Hepatitis and Healthcare Professionals (World Hepatitis Day Special Editorial)

.World Hepatitis Day Special Editorial by Dr. Priti Gupt

極限質量比をもつ連星軌道進化における過渡的共鳴現象

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第24169号理博第4860号京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻(主査)教授 田中 貴浩, 准教授 久徳 浩太郎, 教授 橋本 幸士学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Humoral lmmune Response with Focus of lgG Glycosylation -In murine models

The humoral immune system orchestrates a vital defense mechanism through the secretion of antibodies, especially Immunoglobulin G (IgG), which actively targets and neutralizes foreign particles and pathogens. Glycosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that affects their size, shape, and folding. IgG glycosylation, plays a pivotal role in mediating both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in diseases, thereby regulating pathogenicity through alterations in interaction with fragment crystallizable gamma receptors (FcγRs). Despite the recognized importance of IgG glycosylation, the influence of various factors such as estrogen, inflammation, and aging on the humoral immune response remains unexplored in functional models. Therefore, the primary objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to unravel the impact of these factors, with a particular focus on IgG glycosylation, in murine models. First, we investigated whether Bazedoxifene, a 3rd generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) exhibits estrogen-ic characteristics in IgG glycosylation under immune-induced postmenopausal conditions. Results demonstrated that Bazedoxifene did not mimic estrogenic effects on IgG glycosylation during pathogenic immune responses. Second, we investigated es-trogen's effects on IgG glycosylation in healthy postmenopausal mice. The findings revealed that estrogen treatment in healthy postmenopausal states increased IgG glycosylation, thereby mitigating IgG pathogenicity. Finally, we investigated the impact of aging and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on the humoral immune response to bacteremia. Utilizing young and old wild-type (WT) and TLR2-/- mice under both healthy and bacteremia conditions, the study showed that TLR2 and aging significantly altered immunoglobulin levels. Additionally, bacteremia induced a limited response in aged mice, with increased IgG glycosylation observed in healthy and infected conditions in wild-type old mice. In summary, this thesis demonstrated the regulation of humoral immune response and the factors including age, sex hormones, and the presence of TLR2, can markedly influence the humoral immune response and IgG glycosylation, leading to a shift from pro- to anti-inflammatory states or vice versa beyond diseased environments

Implementation of Feature Engineering in Prediction of AQI in India using Machine Learning

Prediction of Air Quality Index (AQI) is the necessity of today’s era but for the prediction, analysis of different preprocessing techniques that can be applied, needs to be considered. In this study, first of all we explored various feature engineering techniques such as Data Imputation, Scaling, Extraction, Selection, and Data Split that can be used before applying machine learning algorithm for better results. Second, we used MLR and SVR (Linear, Gaussian) to build the prediction models. Finally, we used root mean square error (RMSE), R2, Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) to evaluate the performance of the regression models in collaboration with the feature engineering techniques. The results shows that the performance of Linear SVR is better when coupled with imputation and robust scaler (R2=0.7557834846394744) as compared to the others, the performance of Gaussian SVR is better when coupled with the imputation only as compared to the others. In case of MLR, results (R2=0.7769187383819041) are almost same in all the 4 cases and performance degraded when PCA was applied

Dynamics of Binary System around Supermassive Black Hole

We discuss motion of a binary system around a supermassive black hole. Using Fermi-Walker transport, we construct a local inertial reference frame and set up a Newtonian binary system. Assuming a circular geodesic observer around a Schwarzschild black hole, we write down the equations of motion of a binary. Introducing a small acceleration of the observer, we remove the interaction terms between the center of mass (CM) of a binary and its relative coordinates. The CM follows the observer's orbit, but its motion deviates from an exact circular geodesic. We first solve the relative motion of a binary system, and then find the motion of the CM by the perturbation equations with the small acceleration. We show that there appears the Kozai-Lidov (KL) oscillations when a binary is compact and the initial inclination is larger than a critical angle. In a hard binary system, KL oscillations are regular, whereas in a soft binary system, oscillations are irregular both in period and in amplitude, although stable. We find an orbital flip when the initial inclination is large. As for the motion of the CM, the radial deviations from a circular orbit become stable oscillations with very small amplitude.Comment: 33 pages,12 figures, 2 table

Bizarre Radiographic Finding of Intraoral Neurofibroma: A Case Report

Neurofibroma(NF) is one of the common well known autosomal dominant inheritable entity with a prevalence of one per 3000 people. Clinically, there are two types of NF:NF 1 with 90% occurrence along with 7 subtypes and NF2. It is a genetic disorder and benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. It has a neural origin with presence of café –au-lait spots along with multiple nodules over the skin and all over the body. It might be associated with bone malformation and sometimes the central nervous systems is also involved. Diagnosis of neurofibroma is based on clinical criteria. The frequency of oral manifestations is debated in the literature. Some authors report a frequency of 4-7% of cases, whereas others suggest that these manifestations are present in up to 72% of cases. Here the purpose of this case report is to review the disease with intraoral clinical and radiological findings found in a patient having a bizzare radiographic finding of Intraoral Neurofibroma (NF)

Comparison of fuzzy time series, ANN and wavelet techniques for short term load forecasting

The present article presents the load forecasting for a power system (substation) load demands using techniques based on fuzzy time series (FTS), artificial neural network (ANN), and wavelet transform (WT). The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), integral absolute error (IAE), integral of time multiplied error (ITAE), integral square error (ISE) along with integral time multiplied square error (ITSE) criteria are used for determining the performance indices and minimizing the error. From the investigations of the results obtained in the study, it is inferred that forecasting of electric load based on WT and ANN offers less error as compared to FTS. The suggested integrated model captures the useful properties of artificial neural networks and wavelet transforms in time series and is found to be accurate for real-time data