Repositioning post partum care in Kenya

In Kenya, although 45 percent of maternal deaths occur within the first 24 hours after childbirth and 65 percent of maternal deaths occur during the first week postpartum, health-care providers continue to advise on a first check-up six weeks after childbirth. The early postpartum period is also critical to newborn survival, with 50–70 percent of life-threatening newborn illnesses occurring in the first week. Yet most strategies to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality have focused on pregnancy and birth. In addition to the heavy workload of providers who do not assess the mother post-delivery when she may bring her infant for immunization, lack of knowledge, poverty, cultural beliefs and practices perpetuate the problem. The only register that exists for mothers post-delivery is for family planning, thus perpetuating the lack of emphasis on the early postpartum period with no standardized register to record care given. To address this gap in service delivery, the Population Council defined the minimal services a mother and baby should receive from a skilled attendant after birth. As stated in this brief, the development of a standardized postpartum register is one step toward advocating for providing early postpartum care among health-service providers

Taking maternal services to pregnant women: The community midwifery model

Evidence from a number of studies globally has shown a reduction in maternal and perinatal mortality when women have a skilled attendant present at birth. In Kenya, a skilled attendant assists at only 42 percent of births. In Central Province, over 70 percent deliver with a skilled attendant compared to 28 percent in Western Province. Results from one district in Western Province where midwives were given the necessary equipment and support to assist women during birth at home, showed a significant increase in home births attended by skilled health workers between 2001 and 2003 and a similar decrease in utilization of traditional birth attendants. As noted in this brief, this an indication that skilled attendance in the community is possible and a good alternative for women who are unable to reach a health facility. Building on these results, a Community Midwifery Model was developed that focuses on empowering midwives living in the community to assist women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in their homes, manage minor complications, and facilitate referral when necessary and transfer to the hospital

The SMNH implementation framework for districts

The Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project (SMDP) implementation framework was developed as a result of lessons learned and approaches used during SMDP in Western Province, Kenya, 2000–04. All the components require cooperation and support at the provincial and national level. The six components, as outlined in this brief, are: preparation; safe motherhood (SM) rapid appraisal; analysis; intervention planning; implementation; and evaluation. The development of a Safe Motherhood Rapid Appraisal Tool has been an important outcome of the DFID Western Province SMDP. The intervention in Western Province was based on addressing resource and skills gaps in service provision, which were identified by a situation analysis carried out in each district. Through the introduction of training programs tailored to staff needs, ensuring that basic equipment and drugs were available, and ensuring greater community involvement, safe motherhood services have been improved in Western Province. The situation analysis exercise was refined during the project, resulting in the development of the Safe Motherhood Rapid Appraisal Tool

Introducing magnesium sulphate for the management of pregnancy induced hypertension

Global studies have demonstrated that using magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to manage hypertensive disease in pregnancy reduces morbidity and mortality due to severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, one of the five direct causes of maternal death. Many countries have been slow to introduce MgSO4 to the detriment of women’s health. There are also critical gaps in health-care provider knowledge, skills, and practice in management of eclampsia. Although the use of MgSO4 was introduced successfully to the Maternity Unit at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, in 2001, there has been no systematic introduction of the drug across the country. Generally, the only facilities utilizing MgSO4 are those supported by development partners and some mission hospitals. In response to requests from health-care managers and providers in Western Province to be trained in the use of MgSO4, a two-day practical training program was developed. As noted in this brief, the main objective of the training was to ensure that participants had specific skills for preventing and managing severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

Personal protective equipment use by health-care workers in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: comparative analysis with the PPE-SAFE survey

AimWe investigated personal protective equipment (PPE) use and supply shortage, training, and adverse events among health-care workers (HCWs) in the intensive care unit (ICU) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan and compared the results with an international survey that used the same methodology.MethodsThis Web-based survey was carried out from 14 April to 6 May, 2020, in Japan and included HCWs directly involved in ICU management of COVID-19 patients. A survey invitation was emailed using the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine’s mailing list.ResultsWe analyzed 460 valid responses from among 976 responses. The N95/FFP2 mask (77%) was the most frequently used, although half of our respondents reported reuse of single-use N95/FFP2 masks. The median duration (1 h) of uninterrupted PPE use per shift was less than that in the international study. The most common PPE-related adverse event was experiencing intense heat (75%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that being a nurse was independently associated with experiencing intense heat.ConclusionShortage of PPE and frequent mask reuse were prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Intense heat is the most significant symptom, especially for nurses, even with short-duration PPE use. Strategies to protect HCWs from dehydration and intense heatstroke are needed

