L’efficienza del trasferimento tecnologico nel contesto del Friuli Venezia Giulia

I dati e i concetti sotto esaminati si riferiscono ad un’esperienza del Consorzio AREA Science Park che fornisce alla Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia servizi di trasferimento tecnologico attraverso i suoi brokers da oltre venti anni. Uno specifico know-how è stato dedicato alla valorizzazione di attività delle imprese e dei ricercatori di questa regione; la fruizione dei risultati della ricerca, in un’ideale catena di valori, prevede un flusso informativo diretto verso molteplici beneficiari, tra i quali spiccano gli imprenditori. D’altro canto, un percorso a ritroso della conoscenza è necessario per generare ed alimentare un circolo virtuoso. Allo scopo di analizzare l’impatto delle iniziative originate a ciascun estremo della catena sono stati concepiti dei modelli che, riferiti al tipico contesto della Regione, hanno condotto a delle conclusioni interessanti applicabili anche in campo nazionale. Tuttavia ora più che mai sembra necessario munirsi di un sistema che sia possibilmente onnicomprensivo e più uniforme dei precedenti; infatti l’attenuazione delle loro intrinseche limitazioni permette l’ottimizzazione delle scelte strategiche dei diversi portatori di interesse

A network of transcriptional and signaling events is activated by FGF to induce chondrocyte growth arrest and differentiation

Activating mutations in FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) cause several human dwarfism syndromes by affecting both chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Using microarray and biochemical analyses of FGF-treated rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes, we show that FGF inhibits chondrocyte proliferation by initiating multiple pathways that result in the induction of antiproliferative functions and the down-regulation of growth-promoting molecules. The initiation of growth arrest is characterized by the rapid dephosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) p107 and repression of a subset of E2F target genes by a mechanism that is independent of cyclin E–Cdk inhibition. In contrast, hypophosphorylation of pRb and p130 occur after growth arrest is first detected, and may contribute to its maintenance. Importantly, we also find a number of gene expression changes indicating that FGF promotes many aspects of hypertrophic differentiation, a notion supported by in situ analysis of developing growth plates from mice expressing an activated form of FGFR3. Thus, FGF may coordinate the onset of differentiation with chondrocyte growth arrest in the developing growth plate

Landscape as Heritage: Negotiating European Cultural Identity

environmental policy; identity; European identity

Tumori dell’intestino tenue: nostra esperienza in urgenza

I tumori dell’intestino tenue sono neoplasie relativamente rare. Sintomi di natura aspecifica ed esami diagnostici di basse sensibilità e validità sono complessivamente responsabili di una diagnosi ritardata e, in caso di malignità, di malattia spesso avanzata e per lo più incurabile con l’intervento. Uno studio retrospettivo è stato effettuato in 42 casi con presentazione clinica di acuzie, dal 1972 al 2001; l’età media dei pazienti è stata di 52 anni (range 14-79 anni); c’è stata una lieve prevalenza del sesso femminile (57.1% vs 42.9%). La presentazione acuta più comune è stata l’occlusione (57.1%), seguita da sanguinamento gastrointestinale (23.8%), perforazione (14.3%) e occlusione/perforazione (4.8%). I tumori benigni si sono presentati nel 38.1% (16 casi), l’adenoma rappresenta il tipo più comune; le forme maligne sono state il 61.9% (26 casi), l’adenocarcinoma e i linfomi rappresentano l’istotipo più comune. La chirurgia radicale è stata possibile solo nel 57% delle forme maligne (24 pazienti): la morbidità è stata del 4.8% (2 casi: 1 deiscenza anastomotica e 1 ascesso subfrenico); la mortalità è stata del 14.3%. Dal nostro studio retrospettivo possiamo affermare che la sopravvivenza per le lesioni maligne è strettamente dipendente dalla precocità della diagnosi TNM e dalla possibilità di una procedura chirurgica radicale, prima che la lesione diventi non resecabile, come è accaduto nel 42% dei nostri casi. Un indice di sospetto estremamente elevato nella valutazione di sintomi, spesso aspecifici, integrato con studi diagnostici specifici, potrebbe rappresentare l’approccio più appropriato. La prognosi per le forme benigne è invece eccellente in tutti i casi

