ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ ПОЛИНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ КЛАССОВ НА ДОСТИЖЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ УСПЕШНОСТИ

Multicultural and polyethnic diversity of the population is a characteristic trend of the world community. The polyethnic environment of the school can be, on the one hand, a basis for the manifestation of tolerance, interethnic interaction, and on the other hand, a high degree of ethnic identity of students can cause inter-ethnic conflicts, hostility to the representatives of a different nationality. Ethnic identity is formed in the context of the socialization of the younger schoolchild’s personality, which is characterized by the desire to achieve success and social recognition, social activity, indicating social success. Various kinds of contradictions appear between ethnic identity and the achievement of social success of younger schoolchildren in the multinational classes. The study examined the impact of ethnic identity on the achievement of younger schoolchildren’s social success in the multinational classes. The sample consisted of 236 primary school children aged 8-9 years old. multinational Correlation analysis identified positive relationships between ethnic identity and such indicators of social success as proneness to conflict, the aspiration for power, the tendency to affiliation and negative relationships between sociometric status and cohesion. High ethnic identity of younger schoolchildren in the multinational classes does not affect satisfaction with school life; achieving success in general increases the tendency to group recognition and respect, but at the same time impedes the achievement of favorable sociometric status and cohesion in the classroom, increasing proneness to conflict between the classmates.La diversidad multicultural y polietnica de la población es una tendencia característica de la comunidad mundial. El ambiente polieténico de la escuela puede ser, por un lado, una base para la manifestación de tolerancia, interacción interétnica y, por otro lado, un alto grado de identidad étnica de los estudiantes puede causar conflictos interétnicos, hostilidad hacia los representantes. de una nacionalidad diferente. La identidad étnica se forma en el contexto de la socialización de la personalidad del menor escolar, que se caracteriza por el deseo de lograr el éxito y el reconocimiento social, la actividad social, lo que indica el éxito social. Aparecen varios tipos de contradicciones entre la identidad étnica y el logro del éxito social de los escolares más jóvenes en las clases multinacionales. El estudio examinó el impacto de la identidad étnica en el logro del éxito social de los escolares más jóvenes en las clases multinacionales. La muestra consistió en 236 niños de primaria de 8 a 9 años. En la muestra agregada de escolares más jóvenes que estudian en las clases multinacionales, en términos de indicadores positivos, los estudiantes socialmente exitosos se revelaron dos veces más que los socialmente no exitosos. El grupo de escolares socialmente fracasados ​​estaba formado principalmente por alumnos con un alto nivel de identidad étnica. El análisis de correlación identificó relaciones positivas entre la identidad étnica y tales indicadores de éxito social como la propensión al conflicto, la aspiración de poder, la tendencia a la afiliación y las relaciones negativas entre el estado sociométrico y la cohesión. La alta identidad étnica de los escolares más jóvenes en las clases multinacionales no afecta la satisfacción con la vida escolar; Lograr el éxito en general aumenta la tendencia al reconocimiento y respeto grupal, pero al mismo tiempo impide el logro del estado sociométrico favorable y la cohesión en el aula, lo que aumenta la propensión al conflicto entre los compañeros de clase.Поликультурное и полиэтническое разнообразие населения является характерной тенденцией мирового общества. Полиэтническая среда школы может выступать, с одной стороны, основой для проявления толерантности, межэтнического взаимодействия, с другой стороны, высокая степень этнической идентичности обучающихся может вызывать межэтнические конфликты, неприязнь к представителям иной национальности. Формирование этнической идентичности происходит в контексте социализации личности младшего школьника, которая характеризуется стремлением к достижению успеха и социальному признанию, социальной активностью, что является показателями социальной успешности. Возникают различного рода противоречия между этнической идентичностью и достижением социальной успешности младших школьников полинациональных классов. В исследовании изучалось влияние этнической идентичности на достижение социальной успешности младших школьников в полинациональных классах. Выборку составили 236 младших школьников 8-9 лет. В совокупной выборке младших школьников полинациональных классов по позитивным показателям социально успешных обучающихся выявлено в два раза больше, чем социально неуспешных. Группу социально неуспешных школьников составили в основном школьники с высоким уровнем этнической идентичности. Корреляционный анализ выявил наличие положительных взаимосвязей между этнической идентичностью и такими показателями социальной успешности как конфликтность, стремление к власти, тенденция к аффилиации и отрицательных взаимосвязей между социометрическим статусом и сплочённостью. Высокая этническая идентичность у младших школьников полинациональных классов не влияет на удовлетворённость школьной жизнью, достижение успеха в целом, усиливает тенденцию к групповому признанию и уважению, но вместе с тем препятствует достижению благоприятного социометрического статуса, сплочённости в классе, увеличивает конфликтность между одноклассниками