LiDAR canopy structure 2014

Description: LiDAR derived canopy structure and topography across SAFE, Maliau Conservation Area and Danum Valley in Malaysian Borneo. These maps were produced following a survey by the Natural Environment Research Council Airborne Research Facility in 2014. Georeferenced point clouds were tiled, noise points were removed and ground points classified using Lastools. Digital terrain models (DTM) were produced from classified ground points at 10 m resolution. Point clouds were normalised (through ground subtraction) to produce 1 m resolution pitfree canopy height model (CHM) rasters. Normalised CHMs were also used to produce 20 m resolution plant area density (PAD) profile and plant area index (PAI) rasters as well as a number of statistics calculated for 20 m resolution vertical profiles. Point density is reported as a means to assess data quality, higher values indicate more data and are likely to be more reliable, particularly for dense tall forests, which depend on high point densities for accurate ground detection. Above-ground carbon density was calculated at 1 ha resolution from top of canopy height and gap fraction (derived from canopy height models) also at 1 ha resolution.Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: Influences of disturbance and environmental variation on biomass change in Malaysian BorneoFunding: These data were collected as part of research funded by: Natural Environmental Research Council (Human Modified Tropical Forests Consortium Grant, NE/K016377/1)This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.Permits: These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence Unknown)XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available hereFiles: This dataset consists of 64 files: SAFE_archive_LiDAR_Swinfield.xlsx, Danum_acd.tif, Danum_chm.tif, Danum_dtm.tif, Danum_pad_canopy_height.tif, Danum_pad_kurt.tif, Danum_pad_mean.tif, Danum_pad_n_layers.tif, Danum_pad_shannon.tif, Danum_pad_shape.tif, Danum_pad_skew.tif, Danum_pad_std.tif, Danum_pai.tif, Danum_pai_02_10m.tif, Danum_pai_10_20m.tif, Danum_pai_20_30m.tif, Danum_pai_30_40m.tif, Danum_pai_40_50m.tif, Danum_pai_50_60m.tif, Danum_pai_60_70m.tif, Danum_pai_70_80m.tif, Danum_point_density.tif, Maliau_acd.tif, Maliau_chm.tif, Maliau_dtm.tif, Maliau_pad_n_layers.tif, Maliau_pad_canopy_height.tif, Maliau_pad_kurt.tif, Maliau_pad_mean.tif, Maliau_pad_shannon.tif, Maliau_pad_shape.tif, Maliau_pad_skew.tif, Maliau_pad_std.tif, Maliau_pai.tif, Maliau_pai_02_10m.tif, Maliau_pai_10_20m.tif, Maliau_pai_20_30m.tif, Maliau_pai_30_40m.tif, Maliau_pai_40_50m.tif, Maliau_pai_50_60m.tif, Maliau_pai_60_70m.tif, Maliau_pai_70_80m.tif, Maliau_point_density.tif, SAFE_acd.tif, SAFE_pad_canopy_height.tif, SAFE_chm.tif, SAFE_dtm.tif, SAFE_pad_kurt.tif, SAFE_pad_mean.tif, SAFE_pad_n_layers.tif, SAFE_pad_shannon.tif, SAFE_pad_shape.tif, SAFE_pad_skew.tif, SAFE_pad_std.tif, SAFE_pai.tif, SAFE_pai_02_10m.tif, SAFE_pai_10_20m.tif, SAFE_pai_20_30m.tif, SAFE_pai_30_40m.tif, SAFE_pai_40_50m.tif, SAFE_pai_50_60m.tif, SAFE_pai_60_70m.tif, SAFE_pai_70_80m.tif, SAFE_point_density.tifSAFE_archive_LiDAR_Swinfield.xlsxThis file only contains metadata for the files belowDanum_acd.tifDescription: Danum Valley above-ground carbon densityThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_acd)Description: Danum Valley above-ground carbon densityNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_acd: Above-ground carbon density (ACD) (Field type: numeric)Danum_chm.tifDescription: Danum Valley canopy height modelThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_chm)Description: Danum Valley canopy height modelNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_chm: Canopy height model (CHM) (Field type: numeric)Danum_dtm.tifDescription: Danum Valley digital terrain modelThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_dtm)Description: Danum Valley digital terrain modelNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_dtm: Digital terrain model (DTM) (Field type: numeric)Danum_pad_canopy_height.tifDescription: Danum Valley maximum canopy heightThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pad_canopy_height)Description: Danum Valley maximum canopy heightNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pad_canopy_height: Maximum canopy height (Field type: numeric)Danum_pad_kurt.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area density kurtosisThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pad_kurt)Description: Danum Valley plant area density kurtosisNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pad_kurt: Plant area density kurtosis (Field type: numeric)Danum_pad_mean.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area density meanThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pad_mean)Description: Danum Valley plant area density meanNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pad_mean: Plant area density central height (Field type: numeric)Danum_pad_n_layers.tifDescription: Danum Valley number of discrete plant area density layersThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pad_n_layers)Description: Danum Valley number of discrete plant area density layersNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pad_n_layers: Plant area density number of layers (Field type: numeric)Danum_pad_shannon.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area density shannon indexThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pad_shannon)Description: Danum Valley plant area density shannon indexNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pad_shannon: Plant area density Shannon index (Field type: numeric)Danum_pad_shape.