???Pull-through??? Resection for Total and Subtotal Glossectomy Involving the Posterior Third of Tongue

The lower lip-splitting incision associated with different types of mandibulotomy, in order to obtain wide access to total or subtotal glossectomy, is described. In those cases, high rates of functional and aesthetic deficit and postoperative morbidity (more in cases of patients in which adjuvant radiotherapy has been performed) are described. We present our experience in the treatment of patients undergoing total or subtotal glossectomy and contemporary reconstruction with flaps, and without lip-splitting incision and mandibulotomy. Materials and Methods: Data about patients affected by malignant tumors requiring total or subtotal (posterior third of the tongue) resection that were treated at our department from January 2004 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Data evaluated included: T and N stage, resection margins, operation time, and post-operative complications, such as fistula and flap necrosis. Results: 41 patients were identified. In two cases microscopic infiltration of one margin was found (R1); in one case a close margin was identified. In 26 cases reconstruction was performed using free flaps, and in the remaining cases a pectoralis major flap was used. In three cases postoperative complications were observed. Discussion and conclusions: In theory, lip-splitting and mandible discontinuity could allow for increased access and tumor visualization, and could facilitate flap positioning. Nevertheless, in our experience, it is not necessary in the case of total or subtotal glossectomy

Landscape approaches for ecosystem management in Mediterranean Islands

This book presents a series of essays, drawing on the twm concepts of ecosystem management and landscape approaches, to elucidate and reflect on the present situation and future evolution of Mediterranean islands. This publication brings together contributions from Mediterranean individuals, non-Mediterranean individuals, islanders and non-islanders there is, after all, no geographical limit on who and what we can learn from. The essays presented here each contribute a specific perspective on the future evolution of Mediterranean islands. This book presents a series of essays, drawing on the twin concepts of ecosystem management and landscape approaches, to elucidate and reflect on the present situation and future evolution of Mediterranean islands. This publication brings together contributions from Mediterranean individuals, non-Mediterranean individuals, islanders and non-islanders; there is, after all, no geographical limit on who and what we can learn from. The essays presented here each contribute a specific perspective on the future evolution of Mediterranean islands. Following this introductory chapter, the first section of the book focuses on the contributions that can be made by the discipline of landscape ecology. loannis Vogiatzakis and Geoffrey Griffiths first explain the concepts and relevance of landscape ecology, also presenting and discussing a range of applied tools that can facilitate landscape planning in Mediterranean islands. Louis F. Cassar then reviews the 'offshoot' discipline of restoration ecology, making a strong case for offsetting the environmental damage inflicted on natural ecosystems over millennia of human occupation, with constructive efforts to effectively restore and/or rehabilitate ecosystems. The two following chapters bring the socio-economic dimension into the discussion. Godfrey Baldacchino first presents two contrasting paradigms for the development of island territories, reviewing the dual influences of ecological and economic factors, and exploring ways in which the two can be brought together in successful development strategies. Gordon Cordina and Nadia Farrugia then address the demographic dimension of development, presenting a model to explain the economic costs of high population densities on islands. The third block of chapters expands on the relevance of social and cultural dynamics to the management of Mediterranean Islands. Isil Cakcï, Nur Belkayali and Ilkden Tazebay explain the evolution of the concept of a 'cultural landscape', focusing on the challenges of managing change in landscapes with strong heritage values. The chapter concludes with a case study on the Turkish island of Gökçeada (lmbros), which is experiencing major challenges in balancing the conservation of a cultural landscape on the one hand, and the management of inevitable change, on the other. Elisabeth Conrad then discusses the role of social capital in managing the landscape resources of Mediterranean islands, reviewing the potential for this intangible