1,380 research outputs found
Spectroscopic Sensitivity
We describe the overall performance of the STIS CCD after HST Servicing Mission #4 and the associated updates to calibration reference files. Most aspects of CCD performance are found to be fairly consistent with extrapolations of the trends seen prior to the failure of STIS in August 2004. The CCD gain value for the CCDGAIN = 4 setting has been redetermined using net count ratios of standard star spectra taken in the CCDGAIN = 1 and CCDGAIN = 4 settings, resulting in a gain value of 4.016 ± 0.003 e â /DN, which is 0.5% lower than the value used for the calibration of archival STIS CCD data taken before August 2004. Finally, we identify two independent indications of a temperature dependence of the Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE). However, more calibration data are needed to verify the significance of this effect and, if verified, to calibrate it as a function of CCD housing temperature (as a proxy for CCD chip temperature). This option will be reassessed later during the Cycle 17 calibration program.
Limits on the Optical Brightness of the Epsilon Eridani Dust Ring
The STIS/CCD camera on the {\em Hubble Space Telescope (HST)} was used to
take deep optical images near the K2V main-sequence star Eridani in
an attempt to find an optical counterpart of the dust ring previously imaged by
sub-mm observations. Upper limits for the optical brightness of the dust ring
are determined and discussed in the context of the scattered starlight expected
from plausible dust models. We find that, even if the dust is smoothly
distributed in symmetrical rings, the optical surface brightness of the dust,
as measured with the {\em HST}/STIS CCD clear aperture at 55 AU from the star,
cannot be brighter than about 25 STMAG/". This upper limit excludes some
solid grain models for the dust ring that can fit the IR and sub-mm data.
Magnitudes and positions for 59 discrete objects between 12.5" to 58"
from Eri are reported. Most if not all of these objects are likely
to be background stars and galaxies.Comment: Revision corrects author lis
Are models of catalytic removal of O_3 by HO_x accurate? Constraints from in situ measurements of the OH to HO_2 ratio
Measurements of the ratio OH/HO_2, NO, O_3, ClO, and BrO were obtained at altitudes from 15â20 km and latitudes from 15â60°N. A method is presented for interpreting these simultaneous in situ observations that constrains the rates of chemical transformations that 1) are responsible for over half the ozone removal rate in the lower stratosphere via reactions of HO_2 and 2) control the abundance of HO_2 through coupling to nitrogen and halogen radicals. The results show our understanding of the chemical reactions controlling the partitioning of OH and HO_2 is complete and accurate and that the potential effects of âmissing chemistryâ are strictly constrained in the region of the atmosphere encompassed by the observations. The analysis demonstrates that the sensitivity of the ratio OH/HO_2 to changes in NO is described to within 12% by current models. This reduces by more than a factor of 2 the effect of uncertainty in the coupling of hydrogen and nitrogen radicals on the analysis of the potential effects of perturbations to odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere
Testing Rotational Mixing Predictions with New Boron Abundances in Main Sequence B-type Stars
(Abridged) New boron abundances for seven main-sequence B-type stars are
determined from HST STIS spectroscopy around the BIII 2066A line. Boron
abundances provide a unique and critical test of stellar evolution models that
include rotational mixing since boron is destroyed in the surface layers of
stars through shallow mixing long before other elements are mixed from the
stellar interior through deep mixing. Boron abundances range from 12+log(B/H) =
1.0 to 2.2. The boron abundances are compared to the published values of their
stellar nitrogen abundances (all have 12+log(N/H) < 7.8, i.e., they do not show
significant CNO-mixing) and to their host cluster ages (4 to 16 Myr) to
investigate the predictions from models of massive star evolution with
rotational mixing effects (Heger & Langer 2000). Only three stars (out of 34)
deviate from the model predictions, including HD36591, HD205021, and HD30836.
These three stars suggest that rotational mixing could be more efficient than
currently modelled at the highest rotation rates.Comment: 10 figures, 7 tables; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Stratification and Isotope Separation in CP Stars
We investigate the elemental and isotopic stratification in the atmospheres
of selected chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper main sequence.
Reconfiguration of the UVES spectrograph in 2004 has made it possible to
examine all three lines of the Ca II infrared triplet. Much of the material
analyzed was obtained in 2008.
We support the claim of Ryabchikova, Kochukhov & Bagnulo (RKB) that the
calcium isotopes have distinct stratification profiles for the stars 10 Aql, HR
1217, and HD 122970, with the heavy isotope concentrated toward the higher
layers. Better observations are needed to learn the extent to which Ca-40
dominates in the deepest layers of all or most CP stars that show the presence
of Ca-48. There is little evidence for Ca-40 in the spectra of some HgMn stars,
and the infrared triplet in the magnetic star HD 101065 is well fit by pure
Ca-48. In HR 5623 (HD 133792) and HD 217522 it is likely that the heavy isotope
dominates, though models are possible where this is not the case.
While elemental stratification is surely needed in many cases, we point out
the importance of including adjustments in the assumed Teff and log(g) values,
in attempts to model stratification. We recommend emphasis on profiles of the
strongest lines, where the influence of stratification is most evident.
Isotopic mixtures, involving the 4 stable calcium nuclides with masses
between 40 and 48 are plausible, but are not emphasized.Comment: 16 Pages, 20 Figures, 10 Tables. Accepted for publication in Monthly
Notices of the RA
Turbulent spectrum of the Earth's ozone field
The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) database is subjected to an
analysis in terms of the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) empirical eigenfunctions. The
concentration variance spectrum is transformed into a wavenumber spectrum, . In terms of wavenumber is shown to be in the
inverse cascade regime, in the enstrophy cascade regime with the
spectral {\it knee} at the wavenumber of barotropic instability.The spectrum is
related to known geophysical phenomena and shown to be consistent with physical
dimensional reasoning for the problem. The appropriate Reynolds number for the
phenomena is .Comment: RevTeX file, 4 pages, 4 postscript figures available upon request
from Richard Everson <[email protected]
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