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area density shapeThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pad_shape)Description: Danum Valley plant area density shapeNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pad_shape: Plant area density shape (Field type: numeric)Danum_pad_skew.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area density skewThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pad_skew)Description: Danum Valley plant area density skewNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pad_skew: Plant area density skew (Field type: numeric)Danum_pad_std.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area density standard deviationThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pad_std)Description: Danum Valley plant area density standard deviationNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pad_std: Plant area density standard deviation (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area indexThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai)Description: Danum Valley plant area indexNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai: Plant area index (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai_02_10m.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area index between 2 m and 10 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai_02_10m)Description: Danum Valley plant area index between 2 m and 10 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai_02_10m: Plant area index between 2 m and 10 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai_10_20m.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area index between 10 m and 20 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai_10_20m)Description: Danum Valley plant area index between 10 m and 20 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai_10_20m: Plant area index between 10 m and 20 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai_20_30m.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area index between 20 m and 30 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai_20_30m)Description: Danum Valley plant area index between 20 m and 30 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai_20_30m: Plant area index between 20 m and 30 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai_30_40m.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area index between 30 m and 40 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai_30_40m)Description: Danum Valley plant area index between 30 m and 40 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai_30_40m: Plant area index between 30 m and 40 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai_40_50m.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area index between 40 m and 50 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai_40_50m)Description: Danum Valley plant area index between 40 m and 50 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai_40_50m: Plant area index between 40 m and 50 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai_50_60m.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area index between 50 m and 60 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai_50_60m)Description: Danum Valley plant area index between 50 m and 60 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai_50_60m: Plant area index between 50 m and 60 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai_60_70m.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area index between 60 m and 70 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai_60_70m)Description: Danum Valley plant area index between 60 m and 70 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai_60_70m: Plant area index between 60 m and 70 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Danum_pai_70_80m.tifDescription: Danum Valley plant area index between 70 m and 80 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_pai_70_80m)Description: Danum Valley plant area index between 70 m and 80 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_pai_70_80m: Plant area index between 70 m and 80 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Danum_point_density.tifDescription: Danum Valley LiDAR point densityThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Danum_point_density)Description: Danum Valley LiDAR point densityNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Danum_point_density: LiDAR point density (Field type: numeric)Maliau_acd.tifDescription: Maliau above-ground carbon densityThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_acd)Description: Maliau above-ground carbon densityNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_acd: Above-ground carbon density (ACD) (Field type: numeric)Maliau_chm.tifDescription: Maliau canopy height modelThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_chm)Description: Maliau canopy height modelNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_chm: Canopy height model (CHM) (Field type: numeric)Maliau_dtm.tifDescription: Maliau digital terrain modelThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_dtm)Description: Maliau digital terrain modelNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_dtm: Digital terrain model (DTM) (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pad_n_layers.tifDescription: Maliau number of discrete plant area density layersThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pad_n_layers)Description: Maliau maximum canopy heightNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pad_n_layers: Plant area density number of layers (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pad_canopy_height.tifDescription: Maliau maximum canopy heightThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pad_canopy_height)Description: Maliau plant area density kurtosisNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pad_canopy_height: Maximum canopy height (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pad_kurt.tifDescription: Maliau plant area density kurtosisThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pad_kurt)Description: Maliau plant area density meanNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pad_kurt: Plant area density kurtosis (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pad_mean.tifDescription: Maliau plant area density meanThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pad_mean)Description: Maliau number of discrete plant area density layersNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pad_mean: Plant area density central height (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pad_shannon.tifDescription: Maliau plant area density shannon indexThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pad_shannon)Description: Maliau plant area density shannon indexNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pad_shannon: Plant area density Shannon index (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pad_shape.tifDescription: Maliau plant area density shapeThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pad_shape)Description: Maliau plant area density shapeNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pad_shape: Plant area density shape (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pad_skew.tifDescription: Maliau plant area density skewThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pad_skew)Description: Maliau plant area density skewNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pad_skew: Plant area density skew (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pad_std.tifDescription: Maliau plant area density standard deviationThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pad_std)Description: Maliau plant area density standard deviationNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pad_std: Plant area density standard deviation (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai.tifDescription: Maliau plant area indexThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai)Description: Maliau plant area indexNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai: Plant area index (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai_02_10m.tifDescription: Maliau plant area index between 2 m and 10 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai_02_10m)Description: Maliau plant area index between 2 m and 10 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai_02_10m: Plant area index between 2 m and 10 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai_10_20m.tifDescription: Maliau plant area index between 10 m and 20 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai_10_20m)Description: Maliau plant area index between 10 m and 20 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai_10_20m: Plant area index between 10 m and 20 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai_20_30m.tifDescription: Maliau plant area index between 20 m and 30 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai_20_30m)Description: Maliau plant area index between 20 m and 30 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai_20_30m: Plant area index between 20 m and 30 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai_30_40m.tifDescription: Maliau plant area index between 30 m and 40 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai_30_40m)Description: Maliau plant area index between 30 m and 40 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai_30_40m: Plant area index between 30 m and 40 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai_40_50m.tifDescription: Maliau plant area index between 40 m and 50 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai_40_50m)Description: Maliau plant area index between 40 m and 50 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai_40_50m: Plant area index between 40 m and 50 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai_50_60m.tifDescription: Maliau plant area index between 50 m and 60 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai_50_60m)Description: Maliau plant area index between 50 m and 60 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai_50_60m: Plant area index between 50 m and 60 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai_60_70m.tifDescription: Maliau plant area index between 60 m and 70 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai_60_70m)Description: Maliau plant area index between 60 m and 70 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai_60_70m: Plant area index between 60 m and 70 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Maliau_pai_70_80m.tifDescription: Maliau plant area index between 70 m and 80 m above groundThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_pai_70_80m)Description: Maliau plant area index between 70 m and 80 m above groundNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_pai_70_80m: Plant area index between 70 m and 80 m above ground (Field type: numeric)Maliau_point_density.tifDescription: Maliau LiDAR point densityThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet Maliau_point_density)Description: Maliau LiDAR point densityNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Maliau_point_density: LiDAR point density (Field type: numeric)SAFE_acd.tifDescription: SAFE above-ground carbon densityThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for raster (described in worksheet SAFE_acd)Description: SAFE above-ground carbon densityNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: SAFE_acd: Above-ground carbon density (ACD) (Field type: numeric)SAFE_pad_canopy_height.tifDescription: SAFE maximum canopy he

