Magnetic structures in the rich magnetic phase diagram of Ho2_2RhIn8_8

The magnetic phase diagram of the tetragonal Ho$_2$RhIn$_8$ compound has similar features to many related systems, revealing a zero magnetic field AF1 and a field-induced AF2 phases. Details of the magnetic order in the AF2 phase were not reported yet for any of the related compounds. In addition, only the Ho$_2$RhIn$_8$ phase diagram contains a small region of the incommensurate zero-field AF3 phase. We have performed a number of neutron diffraction experiments on single crystals of Ho$_2$RhIn$_8$ using several diffractometers including experiments in both horizontal and vertical magnetic fields up to 4 T. We present details of the magnetic structures in all magnetic phases of the rich phase diagram of Ho$_2$RhIn$_8$. The Ho magnetic moments point along the tetragonal $c$ axis in every phase. The ground-state AF1 phase is characterized by propagation vector $\textbf{k}$ = (1/2, 0, 0). The more complex ferrimagnetic AF2 phase is described by four propagation vectors $\textbf{k}_{0}$ = (0, 0, 0), $\textbf{k}_{1}$ = (1/2, 0, 0), $\textbf{k}_{2}$ = (0, 1/2, 1/2), $\textbf{k}_{3}$ = (1/2, 1/2, 1/2). The magnetic structure in the AF3 phase is incommensurate with $\textbf{k}_{AF3}$ = (0.5, $\delta$, 0). Our results are consistent with theoretical calculations based on crystal field theory.Comment: submitted to PR

Direct observation of N\'eel-type skyrmions and domain walls in a ferrimagnetic thin film via scanning transmission X-ray microscopy

Isolated magnetic skyrmions are stable, topologically protected spin textures that are at the forefront of research interests today due to their potential applications in information technology. A distinct class of skyrmion hosts are rare earth - transition metal (RE-TM) ferrimagnetic materials. To date, the nature and the control of basic traits of skyrmions in these materials are not fully understood. We show that for an archetypal ferrimagnetic material that exhibits strong perpendicular anisotropy, the ferrimagnetic skyrmion size can be tuned by external magnetic fields. Moreover, by taking advantage of the high spatial resolution of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and utilizing a large x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) contrast that occurs naturally at the RE resonant edges, we resolve the nature of the magnetic domain walls of ferrimagnetic skyrmions. We demonstrate that through this method one can easily discriminate between Bloch and N\'eel type domain walls for each individual skyrmion. For all isolated ferrimagnetic skyrmions, we observe that the domain walls are of N\'eel-type. This key information is corroborated with results of micromagnetic simulations and allows us to conclude on the nature of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) which concurs to the stabilisation of skyrmions in ferrimagnetic systems. Establishing that an intrinsic DMI occurs in RE-TM materials will also be beneficial towards a deeper understanding of chiral spin texture control in ferrimagnetic materials

Teorie kotoučových brzd těžních strojů

Příloha A-B samostatně svázána a zpracována pod signaturou 33101/769 a příloha C samostatně svázána a zpracována pod signaturou 33101/770PrezenčníNeuvedenoNeuveden

Kotoučové brzdy těžních strojů

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Year 2004 Barley Crop Assessment - Brewery Section.

p. 78-82. Already for many years, the qualitative assessment of the quality of malting barleys crops carried out by the Malting institute in Brno has been accompanied by bench scale brewing of beers from the malts produced by brewery malt houses or commercial malting plants in the relevant growing areas of the Czech Republic. In 2004, the quality assessment for brewing purposes was extended by monitoring of varieties, so it was possible to compare not only the differences among individual growing areas but also the differences among the varieties. The spectrum of gained results is thus significantly wider than in the previous years. The quality of the barley from the 2004 crop is very good. From technological aspects the 2004 crop is characterized by a high filterability of all samples. The 2004 crop can be characterized by a low protein content in malts.The maximum degree of attenuation is more dependent on the growing area (malting plant), on the other hand, relative extract at 45 °C, diastatic power and nitrogen content are significantly more influenced by the variety used. The total content of polyphenols is also significantly dependent on the variety grown. From organoleptic point of view, the beers brewed from variety Jersey were assessed as the best; varieties Malz and Scarlett took the imaginary second place.p. 78-82. Already for many years, the qualitative assessment of the quality of malting barleys crops carried out by the Malting institute in Brno has been accompanied by bench scale brewing of beers from the malts produced by brewery malt houses or commercial malting plants in the relevant growing areas of the Czech Republic. In 2004, the quality assessment for brewing purposes was extended by monitoring of varieties, so it was possible to compare not only the differences among individual growing areas but also the differences among the varieties. The spectrum of gained results is thus significantly wider than in the previous years. The quality of the barley from the 2004 crop is very good. From technological aspects the 2004 crop is characterized by a high filterability of all samples. The 2004 crop can be characterized by a low protein content in malts.The maximum degree of attenuation is more dependent on the growing area (malting plant), on the other hand, relative extract at 45 °C, diastatic power and nitrogen content are significantly more influenced by the variety used. The total content of polyphenols is also significantly dependent on the variety grown. From organoleptic point of view, the beers brewed from variety Jersey were assessed as the best; varieties Malz and Scarlett took the imaginary second place

Quality Of Barley From 2003 Crop - Brewery Section.

As every year, checks of malts made under production conditions from the barleys cropped in various regions of the Czech Republic are carried out as part of the project for the assessment of barley crop quality. Bench-scale beers brewed in a trial microbrewery were compared from analytical as well as sensorial points of view, also the effect of particular malts on the course of the technological process was monitored. Sensorial properties were assessed by the VÚPS Praha committee members as well as by the representatives of breweries and malting plants taking part in this project. As it can be seen from the results being compared, no sample showed significant anomalies.Trends towards the equalization of quality of produced malts and beers in particular crop years can be observed. Also during the assessment of sensorial properties, no demonstrable differences were found among the samples.As every year, checks of malts made under production conditions from the barleys cropped in various regions of the Czech Republic are carried out as part of the project for the assessment of barley crop quality. Bench-scale beers brewed in a trial microbrewery were compared from analytical as well as sensorial points of view, also the effect of particular malts on the course of the technological process was monitored. Sensorial properties were assessed by the VÚPS Praha committee members as well as by the representatives of breweries and malting plants taking part in this project. As it can be seen from the results being compared, no sample showed significant anomalies.Trends towards the equalization of quality of produced malts and beers in particular crop years can be observed. Also during the assessment of sensorial properties, no demonstrable differences were found among the samples