Characterization of inflammatory reaction in upper airways of cystic fibrosis patients

Inflammatory cell populations have not been yet precisely evaluated in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. We intended to characterize morphological modifications, inflammatory cell infiltration and cell proliferation in nasal tissues obtained from 15 CF patients and from 6 non-CF patients with nasal polyposis. Morphological analysis showed an intense inflammatory infiltration in CF and non-CF tissues with only few modifications in the epithelium from CF tissues. Inflammatory cell populations characterized by specific immunolabeling were quantified, showing a predominance of macrophages and T- and B-lymphocytes and only moderate numbers of neutrophils in CF tissues; in non-CF polyps, lymphocytes and eosinophils were abundant. Proliferating cell percentages quantified after proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolabeling were 5.3+4.1% (mean t SD) in CF polyps and 3.1+-1.2% in non-CF polyps in epithelium but were very low in lamina propria. Intense inflammation in nasal tissues from CF patients is therefore dominated by macrophages and lymphocytes rather than by neutrophils. While morphology is preserved, proliferation is high in epithelium from CF polyps. These findings should be regarded in the future for a better understanding of inflammation in CF airway disease

Isolation of actin-associated proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes and their localization in the early embryo.

The actin cytoskeleton plays an important, but poorly understood, role in the development of multicellular organisms. To help illuminate this role, we used actin filament affinity chromatography to isolate actin binding proteins from large quantities of Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes. To examine how these proteins might be involved in early development, we prepared antibodies against some of them and determined their distribution in fixed embryos. Three of these proteins co-localize with different subsets of the embryonic actin cytoskeleton. One co-localizes with actin to all cell cortices. The second oscillates between the nucleus and cortex in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. The third is asymmetrically enriched at the anterior cortex of one-cell embryos, showing a temporal and spatial localization suggestive of a function in generating developmental asymmetry. We conclude that biochemistry is a feasible and useful approach in the study of early C. elegans development, and that the embryonic actin cytoskeleton is regulated in a complex fashion in order to carry out multiple, simultaneous functions

Characterization of inflammatory reaction in upper airways of cystic fibrosis patients

Inflammatory cell populations have not been yet precisely evaluated in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. We intended to characterize morphological modifications, inflammatory cell infiltration and cell proliferation in nasal tissues obtained from 15 CF patients and from 6 non-CF patients with nasal polyposis. Morphological analysis showed an intense inflammatory infiltration in CF and non-CF tissues with only few modifications in the epithelium from CF tissues. Inflammatory cell populations characterized by specific immunolabeling were quantified, showing a predominance of macrophages and T- and B-lymphocytes and only moderate numbers of neutrophils in CF tissues; in non-CF polyps, lymphocytes and eosinophils were abundant. Proliferating cell percentages quantified after proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolabeling were 5.3+4.1% (mean t SD) in CF polyps and 3.1?1.2% in non-CF polyps in epithelium but were very low in lamina propria. Intense inflammation in nasal tissues from CF patients is therefore dominated by macrophages and lymphocytes rather than by neutrophils. While morphology is preserved, proliferation is high in epithelium from CF polyps. These findings should be regarded in the future for a better understanding of inflammation in CF airway disease

Virtual and Augmented Reality in Surgery

To provide an overview of the novel applications of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies within the realm of Surgery. This chapter will clarify the concepts associated with AR and VR in the context of surgery, and address implementation approaches of AR and VR in surgical pre-operative planning and surgical training. Some examples of state-of-the-art solutions and system architecture developed by the editors will be described and discussed. 2020, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.This work was partly supported by NPRP Grant #NPRP 11S-1219-170106 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).Scopu

Guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL). Managing epistaxis under coagulation disorder due to antithrombotic therapy

International audienceOBJECTIVE:The authors present the guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology concerning the management of epistaxis during antithrombotic therapy.METHODS:A review of the literature was performed by a multidisciplinary work group. Guidelines were drafted, then re-edited by a reading group independent of the work group to produce the final text. The proposed recommendations were graded A, B, C or expert opinion, on decreasing levels of evidence.RESULTS:Before any decision to modify antithrombotic treatment, it is recommended to screen for overdose and assess the risk of thrombosis. In stented patients, dual antiplatelet therapy must be maintained during the month following stenting and, if possible, for 3 months. In epistaxis with antivitamin K (AVK) overdose controlled by packing, corrective measures are based on the International Normalized Ratio (INR). In uncontrolled epistaxis, it is recommended to stop AVK, administer antidotes and regularly monitor INR. In case of intravascular embolization, it is not recommended to alter anticoagulant treatment