Correctness of Velocity Evaluation of System Using Spatial Filter

In this paper, a velocity measurement method using the spatial filter is presented. Luminous emitance of the surface passing through the moving spatial filter and optical set is projected to the active area of photo-detector. The velocity determination is based on the frequency spectrum evaluation of the photo-detector output signal. The formula for velocity computing is derived first. Then, correctness of velocity evaluation in dependence on the surface and measuring system properties is discussed

Incomplete Neurological Development as a Root of Reading Problems: A Classroom Teacher\u27s Approach

Incomplete neurological development as a root of reading problems is a concept that could revolutionize our system of education. It could guide us to treating the “disease” rather than the symptoms. It could save us much “beating of the air” in our use of methods. It could modify our demands that learning take place in developmental infancy. At least, that is the theory of Dr. Carl H. Delacato2 and his associates in their Developmental Reading Program at Chestnut Hill Academy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Their motivation stems from the conviction that “reading problems need not exist at all because they can be successfully prevented.”3 The Delacato system is not a teaching method. It is an attempt to aid the individual to achieve organizations of the central nervous system so that he will be able to function in such a way as to realize his potential. The purpose of this study of the Delacato theory was to consider its usability as a deterrent or remedial tool in meeting the needs of a group of school children who are learning to read

Field-Induced Magnetic and Structural Domain Alignment in PrO2

We present a neutron diffraction study of the magnetic structure of single crystal PrO2 under applied fields of 0-6 T. As the field is increased, changes are observed in the magnetic Bragg intensities. These changes are found to be irreversible when the field is reduced, but the original intensities can be recovered by heating to T > 122 K, then re-cooling in zero field. The antiferromagnetic ordering temperature TN = 13.5 K and the magnetic periodicity are unaffected by the applied field. We also report measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of single crystal PrO2 under applied fields of 0-7 T. These show strong anisotropy, as well as an anomaly at T = 122 +/- 2 K which coincides with the temperature TD = 120 +/- 2 K at which a structural distortion occurs. For fields applied along the [100] direction the susceptibility increases irreversibly with field in the temperature range TN < T < TD. However, for fields along [110] the susceptibility is independent of field in this range. We propose structural domain alignment, which strongly influences the formation of magnetic domains below TN, as the mechanism behind these changes.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables. Minor typographical changes in v

Valence modulations in CeRuSn

CeRuSn exhibits an extraordinary room temperature structure at 300~K with coexistence of two types of Ce ions, namely trivalent Ce$^{3+}$ and intermediate valent Ce$^{(4-\delta)+}$, in a metallic environment. The ordered arrangement of these two Ce types on specific crystallographic sites results in a doubling of the unit cell along the $c$-axis with respect to the basic monoclinic CeCoAl-type structure. Below room temperature, structural modulation transitions with very broad hysteresis have been reported from measurements of various bulk properties. X-ray diffraction revealed that at low temperatures the doubling of the CeCoAl type structure is replaced by a different modulated ground state, approximating a near tripling of the basic CeCoAl cell. The transition is accompanied by a significant contraction of the $c$ axis. We present new x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy data at the Ce L$_{3}$ absorption edge, measured on a freshly cleaved surface of a CeRuSn single crystal. In contrast to a previous report, the new data exhibit small but significant variations as function of temperature that are consistent with a transition of a fraction of Ce$^{3+}$ ions to the intermediate valence state, analogous to the $\gamma \rightarrow \alpha$ transition in elemental cerium, when cooling through the structural transitions of CeRuSn. Such results in a valence-modulated state

Simplified Frame and Symbol Synchronization for 4–CPFSK with h=0.25

This paper examines the problem of rapid frame and symbol synchronization techniques intended particularly for constant envelope modulation formats M–CPFSK with modulation index h=1/M which are used in strictly bandwidth limited narrowband industrial applications. The data aided and non data aided versions of the algorithm based on digital frequency discrimination are discussed and compared against the synchronization techniques found in literature. Sample wise pattern correlation technique for joint frame and symbol synchronization is also studied. With the focus on a practical digital implementation the advantages and disadvantages of the described approaches are discussed

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Implementation of Industrial Narrow Band Communication System into SDR Concept

The rapid expansion of the digital signal processing has penetrated recently into a sphere of high performance industrial narrow band communication systems which had been for long years dominated by the traditional analog circuit design. Although it brings new potential to even increase the efficiency of the radio channel usage it also forces new challenges and compromises radio designers have to face. In this article we describe the design of the IF sampling industrial narrowband radio receiver, optimize a digital receiver structure implemented in a single FPGA circuit and study the performance of such radio receiver architecture. As an evaluation criterion the communication efficiency in form of maximum usable receiver sensitivity, co-channel rejection, adjacent channel selectivity and radio blocking measurement have been selected

Neutron-diffraction study of field-induced transitions in the heavy-fermion compound Ce2RhIn8

We present neutron diffraction measurements in high magnetic fields (0 to 14.5 T) and at low temperatures (2.5, 2.3, 0.77 and 0.068 K) on single crystals of the tetragonal heavy fermion antiferromagnet Ce2RhIn8. For B//[110] the field dependence of selected magnetic and nuclear reflections reveals that the material undergoes several transitions, the temperature dependence of which suggests a complex B-T phase diagram. We present the detailed evolution of the integrated intensities of selected reflections and discuss the associated field-induced transitions.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures Proceeding Euro-conference "Properties of Condensed Matter probed by x-ray and neutron scattering"; to appear in Physica

Low-coordinate iridium NHC complexes derived from selective and reversible C–H bond activation of fluoroarenes

Interaction of the reactive 14 VE {Ir(IBioxMe4)3}+ fragment with fluoroarenes results exclusively in ortho-C–H bond oxidative addition and formation of 16 VE Ir(III) derivatives [Ir(IBioxMe4)3(Ar)H]+ (Ar = 2-C6H4F, 2,3-C6H3F2, 2,4,6-C6H2F3). The C–H bond activation reactions occur under mild conditions and are reversible