Differential Expression of CHL1 Gene during Development of Major Human Cancers

CHL1 gene (also known as CALL) on 3p26.3 encodes a one-pass trans-membrane cell adhesion molecule (CAM). Previously CAMs of this type, including L1, were shown to be involved in cancer growth and metastasis.We used Clontech Cancer Profiling Arrays (19 different types of cancers, 395 samples) to analyze expression of the CHL1 gene. The results were further validated by RT-qPCR for breast, renal and lung cancer. Cancer Profiling Arrays revealed differential expression of the gene: down-regulation/silencing in a majority of primary tumors and up-regulation associated with invasive/metastatic growth. Frequent down-regulation (>40% of cases) was detected in 11 types of cancer (breast, kidney, rectum, colon, thyroid, stomach, skin, small intestine, bladder, vulva and pancreatic cancer) and frequent up-regulation (>40% of cases)--in 5 types (lung, ovary, uterus, liver and trachea) of cancer. Using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) we found that CHL1 expression was decreased in 61% of breast, 60% of lung, 87% of clear cell and 89% papillary renal cancer specimens (P<0.03 for all the cases). There was a higher frequency of CHL1 mRNA decrease in lung squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma (81% vs. 38%, P = 0.02) without association with tumor progression.Our results suggested that CHL1 is involved in the development of different human cancers. Initially, during the primary tumor growth CHL1 could act as a putative tumor suppressor and is silenced to facilitate in situ tumor growth for 11 cancer types. We also suggested that re-expression of the gene on the edge of tumor mass might promote local invasive growth and enable further metastatic spread in ovary, colon and breast cancer. Our data also supported the role of CHL1 as a potentially novel specific biomarker in the early pathogenesis of two major histological types of renal cancer

Tumor suppressor function of the SEMA3B gene in human lung and renal cancers

The SEMA3B gene is located in the 3p21.3 LUCA region, which is frequently affected in different types of cancer. The objective of our study was to expand our knowledge of the SEMA3B gene as a tumor suppressor and the mechanisms of its inactivation. In this study, several experimental approaches were used: tumor growth analyses and apoptosis assays in vitro and in SCID mice, expression and methylation assays and other. With the use of the small cell lung cancer cell line U2020 we confirmed the function of SEMA3B as a tumor suppressor, and showed that the suppression can be realized through the induction of apoptosis and, possibly, associated with the inhibition of angiogenesis. In addition, for the first time, high methylation frequencies have been observed in both intronic (32-39%) and promoter (44-52%) CpG-islands in 38 non-small cell lung carcinomas, including 16 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 22 adenocarcinomas (ADC), and in 83 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Correlations between the methylation frequencies of the promoter and the intronic CpG-islands of SEMA3B with tumor stage and grade have been revealed for SCC, ADC and ccRCC. The association between the decrease of the SEMA3B mRNA level and hypermethylation of the promoter and the intronic CpG-islands has been estimated in renal primary tumors (P < 0.01). Using qPCR, we observed on the average 10- and 14-fold decrease of the SEMA3B mRNA level in SCC and ADC, respectively, and a 4-fold decrease in ccRCC. The frequency of this effect was high in both lung (92-95%) and renal (84%) tumor samples. Moreover, we showed a clear difference (P < 0.05) of the SEMA3B relative mRNA levels in ADC with and without lymph node metastases. We conclude that aberrant expression and methylation of SEMA3B could be suggested as markers of lung and renal cancer progression

