Interactions Between Forage, Recruitment and Activity Patterns of the Indian Blackbuck

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Morphometric Analysis of Histoarchitectural Changes in Cholecystitis

BACKGROUND : Cholecystitis appears to be increasing in incidence in India and western world. It is predominantly seen in fatty fertile forty years female. Based on the presence of gall stones, they are classified as calculous and acalculouscholecystitis. In this study, an attempt was made to morphometricallyanalyse thepredominant histoarchitecturalchanges in both calculous and acalculouscholecystitiswith comparison to normal human gall bladders received from autopsy subjects. METHODS : In the present study, 75cases and75 control gall bladder specimens were obtained, processedand stained with hematoxylin and eosin. After routine histopathological approach, they were subjected to morphometric analysis using IS capture software. Predominant histopathological alterations in various layers of gall bladder were studied and estimated in microns. Finally, the results were expressed in percentage with comparison to control groups. RESULTS : Our study showed female preponderance with M: F of 1:7.16. In both calculous and acalculouscholecystitis, changes like epithelial hyperplasia, erosion, intactness , lamina propria thickness, irregularity & gap, R.A sinus and inflammatory infiltrates in each layers were noted and estimated. On the behalf of statistical evidence, both calculousvs control and acalculousvs control are highly significant. CONCLUSION : In this morphometric study, all the predominant histopathological changes (except irregularity and gap) were found to be relatively more in calculouscholecystitis than acalculouscholecystitis with comparison to age and gender based control group which showed significantly minimal alterations

Effectiveness of Tulsi Leaves Powder upon Blood Glucose Level in Diabetic Patients

