Furthering Women in Policing: How a Police Department\u27s Duty Firearm Selection Process May Mitigate the Gender Disparity in Marksmanship

Previous research has revealed that there are several benefits to increasing the representation of women in law enforcement, including less use of force, increased community trust, and better outcomes for domestic violence and sexual assault victims. While many police departments now recognize these benefits and are aiming to recruit more women, a problem persists because women are less likely to graduate from police academies than their male counterparts. A significant difference has been observed in the area of marksmanship, particularly, with more female recruits failing to meet firearm scoring standards. Currently, very little is known about how police departments select a duty firearm. However, selecting a firearm that better serves both female and male officers may be one potential way to mitigate the gender disparity that exists in marksmanship scoring. This study analyzed how marksmanship scores changed in one municipal police department following a new firearm selection process in which both male and female officers were able to provide input on possible duty firearm options. Results showed that while there was still a gender disparity in marksmanship scoring following the adoption of the new firearm, the disparity was significantly smaller than before. These findings suggest police departments may be able to increase the number of female recruits and officers they retain by choosing a duty firearm that both women and men feel comfortable with using

THE EXISTENCE OF ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION IN CREDIT ANALYSIS OF THE COMMUNITY CREDIT BANK (CCB)

Asymmetric information in credit market existence arises when the bank is not able to identify borrower based on the probability of repayment. This situation can cause credit defaults. The high of nonperforming loan in CCB credit market refers to the high of credit defaults which indicate the existence of asymmetric information in CCB credit analysis. This research empirically identifies asymmetric information in CCB credit analysis which the objective is to analyze how the indicators of credit analysis can explain the quality of borrower credit collectability. The hypothesis of the research is the indicators of credit analysis cannot explain the quality of borrower credit collectability.Survey is conducted randomly to 36 of CCB in 6 provinces in Java Island that represent incorporate CCB which member of Indonesian CCB association. Unit analyses of the research are 2.268 borrower bundle credit accounts. Frequency and cross tabulation statistics are used to do descriptive analysis, since binary logistic regression is used todo the verification analysis. Test results showed that less than 20% variation of dependent variables can be explained by 26 independent variables in logistic regression model research. It is stated that the indicators of credit analysis that is used during BPR can only explain less than 20% the quality of borrower credit collectability being good or default. More than 80% variations in the quality of borrower credit collectability can not be precisely described by the indicators of credit analysis in the model. This indicates that the BPR is not able to identify the borrower based on the probability level of credit payments. Analysisof indicators of credit used by the BPR was not able to produce signals that can identify borrowers based on the probability level of credit payments. The results of this study stated that there are asymmetric information on credit analysis of BPR

Precision Assessment of Tactile On-Machine Inspection for Milling Operations

The manufacturing industry faces customer demands for increased product quality and individuality to be economically successful. Established processes on the shop floor cannot overcome resulting challenges. Due to the increased quality requirements, potentially more products must be checked regarding their requirement fulfilment. In addition, customer individuality increases the number and rate of product releases. During product releases, the quality of the product is checked. Coordinate measuring machines are usually used for the quality assessment of milling processes. However, these are only suitable in the area of high quantities per batch due to downtimes of the milling machine while assessing product quality. On-machine inspection systems show particular strengths when a high proportion of the manufactured products have to be inspected and potentially reworked. These systems are criticized for their poor accuracy compared to coordinate measuring machines. This paper demonstrates the accuracy and repeatability of a tactile system in a field test at a tool manufacturer. Based on the test results, the tactile on-machine inspection system is compared with conventional coordinate measuring machines. Finally, the application area and its limits are identified for tactile on-machine inspection systems

Qualidade de plantas medicinais comercializadas em estabelecimentos de produtos naturais na cidade de Toledo/PR / Quality of medicinal plants in natural products stores in Toledo/PR city

O uso da fitoterapia tem se tornado uma prática crescente em diversos países, inclusive no Brasil. Os fitoterápicos são produtos que envolvem plantas medicinais e são encontrados de diversas formas, como chás preparados a partir de plantas frescas ou secas, ou através de formas mais elaboradas como gotas, cápsulas e elixires. Considerando a necessidade de conhecer as características das plantas medicinais disponibilizadas no comércio de produtos naturais, o trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a qualidade de cinco plantas medicinais vendidas em estabelecimentos de produtos naturais no município de Toledo. Para alcançar os resultados do problema de pesquisa, buscou-se analisar a qualidade das seguintes plantas medicinais: boldo (Plectranthus barbatus Andr.), erva cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.), hortelã (Mentha spp.), macela (Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC.) e tansagem (Plantago major L.), as quais foram escolhidas com base em um estudo anterior. Para o controle dos produtos adquiridos foram avaliadas as características macroscópicas e microscópicas, análise de materiais estranhos, determinação de umidade, teor de cinzas, e identificação da presença de metabólitos secundários: taninos, saponinas, flavonoides e alcaloides. Com relação à macela, foi possível observar que o material vegetal comercializado no estabelecimento C tratava-se de cavalinha (Equisetum sp.) sendo assim, dispensada de forma incorreta. Entre as amostras analisadas foram encontradas variações de 1,0 a 41,4% (m/m) para materiais estranhos e detectados apenas flavonoides em todos os produtos. Os resultados laboratoriais não foram satisfatórios, pois todas as amostras reprovaram em ao menos um dos requisitos avaliados no controle de qualidade. Demonstra-se assim a necessidade de aumentar a vigilância quanto ao comércio de produtos naturais