Dysregulation of lncRNA&ndash;miRNA&ndash;mRNA Interactome as a Marker of Metastatic Process in Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common types of cancer among malignancies of the female reproductive system. This pathology is asymptomatic until advanced stages and has a poor prognosis. Our study aimed to search for lncRNA&ndash;miRNA&ndash;mRNA competing triplets that promote ovarian tumorigenesis. For this purpose, we analyzed tumor samples from the TCGA database and verified the results experimentally in a set of 46 paired samples of tumor and matched histologically unchanged ovarian tissues from OC patients. The list of RNAs selected in silico for experimental studies included 13 mRNAs, 10 lncRNAs, and 5 miRNAs related to epithelial&ndash;mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. We evaluated the expression of these RNAs by qRT-PCR and assessed the correlation between levels of miRNAs, mRNAs, and lncRNAs. Sixteen significant triplets were revealed, in some of which, e.g., OIP5-AS1&ndash;miR-203a&ndash;c-MET and OIP5-AS1&ndash;miR-203a&ndash;ZEB2, both lncRNA and mRNA had sites for miR-203a direct binding. Transfection of the OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cell lines with the miR-203a mimic was used to confirm the novel links of miR-203a with ZEB2 and c-MET in OC. These connections suggest that the interactomes have the potential for diagnostics of metastasis at early onset

INCREASE OF DEMAND FOR GRADUATES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Abstract. The aim of the research is identification of the objective and subjective factors influencing professional self-realization of graduates of the field of study «Public and Municipal Administration».Methods. The authors have conducted anonymous opinion survey of prestigious economic universities undergraduates (bachelor and master degree course) and graduates specialized in this sphere. The questions were about correspondence of gained academic qualification and actual occupation, the importance of degree certificate, satisfaction with education quality, attitude to different aspects of studying etc. In order to make relevant conclusions, the authors apply comparative, statistical, eneralization and induction methods.Results. Informants’ answers helped to count out the percentage of graduates whose occupation is connected with public administration, understand the reasons of choosing relevant master course, assess the significance of acquired competence and qualification for job placement at governmental organizations. The main scientific result of the research is working out a system of recommendations aimed at increasing demand for graduates specialized in the sphere of civil service, and, consequently, improving the efficiency of investment in management training. It is specified that the most important issues in this regard are forethought of career choice, students’ vision of academic planning, and approach to teaching, practice-oriented type of education.Scientific novelty. Having organized the data and compared it with previous surveys’ results, the authors reveal the factors essential to professional success and application of knowledge as well as correlation of these factors which means meeting the objective of the research.Practical significance. The presented materials can be used for the further modernization of the process of educational planning and taken into notice while developing academic programs for the direction «Public and Municipal Administration»

Andre Gillet. Using English for Academic Purposes. A Guide for Students in Higher Education

The paper describes the experimental study of the children’s specific moral choices from several perspectives. The quantitative and qualitative results of the study were assessed through comparison of the diverse kinds of correct and incorrect moral choices in children aged 6–7 years old and 7–8 years old, the specifics of these choices revealed through resolving two types of specially designed situations with ethnocultural context, namely the situations requiring the child’s personal engagement (situations of moral choice) and depersonalized situations (situations with moral challenges, such as “Continue the sentence”)

Event‐related EEG synchronization and desynchronization in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Symptoms in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated with impairment in cognitive control, attention, and action inhibition. We investigated OCD group differences relative to healthy subjects in terms of event‐related alpha and beta range synchronization (ERS) and desynchronization (ERD) during a visually cued Go/NoGo task. Subjects were 62 OCD patients and 296 healthy controls (HC). The OCD group in comparison with HC, showed a changed value of alpha/beta oscillatory power over the central cortex, in particular, an increase in the alpha/beta ERD over the central‐parietal cortex during the interstimulus interval (Cue condition) as well as changes in the postmovement beta synchronization topography and frequency. Over the frontal cortex, the OCD group showed an increase in magnitude of the beta ERS in NoGo condition. Within the parietal‐occipital ERS/ERD modulations, the OCD group showed an increase in the alpha/beta ERD over the parietal cortex after the presentation of the visual stimuli as well as a decrease in the beta ERD over the occipital cortex after the presentation of the Cue and Go stimuli. The specific properties in the ERS/ERD patterns observed in the OCD group may reflect high involvement of the frontal and central cortex in action preparation and action inhibition processes and, possibly, in maintaining the motor program, which might be a result of the dysfunction of the cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuits involving prefrontal cortex. The data about enhanced involvement of the parietal cortex in the evaluation of the visual stimuli are in line with the assumption about overfocused attention in OCD

Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 in Breast Cancer: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Biological Functions

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as contributors to the development and progression of cancer through various functions and mechanisms. LncRNA GAS5 is downregulated in multiple cancers and acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. GAS5 interacts with various proteins (e.g., E2F1, EZH2, and YAP), DNA (e.g., the insulin receptor promoter), and various microRNAs (miRNAs). In breast cancer, GAS5 binds with miR-21, miR-222, miR-221-3p, miR-196a-5p, and miR-378a-5p that indicates the presence of several elements for miRNA binding (MREs) in GAS5. Mediated by the listed miRNAs, GAS5 is involved in the upregulation of a number of mRNAs of suppressor proteins such as PTEN, PDCD4, DKK2, FOXO1, and SUFU. Furthermore, the aberrant promoter methylation is involved in the regulation of GAS5 gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer and some other carcinomas. GAS5 can stimulate apoptosis in breast cancer via diverse pathways, including cell death receptors and mitochondrial signaling pathways. GAS5 is also a key player in the regulation of some crucial signal pathways in breast cancer, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB signaling. Through epigenetic and other mechanisms, GAS5 can increase sensitivity to multiple drugs and improve prognosis. GAS5 is thus a promising target in the treatment of breast cancer patients

Regulation of the Key Epithelial Cancer Suppressor miR-124 Function by Competing Endogenous RNAs

A decrease in the miR-124 expression was observed in various epithelial cancers. Like a classical suppressor, miR-124 can inhibit the translation of multiple oncogenic proteins. Epigenetic mechanisms play a significant role in the regulation of miR-124 expression and involve hypermethylation of the MIR-124-1/-2/-3 genes and the effects of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) according to the model of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). More than 40 interactomes (lncRNA/miR-124/mRNA) based on competition between lncRNAs and mRNAs for miR-124 binding have been identified in various epithelial cancers. LncRNAs MALAT1, NEAT1, HOXA11-AS, and XIST are the most represented in these axes. Fourteen axes (e.g., SND1-IT1/miR-124/COL4A1) are involved in EMT and/or metastasis. Moreover, eight axes (e.g., OIP5-AS1/miR-124-5p/IDH2) are involved in key pathways, such as Wnt/b-catenin, E2F1, TGF-&beta;, SMAD, ERK/MAPK, HIF-1&alpha;, Notch, PI3K/Akt signaling, and cancer cell stemness. Additionally, 15 axes impaired patient survival and three axes reduced chemo- or radiosensitivity. To date, 14 cases of miR-124 regulation by circRNAs have been identified. Half of them involve circHIPK3, which belongs to the exonic ecircRNAs and stimulates cell proliferation, EMT, autophagy, angiogenesis, and multidrug resistance. Thus, miR-124 and its interacting partners may be considered promising targets for cancer therapy

LncRNAs in the Regulation of Genes and Signaling Pathways through miRNA-Mediated and Other Mechanisms in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

The fundamental novelty in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was discovered as a result of the recent identification of the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we discuss several mechanisms for the dysregulation of the expression of protein-coding genes initiated by lncRNAs in the most common and aggressive type of kidney cancer—clear cell RCC (ccRCC). A model of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is considered, in which lncRNA acts on genes through the lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis. For the most studied oncogenic lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, and TUG1, several regulatory axes were identified in ccRCC, demonstrating a number of sites for various miRNAs. Interestingly, the LINC00973/miR-7109/Siglec-15 axis represents a novel agent that can suppress the immune response in patients with ccRCC, serving as a valuable target in addition to the PD1/PD-L1 pathway. Other mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in ccRCC, involving direct binding with proteins, mRNAs, and genes/DNA, are also considered. Our review briefly highlights methods by which various mechanisms of action of lncRNAs were verified. We pay special attention to protein targets and signaling pathways with which lncRNAs are associated in ccRCC. Thus, these new data on the different mechanisms of lncRNA functioning provide a novel basis for understanding the pathogenesis of ccRCC and the identification of new prognostic markers and targets for therapy