A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Tulsi Leaves (Ocimum Sanctum) Powder Upon Blood Glucose Level in Diabetic Patients at Selected Wards of Thiruverkadu Township, Chennai. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the blood glucose level before and after administration of tulsi leaves powder in control and experimental group of diabetic patients 2. To determine the effectiveness of tulsi leaves powder upon blood glucose level by comparing the blood glucose level before and after administration of tulsi leaves powder in control and experimental group of diabetic patients. 3. To determine the level of satisfaction regarding tulsi leaves powder administration among experimental group of diabetic patients. 4. To find out the association between the selected demographic variables and blood glucose level before and after administration of tulsi leaves powder in control and experimental group of diabetic patients. 5. To find out the association between the selected clinical variables and blood glucose level before and after administration of tulsi leaves powder in control and experimental group of diabetic patients. A quasi experimental design was adopted for this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 in control group from keelayanambakkam and 30 in experimental group from 14th ward of Thiruverkadu Township. The blood glucose assessment chart and rating scale for level of satisfaction on administration of tulsi leaves powder were the tools used to collect data, after establishing validity and reliability. The main data collection was done after determining the feasibility and practicability through pilot study. The diabetic patients were identified through door to door enumeration. The blood glucose level was checked for both control and experimental group before and after administration of tulsi leaves powder. Tulsi leaves were freshly plucked from the plants, washed, dried under the shadow and powdered in a mixer. 2.5g of this powder is mixed with 10ml of plain water and was administered every day orally on empty stomach for four weeks and their level of satisfaction on tulsi leaves powder was assessed. The data was tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: • Significant percentage of diabetic patients were in age group between 41 to 50 (43.3%, 33.4%), female (53.4.7%,46.6%), Hindus (50%, 53.4%), had High school education (30%, 33.4%), occupation as home makers (53.4%, 46.7%), and majority were married (90%, 93.2%), with monthly income between 5001 to 10,000 (66.7%, 76.6%), nonvegetarians (100%, 100%), non smokers (66.6%, 80%) and non alcoholics (70%, 76.6%) in control and experimental group respectively. • Most of the diabetic patients had no family history of diabetes (56.6%, 73.4%), not on diabetic diet (40%, 66.6%), with height 156 to 160 cm (46.6, 70%), significant percentage of the diabetic patients had been suffering from diabetes mellitus for a duration between 1 to 2 yrs (36.6%, 53.4%), with BMI between 22.6 to 29.9 (50%, 50%), had body weight between 51-60 kg (46.6%, 43.4.7%), and majority of the patients was on oral hypoglycemic agents (100%, 100%), absence of comorbidities (63.4%, 73.4%), not performing regular exercise (66.6%, 73.4%) and not on other alternative or complementary therapy (100%, 100%). • Majority of the diabetic patients in the control and experimental group had mild level of fasting blood glucose (86.67%, 90%) and most of them had moderate level of postprandial blood glucose (73.4%, 80%) before tulsi leaves powder administration. But there was a significant difference in the experimental group, as all the diabetic patients had mild level of fasting blood glucose (100%) and majority of them had mild level of postprandial blood glucose (93.3%) after tulsi leaves powder administration. Whereas in control group most of the diabetic patients had mild level of fasting blood glucose (83.3%) and moderate level of postprandial blood glucose (83.3%) in the post assessment. This could be attributed to the effectiveness of tulsi leaves powder administration. • In control group there was no significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of fasting blood glucose (M=164.7, 169.9 & SD=11.77, 11.24) and postprandial blood glucose (M=231.7, 244.1 & SD=25.40, 23.24) before and after tulsi leaves powder administration. Whereas experimental group showed a significant difference (p<0.001) in the mean and standard deviation of fasting blood glucose (M=169.4, 117 & SD=7.90, 3.91) and postprandial blood glucose (M=239.8, 166.8 & SD=24.34, 19.93) before and after administration of tulsi leaves powder and it can be attributed to the effectiveness of tulsi leaves powder administration. Hence the null hypothesis Ho1 was rejected. • All of the diabetic patients in the experimental group were highly satisfied (100%) with regard to researcher, with regard to the method of tulsi leaves powder administration (100%), with regard to the effectiveness of tulsi leaves powder administration (100%) respectively. And most of the diabetic patients were highly satisfied with the nature of tulsi leaves powder (96.67%). • There was a significant association between the selected demographic variables of age (χ2 = 7.45, df= 2), (p<0.05) and fasting blood glucose levels of diabetic patients before in pre test in control group, but there was no significant association with other demographic variables. Hence the null hypothesis Ho2 was rejected with regard to age. • There was a significant association between the selected demographic variables of age (χ2 = 6.039, df= 2), (p<0.05) years and post prandial blood glucose levels, occupational status (χ2 = 6.868, df= 2), (p<0.05) and post prandial blood glucose levels of diabetic patients in post test in control group and experimental group, but the association with other demographic variables were not significant. Hence the null hypothesis Ho2 was rejected with regard to age in years and occupational status. • There was a significant association between the selected clinical variables of height (χ2 = 7.339, df= 2), (p<0.05) and post prandial blood glucose levels of diabetic patients in pre test and post test in control group, but there was no significant association with other clinical variables. Hence the null hypothesis Ho3 was rejected with regard to height. • There was a significant association between the selected clinical variable duration of known period of diabetes (χ2 = 7.92, df= 2), (p < 0.05) and post prandial blood glucose levels of diabetic patients after administration of tulsi leaves powder in experimental group, but there was no significant association with other clinical variables. Hence the null hypothesis Ho3 was rejected with regard to duration of known period of diabetes. RECOMMENDATIONS: The researcher recommends the following studies in the field of nursing research: 1. The same study could be conducted on larger samples for better generalization. 2. The same study could be conducted for patients with impaired blood glucose levels. 3. The study could be replicated in different settings. 4. A study could be conducted to assess the level of knowledge among nurses regarding the administration of tulsi leaves powder for the management of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 5. A similar study can be conducted with other traditional and herbal medicines