Data accompanying Milodowski et al. (Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021): "The impact of logging on vertical canopy structure across a gradient of tropical forest degradation intensity in Borneo"

Description: LiDAR point cloud data: LiDAR point clouds for the GEM inventory plots across SAFE, Maliau Conservation Area and Danum Valley in Malaysian Borneo. The georeferenced point clouds were produced following a survey by the Natural Environment Research Council Airborne Research Facility in 2014, noise points were removed and ground points classified using Lastools. Digital terrain models (DTM) were produced from classified ground points at 10 m resolution. Point clouds were normalised (through ground subtraction) to produce point heights relative to the local ground elevation. Crown surveys: In each plot, the positions and heights of all trees with a stem diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were mapped using ground-based Field-Map technology (IFER, Ltd., Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic) in 2016. We mapped individual tree crowns by measuring 5-30 spatial positions, representing the boundary of a crown projected onto the horizontal plane. Crown projections were smoothed using the "smooth contour line" feature of Field-Map software v.11.Small stem inventories: At SAFE and Maliau Basin, DBH was measured for all stems >2 cm for 4-5 of the subplots in each GEM plot in 2012-2013 (in the manuscript, we used the average stem size distributions to estimate canopy volume contributions for the un-surveyed subplots). At the Danum Valley sites, DBH was measured for all subplots in a stem census comprising all stems >1 cm in 2011=2012 (DAN-04) and 2013-2014 (DAN-05), as part of the ForestGEO 50 ha inventory plot. Full data from Danum Valley is available, subject to conditions of usage, from the ForestGEO data portal: http://ctfs.si.edu/datarequest/.Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying functional trait distributions across the disturbance gradientFunding: These data were collected as part of research funded by: Natural Environmental Research Council (Human Modified Tropical Forests Consortium Grant, NE/K016377/1)This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.Permits: These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence (Research licence Unknown))XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available hereFiles: This dataset consists of 2 files: data_archive_for_JApplEcol_Milodowski_2021.xlsx, Carbon_plot_point_cloud_buffer.lasdata_archive_for_JApplEcol_Milodowski_2021.xlsxThis file contains dataset metadata and 6 data tables:Attribute table for GEM plot crown surveys (described in worksheet GEM_crown_surveys)Description: Field inventory of GEM plots with measurement of positions, heights, DBH and individual tree crowns for trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) > 10 cm.Number of fields: 15Number of data rows: 4155Fields: SAFEPlotName: SAFE plot name (Field type: location)Plot: GEM plot name (Field type: id)Subplot: Subplot ID (Field type: id)FieldMap_census_date: Date of survey (Field type: date)X_m_FieldMapcensus: Relative location within subplot (Field type: numeric)Y_m_FieldMapcensus: Relative location within subplot (Field type: numeric)Z_m_FieldMapcensus: Relative location within subplot (Field type: numeric)DBH_cm_FieldMapcensus: DBH (Field type: numeric)Height_m_FieldMapcensus: Tree height (Field type: numeric)CrownProjection_Area_m2_FieldMapcensus: Projected Area of Crown (Field type: numeric)Note_FieldMapcensus: Field notes (Field type: comments)Standing_dead_FieldMapcensus: Standing dead trees labelled with Y (other trees with N) (Field type: categorical)Broken_dead_FieldMapcensus: Broken dead trees labelled with Y (other trees with N) (Field type: categorical)Lying_dead_FieldMapcensus: Fallen dead trees labelled with Y (other trees with N) (Field type: categorical)Broken_live_FieldMapcensus: Broken, but alive trees labelled with a Y (other trees with N) (Field type: categorical)Attribute table for small stem surveys at SAFE/Maliau GEM plots (described in worksheet SAFE_small_tree_census)Description: Small stem survey data for the small tree census carried out for subplots at SAFE and Maliau GEM plotsNumber of fields: 20Number of data rows: 2181Fields: SAFEPlotName: SAFE plot name (Field type: location)Plot: GEM plot name (Field type: id)SUBPLOT: Subplot ID (Field type: id)CensusDate: Date of census (Field type: date)Observers: Observers (Field type: comments)TreeTagNumber: Tree Identification Number (Tag number) (Field type: id)D.POM_NSdirection: Diameter at point of measurement (POM) in north-south direction (Field type: numeric)D.POM_EWdirection: Diameter at point of measurement (POM) in east-west direction (Field type: numeric)H.POM: Height of the diameter measurement (default is 1.3 m) (Field type: numeric)HEIGHT: Height of tree (Field type: numeric)FLAG1: Census flag (status of the tree) (Field type: comments)COMMENTS: Comments from field survey (Field type: comments)DH_Liana_NSdirection: Additional diameter measurements for lianas (Field type: comments)DH_Liana_EWdirection: Additional diameter measurements for lianas (Field type: numeric)DMax_Liana_NSdirection: Additional diameter measurements for lianas (Field type: numeric)DMax_Liana_EWdirection: Additional diameter measurements for lianas (Field type: numeric)LeafSampleCollected: Flag to specify whether leaf sample taken (Y-yes; P-photo; N-not possible) (Field type: categorical)Comments_DataEntry: Comment on data entry (Field type: comments)CombinedCode: Combined tree code (plot and tree number) (Field type: id)Species: Species ID (Field type: comments)Attribute table for stem surveys at DAN04 (described in worksheet Danum_census_DAN04)Description: Stem survey data for DAN04 (SAFE plot name: Car_D1)Number of fields: 19Number of data rows: 4590Fields: SAFEPlotName: SAFE plot name (Field type: location)Plot: GEM plot name (Field type: id)Subplot: Subplot number (Field type: id)Date: Date measured (Field type: date)x_coord: Relative x coordinate within subplot (Field type: numeric)y_coord: Relative y coordinate within subplot (Field type: numeric)Tag_6digit: Tree identification tag (Field type: id)Species_6char: Species code (Field type: id)NumberOfStem: Number of stems (Field type: numeric)Diameter_MainStem_mm: Diameter of main stem (Field type: numeric)Codes: Further flags (Field type: comments)Notes: Field notes (Field type: comments)Diameter_Stem1_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem2_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem3_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem4_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem5_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem6_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem7_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Attribute table for stem surveys at DAN05 (described in worksheet Danum_census_DAN05)Description: Stem survey data for DAN05 (SAFE plot name: Car_D2)Number of fields: 16Number of data rows: 5562Fields: SAFEPlotName: SAFE plot name (Field type: location)Plot: GEM plot name (Field type: id)Subplot: Subplot number (Field type: id)Date: Date measured (Field type: date)x_coord: Relative x coordinate within subplot (Field type: numeric)y_coord: Relative y coordinate within subplot (Field type: numeric)Tag_6digit: Tree identification tag (Field type: id)Species_6char: Species code (Field type: id)NumberOfStem: Number of stems (Field type: numeric)Diameter_MainStem_mm: Diameter of main stem (Field type: numeric)Codes: Further flags (Field type: comments)Notes: Field notes (Field type: comments)Diameter_Stem1_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem2_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem3_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)Diameter_Stem4_mm: Additional stem diameters (for multiple stems) (Field type: numeric)GEM plot coordinates (described in worksheet GEM_plot_GPS_corner_coordinates)Description: Corner coordinates for the GEM plot, measured with GPSNumber of fields: 6Number of data rows: 40Fields: SAFEPlotName: Location (Field type: location)Plot: Plot name (Field type: id)x_relative: x coordinate relative to plot origin (Field type: numeric)y_relative: y coordinate relative to plot origin (Field type: numeric)x_utm: x coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)y_utm: y_coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)GEM plot subplot coordinates (described in worksheet GEM_subplot_fitted_coordinates)Description: GEM subplot coordinates derived from corner GPS locations, using least squares affine transformationNumber of fields: 13Number of data rows: 200Fields: SAFEPlotName: SAFE plot name (Field type: location)Plot: GEM plot name (Field type: id)Subplot: Subplot number (Field type: id)x11: x coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)y11: y coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)x12: x coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)y12: y coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)x22: x coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)y22: y coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)x21: x coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)y21: y coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)x11_close: x coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)y11_close: y coordinate in UTM 50N (Field type: numeric)Carbon_plot_point_cloud_buffer.lasDescription: las file containing GEM carbon plot point clouds clipped SAFE, Maliau Basin and Danum Valley monitoring sitesThis file contains 1 data tables:Attribute table for lidar point cloud (described in worksheet GEM_plot_lidar)Description: GEM carbon plot point clouds for SAFE, Maliau Basin and Danum Valley monitoring sitesNumber of fields: 1Number of data rows: Unavailable (table metadata description only).Fields: Carbon_plot_point_cloud_buffer: LiDAR point cloud data covering the GEM plots (Field type: numeric)Date range: 2001-09-15 to 2016-10-23Latitudinal extent: 4.6000 to 5.0000Longitudinal extent: 116.9000 to 117.900