Woman’s Experience of Childbirth: Qualitative analysis from data derived from the 30-Item-Birth-Satisfaction-Scale

Background: The 30-Item-Birth-Satisfaction-Scale (30- item-BSS) was developed to evaluate women’s experiences of childbirth. Objective: To thematically analysethe qualitative responses to questions comprising the 30-item BSS questionnaire, and to identify whether the qualitative responses in anyway harmonized with experiences reported within the quantitative portion of the 30-item-BSS. Study design: The focus of our enquiry was the analysis of secondary data from (n=115) participants who completed the 30-item-BSS questionnairein which respondents provided textual comments to the quantitative questions in order to draw separate qualitative analysis of birth satisfaction. Line-by-line thematic coding was conducted to classify each written comment into a theme. Themes representing birth satisfaction were subsequently analysed using constant comparative analysis to differentiate birth satisfaction classifications that range from high to low; Exceptional, Good, Satisfactory, Unsatisfactory. Participants: The completed questionnaires (30-tem-BSS) was completed by a convenience sample of postnatal women (<10 days postpartum) who had delivered a healthy term infant. Findings:The experiences for childbirth were ultimately classified as Exceptional for 4 women, Good for 39 women, Satisfactory for 36 women, and Unsatisfactory for 17 women. Key conclusions:We found that qualitative 3 / 6 data synchronizedfavourably with data from the quantitative aspect of the BSS. Implications for Practice: Two versions of the BSS are available: (1) The psychometrically valid and reliable 10- item-BSS from which scores can be correlated with other validated measures, and (2) The 30-item-BSS designed to assess individual women’s experiences prior to in-depth qualitative work. Both scales are available from the second author

Implicit response-irrelevant number information triggers the SNARC effect : Evidence using a neural overlap paradigm

Peer reviewedPostprin

A global agenda for household water security: measurement, monitoring, and management

Water scholarship has advanced considerably in recent decades. Despite this remarkable progress, water challenges may be growing more quickly than our capacity to solve them. While much progress has been made toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 — water and sanitation for all — new stressors have emerged to threaten this progress. Far from being a problem of the Global South, recent research shows that water insecurity is very much a global phenomenon — and one that has been, until recently, seriously neglected in the Global North. This indicates a strong need for innovative measurement of who experiences water insecurity, new approaches for monitoring the efficacy of water interventions, and more effective management of complex, mobile, and multiple water infrastructures to achieve water security. In this paper, we introduce the Household Water Insecurity approach to addressing these concerns. First, we suggest ways to improve the measurement of water insecurity — pinpointing problems at the household and individual levels — in ways that can inform policymaking with improved precision. Second, we discuss ways that new information and communication technology can improve monitoring and indicate where water infrastructure repairs and investments are most needed. Third, we highlight the need for new approaches to managing complex water infrastructures in more inclusive and democratic ways