DETERMINAÇÃO DO PERÍODO DE ESTABILIDADE DE SOLUÇÕES VOLUMÉTRICAS ROTINEIRAMENTE UTILIZADAS EM LABORATÓRIOS DE ANÁLISES QUÍMICAS

As soluções volumétricas são rotineiramente utilizadas nos laboratórios, principalmente nos processos de síntese de produtos e nas análises quantitativas de matéria-prima e/ou produto acabado, entretanto poucos são os estudos que abordam a estabilidade destas soluções. Considerando que a qualidade das soluções volumétricas pode afetar os procedimentos de análises químicas e consequentemente induzir a erros, e ainda que, a Farmacopeia Brasileira (2010) não cita tempo máximo de utilização dessas soluções padronizadas, a avaliação da estabilidade das mesmas é importante. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidadede 10 soluções volumétricas, empregadas rotineiramente em laboratórios de análises químicas, com o intuito de estabelecer o período que essas soluções permanecem estáveis, isto é, sem sofrer alteração na concentração. As metodologias de preparo e padronização das soluções volumétricas seguiram os métodos descritos na Farmacopeia Brasileira (2010), sendo as mesmas padronizadas no momento do preparo e a cada 20 dias, por um período de 180 dias. As soluções contendo ácidos e bases, bem como as soluções de iodato de potássio e nitrato de prata, permaneceram constantes durante o período de análises. As soluções de EDTA, iodo, nitrito de sódio, permanganato de potássio e tiossulfato de sódio apresentaram estabilidade inferior a 180 dias, tornando necessária a realização de padronização periódica. As soluções volumétricas utilizadas nos laboratórios apresentam diferentes estabilidades, o que ressalta a importância da determinação do período que as mesmas se mantêmcom as concentrações estáveis, evitando possíveis alterações de resultados nas análises químicas

AUGMENTED EXPERIENCE TO DISSEMINATE CULTURAL HERITAGE: HOUSE OF COMMONS WINDOWS, PARLIAMENT HILL NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE (CANADA)

The use of photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning for building information modelling (BIM) in the documentation and conservation of Cultural Heritage (CH) is now well established. By combining BIM with the latest visualization technologies, powerful, semi-immersive experiences can be developed to enhance the dissemination of CH. In semi-immersive experiences such as Augmented Reality (AR), digital content can be overlapped on to physical spaces, providing a new way to interact with both the physical space and the digital content. This paper discusses the translation of a digital object created using BIM, into a physical object and the utilisation of this physical object as a trigger for an AR experience. The case study looks at one of the neo- Gothic window frames from the House of Commons in the Centre Block of the Parliament Hill National Historic Site, in Ottawa, Canada. The window frame is one in a series that represents a Canadian province or territory with a stained glass feature that includes floral emblems and heraldic symbols from the respective provincial or territorial shield. The frame in this case study corresponds to the stained glass window of five provinces. Using the replica frame as a target, the user can select which stained glass windows they would like to view in the AR application. Through these combined technologies, we argue that CH can be revealed in a more interactive way and therefore more engaging manner &ndash; making even inaccessible architectural details readily available to the public.</p

Termination of atrial flutter by directed transesophageal atrial pacing during transesophageal echocardiography: Terminierung von Vorhofflattern mit gerichteter transösophagealer Vorhofstimulation bei transösophagealer Echokardiographie

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate termination of atrial flutter (AFL) by directed rapid transesophageal atrial pacing (TAP) with and without simultaneous transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) performed using a novel TEE tube electrode. Materials and methods, and Results: A total of 16 AFL patients (age 63"12 years; 13 males) with mean AFL cycle length of 224"24 ms (ns12) and mean ventricular cycle length of 448"47 ms (ns12) were analyzed using either an esophageal TO electrode (ns10) or a novel TEE tube electrode consisting of a tube with four hemispherical electrodes that is pulled over the echo probe (ns6). AFL could be terminated by directed rapid TAP using an esophageal TO electrode, leading to induction of atrial fibrillation (AF) (ns6), induction of AF and spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm (SR) (ns3), and with conversion to SR (ns1). AFL could also be terminated by directed rapid TAP using the TEE tube electrode, with induction of AF (ns3) or induction of AF and pontaneous conversion to SR (ns3). Conclusion: AFL can be terminated by directed rapid TAP with hemispherical electrodes with and without simultaneous TEE. TAP with the directed TEE tube electrode is a safe, simple, and useful method for terminating AFL