examined the first specimen of Cintractiella (Ustilaginomycotina) collected from Australia and determined its systematic relationship to other Fungi. Three ribosomal DNA loci were analysed both with and without constraint to a phylogenomic hypothesis of the Ustilaginomycotina. Cintractiella did not share a most recent common ancestor with other orders of smut fungi. We used the PhyloCode to define the Cintractiellales, a monogeneric order with four species of Cintractiella, including C. scirpodendri sp. nov. on Scirpodendron ghaeri. The Cintractiellales may have shared a most recent common ancestor with the Malasseziomycetes, but are otherwise unresolved at the rank of class.https://fuse-journal.orghj2021Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)Plant Production and Soil Scienc

PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENYULUHAN MENGENAI IUD PASCAPLASENTA

Background : Post-placental IUD is defined as IUD insertion within 10 minutes after the expulsion of placenta. This method is considered safe and the most potential method to prevent missed opportunity. The use of post-placental IUD currently perceived incompatible with the expectation. One of the factors that cause this thing is the low knowledge level of post-placental IUD in society. Aim : To analyze the difference of knowledge level and attitude towards postplacental IUD on pregnant woman before and after counseling. Methods : This research was conducted using quasi experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-three samples were taken by consecutive sampling from pregnant woman who lived in the territory of Puskesmas Ngesrep and Puskemas Halmahera, Semarang. Data were analyzed using paired T-Test. Results : The mean value of knowledge level before counseling was 6,09 ± 1,826 whereas after counseling was 8,15 ± 1,661. The mean value of attitude before counseling was 35,79 ± 4,709 with 26 respondents had positive attitude and 7 respondents had negative attitude whereas after counseling the mean value was 39,97 ± 4,261 with all respondents had positive attitude. There was significant difference (p<0,05) on knowledge level (p=0,000) and attitude (p=0,000) before and after counseling. Conclusion : There was significant difference on knowledge level and attitude towards post-placental IUD on pregnant woman before and after counseling. Key words: Post-placental IUD, counseling, knowledge level, attitud

Anatomia de raízes de nove espécies de Bromeliaceae (Poales) da região amazônica do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil Anatomy of the roots of nine species of Bromeliaceae (Poales) from the Amazon, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Este estudo busca caracterizar raízes de Bromeliaceae: Aechmea bromeliifolia, A. castelnavii, A. mertensii (Bromelioideae), Dyckia duckei, D. paraensis, D. racemosa (Pitcairnoideae), Tillandsia adpressiflora, T. didistachae e T. paraensis (Tillandsioideae) ocorrentes nas regiões amazônicas (Mato Grosso-MT), procurando levantar caracteres de valor taxonômico e significado ecológico. As espécies estudadas são epífitas e suas raízes se caracterizam por apresentar velame pluriestratificado, córtex diferenciado, endoderme e periciclo unisseriados, cilindro vascular poliarco e medula com células de paredes espessadas. Estruturas anatômicas como: número de camadas e tipo de espessamento das paredes das células do velame, tipo de espessamento de parede da exoderme e endoderme, presença de idioblastos contendo cristais e número de pólos de protoxilema agrupam as espécies nos diferentes gêneros e subfamílias. A presença de canais de mucilagem no córtex de A. castelnavii relatados pela primeira vez na literatura para Bromeliaceae é caráter diagnóstico. As raízes de Dyckia e Tillandsia apresentam maior número de caracteres comuns, representando maior similaridade entre Pitcairnioideae e Tillandsioideae. Raízes com velame, exoderme com células de paredes espessadas constituindo uma camada mecânica, canais de mucilagem, lacunas de ar no córtex interno e idioblastos com cristais são estruturas adaptativas ao hábito epifítico.<br>This study aimed to characterize the roots of Bromeliaceae, Aechmea bromeliifolia, A. castelnavii, A. mertensii (Bromelioideae), Dyckia duckei, D. paraensis, D. racemosa (Pitcairnoideae), Tillandsia adpressiflora, T. didistachae and T. paraensis (Tillandsioideae), that occur in Amazonian regions (Mato Grosso-MT), in order to find features of taxonomic value and ecological importance. The studied species are epiphytes and their roots are characterized by a multi-layered velamen, differentiated cortex, uniseriate endodermis and pericycle, polyarch vascular cylinder and medulla with thickened cell walls. Anatomical structures, such as the number of layers and kind of cell wall thickening of the velamen, the kind of thickening of the exodermis and endodermis walls, the presence of idioblasts containing crystals and the number of protoxylem poles help seperate these species within different genera and subfamilies. The presence of mucilage canals in the cortex of A. castelnavii is a diagnostic feature. The roots of Dyckia and Tillandsia share more common features, so there is greater similarity between Pitcairnioideae and Tillandsioideae. Roots with velamen, an exodermis with thickened cell walls constituting a mechanical layer, mucilage canals, air gaps in the inner cortex and idioblasts with crystals are structures adapted to the epiphytic habit