A study on triglyceride glucose index as a marker of insulin resistance

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has foremost clinical and social impact, but its causal pathophysiology is below par to be understood. The predominant, obesity related form of diabetes is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle, and elevated plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride levels. Because of the clinical importance of IR, the ability to identify individuals with IR before the development of cardiometabolic diseases is of paramount importance. Although the hyperinsulinemic euglycemia clamp remains the gold standard for measuring IR, its practical clinical application is limited by the labor intensiveness and cost and by ethical concerns. Therefore, a simple, reliable and reproducible index for measuring IR like “Triglyceride Glucose Index” is urgently required. The prime intention of this study is to evaluate TyG index as a surrogate method for estimation of Insulin Resistance (IR) and to establish TyG index’s correlation with adiposity, metabolic and atherosclerosis markers related to IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 adult patients, who came for diabetes screening are taken in to study and are grouped in to IR + and IR – based upon ATPIII criteria. Anthropometric, blood pressure, carotid intimal thickness and other biochemical parameters like lipid profile, fasting insulin, fasting and postprandial blood sugar were investigated. TyG index and HOMA IR were calculated accordingly. TyG index is compared to HOMA IR and its correlation with other anthropometric, metabolic and atherosclerotic markers are established. CONCLUSION: TyG index established a positive correlation with almost all anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters. There was a statistically significant correlation with Age, BMI, waist circumference, WHR, fasting and postprandial blood sugars and all the lipid parameters. However, blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) and carotid intimal thickness did not achieve significant correlations with these indices. TyG index cutoff was calculated. Those with 8.65 were definitely diabetics. TyG index also gave a positive correlation with HOMA IR; Indeed, the ROC curve analysis showed that TyG index had the largest AUC, thus demonstrating its superior performance in recognizing IR than HOMAIR. Hence TyG index is finally proven to have a superior hand in assessing insulin resistance and predicting diabetes and can be used as a efficient tool in our clinical setup

The Influence of Rice Husk and Tobacco Waste Biochars on Soil Quality

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural land threatens soil and food quality. Soil pollution could be remediate using biochar, but the effectiveness of biochar on soil quality improvement is determined by types of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. This study was aimed to explore the effect of different types of biochar on soil properties. Biochar from rice husk and tobacco waste was applied to soil contaminated with lead and mercury. This study was conducted at Sumber Brantas, Malang East Java, and used a completely randomized design with three replicates. Heavy metals content was measured using AAS. The results of measurements were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% and 1% significance levels. The initial analysis of the soil properties at the research site showed that the soil nutrient status was low, i.e. N (0.2 %), K (0.50 cmol+/kg), and CEC (5.9 me/100g) respectively, but soil pH was neutral (6.8). The research site also has crossed the threshold of heavy metal content for Hg (0.5 ppm), Pb (25.22 ppm), Cd (1.96 ppm), and As (0.78 ppm). Biochar added had a positive influence on soil characteristics improvement. It could increase the content of organic C, i.e. 35.12% and 31.81% and CEC (cation exchange capacity), i.e.30.56 me/100g and 28.13 me/100 g for rice husk biochar and tobacco waste biochar, respectively. However, N, P, and K contents were low i.e. N ( 0.33 and 0.30 %); P2O5 (148.79 and 152 ppm); K (1.58 and 2.11 mg/100g) for rice husk biochar and tobacco waste biochar, respectively

Zebrafish studies identify serotonin receptors mediating antiepileptic activity in Dravet syndrome.

Dravet syndrome is a life-threatening early-onset epilepsy not well controlled by antiepileptic drugs. Drugs that modulate serotonin (5-HT) signalling, including clemizole, locaserin, trazodone and fenfluramine, have recently emerged as potential treatment options for Dravet syndrome. To investigate the serotonin receptors that could moderate this antiepileptic activity, we designed and synthesized 28 novel analogues of clemizole, obtained receptor binding affinity profiles, and performed in vivo screening in a scn1lab mutant zebrafish (Danio rerio) model which recapitulates critical clinical features of Dravet syndrome. We discovered three clemizole analogues with 5-HT receptor binding that exert powerful antiepileptic activity. Based on structure-activity relationships and medicinal chemistry-based analysis, we then screened an additional set of known 5-HT receptor specific drug candidates. Integrating our in vitro and in vivo data implicates 5-HT2B receptors as a critical mediator in the mechanism of seizure suppression observed in Dravet syndrome patients treated with 5-HT modulating drugs

A Survey on Resource Allocation Techniques in Cloud Computing

Cloud is an important and emerging technology utilized by various fields for storing, processing and retrieving of data anywhere and anytime without any interruption. Cloud is now acting as a platform for many companies for storing and other computational purposes to reduce infrastructure and maintenance cost similarly they can utilize their application widely based on pay per use. To make available of data to all cloud users Resource Allocation (RA) is mandatory process. In cloud hardware, software and platform are the resources utilized to satisfy user needs hence sharing these resources according to users need is a difficult task. Cloud service provider and cloud service consumer plays the major role in RA. The parameters under resource allocation, its issues and challenges are needed to be analyzed deeply before implementing any optimizing approach in RA. Hence in this work various resource allocation methods have been studied and issues in it is analyzed and presented as a survey. This work is useful for both cloud users and researchers in overcoming the challenges faced in RA

Assessment of Allelopathic Potential of an Obnoxious Weed-Hyptis Suaveolens (l.) Piot. on the Seed Germination of Crops-Triticum Aestivum L. and Eleusine Coracana Gaertn

The plant, Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. commonly known as Wilayati tulsi belongs to the family Lamiaceae .The plant has been considered as an obnoxious weed, distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. It is naturalized in India and is considered as a potent invader. Although it has several medicinal properties and used in folklore remedies but its spread is so fast that in due course of its establishment it disrupts the recruitment pattern in the nearby occupied. Not only it restricts the area for other species but it increases livestock pressure on the native species because of its unpalatable nature due to presence of essential oils. However, no information is available in the literature on the allelopathic activity of this obnoxious weed on the germination of the crop plants like Triticum aestivum L., (wheat) and Eleusine coracana Gaertn., (Ragi). The allelopathy of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Piot., was studied by extracting the crude aqueous extracts- leachates from the leaves of this plant and 3 different concentrations – 0.01%, 0.25% and 1% of these extracts were assessed on the germination of test crops - Triticum aestivum L and Eleusine coracana Gaertn. The linear growth - Root length and Shoot length and the Fresh and Dry matter accumulation were recorded. The Growth equations- Percent Germination of seeds, Percentage Seed mortality, Relative Growth Ratio, Relative Elongation of Shoot, Relative Elongation of Roots, Relative Biomass Ratio and Seed Vigour index of seeds were calculated for the above test crops. The results show that the 1% leachate showed inhibition on all the above mentioned parameters analyzed in Wheat while the same 1% concentration in case of Ragi showed inhibitory effect on Percent Germination of seeds, Percentage Seed mortality, Relative Growth Ratio, Relative Elongation of Shoot and Relative Biomass Ratio While, the Relative Elongation of Roots and Seed Vigour index of seeds were promoted by the sam

The Potential of Wild Vegetation Species of Eleusine Indica L., and Sonchus Arvensis L. for Phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated Soil

Phytoremediation has been intensively studied due its costs effectiveness and environmentally sound. Studies of heavy metal pollution phytoremediation has been done in develop countries, but still limited in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the potential of wild plant species Eleusine indica L. and Sonchus arvensis L. as an agent of phytoremediation on Cd-contaminated soil. This study was done descriptively in Pujon, Malang, Indonesia, to test the ability of two species of wild plants E. indica and S. arvensis in absorbing Cd. Along this research, plant growth and the concentration of Cd in roots, stems and leaves, was monitored. Plant growth was measured every week for three months. The plant roots, stems, and leaves collected separately, then analyzed its Cd levels. The results showed that both of two species of wild plants grew well on soil contaminated Cd. Plant roots can accumulate higher Cd than the stem part. In addition, E indica has the ability to accumulate Cd higher than S. arvensis, i.e. 57.11% and 35.84%, respectivel