social fabric to facilitate or impede the sustainable evolution of island territories. The fourth section includes four chapters, each of which addresses a different aspect relevant to policy development and implementation in Mediterranean islands. Salvino Busuttil presents an essay outlining the political influences on the management of coastal landscapes, the latter so relevant to Mediterranean island territories. The essay derives from the author's professional experience in various policy-related institutions for environmental management within the Mediterranean region. Maggie Roe then reflects on issues of landscape sustainability, focusing on the neglected aspect of intelligence. She discusses ways in which landscape research, knowledge and understanding can feed directly into frameworks for 'sustainable' landscape planning. In the subsequent chapter, Adrian Phillips takes from his substantial experience with international landscape policy, reviewing the gradual emergence of international and national landscape 'tools', to draw out lessons for application in Mediterranean islands. In the final chapter of this section, Riccardo Priore and Damiano Galla present a comprehensive discussion of the European Landscape Convention, the first international instrument to focus exclusively on landscape. The authors explain the innovative character of this convention, and discuss its potential implementation in Mediterranean islands. The publication concludes with a series of case studies, highlighting specific constraints, experiences and opportunities in different Mediterranean islands. Theano Terkenli explores the landscapes of tourism in Mediterranean islands - perhaps no other industry has played such a fundamental role in shaping the evolution of Mediterranean landscapes in recent years. The author reviews the theoretical relationship between landscape and tourism across Mediterranean islands, before focusing on the specific case of the Greek Cycladic islands. In the following chapter, Alex Camilleri, Isabella Colombini and Lorenzo Chelazzi present an in-depth review of the context and challenges being faced on a number of minor Mediterranean islands, namely those of the Tuscan archipelago (Elba, Giglio, Capraia, Montecristo, Pianosa, Gorgona and Giannutri), and Comino, the latter forming part of the Maltese archipelago. The comparison between these various islands enables an appreciation of both commonalities across these islands, as well as considerations that are specific to the context of each in dividual island. JeremyBoissevain then adopts an anthropological lens to review the cautionary tale of landscape change in Malta, exploring underlying causes of landscape destruction and limited civil engagement. In the subsequent chapter, Jala Makhzoumi outlines the richness of Mediterranean islands' rural landscapes, focusing on olive landscapes in Cyprus. Her research demonstrates the economic and ecological robustness of various olive cultivation practices, and whilst warning of several threats to such sustainable regimes, she outlines strategies for reconfiguring our approach to rural heritage, in order to integrate such assets into sustainable development strategies. Finally, Stephen Morse concludes the section with an evaluation of sustainable development indicators, and the contribution that these can make towards enhancing the management of Mediterranean island territories. He illustrates his arguments with reference to the two island states of Malta and Cyprus. To conclude, in the final chapter of this publication, we review key insights emerging from the various chapters, and summarize considerations for ecosystem management and sustainable development in Mediterranean Islands. We truly hope that this publication makes some contribution towards safeguarding the "magic' of Mediterranean islands, whilst embracing their dynamic characteristics.Published under the patronage of UNESCO and with the support of the Maltese National Commission for UNESCOpeer-reviewe

La Convention européenne du paysage ou de l'évolution de la conception juridique relative au paysage en droit comparé et en droit international

Priore Riccardo. La Convention européenne du paysage ou de l'évolution de la conception juridique relative au paysage en droit comparé et en droit international. In: Revue Européenne de Droit de l'Environnement, n°3, 2000. pp. 281-299

Exposé lors de la journée d'étude sur la Convention européenne du paysage du 18 janvier 2001

Priore Riccardo. Exposé lors de la journée d'étude sur la Convention européenne du paysage du 18 janvier 2001. In: Revue Européenne de Droit de l'Environnement, n°3, 2003. pp. 255-257

Packing: attuali concetti di una chirurgia “salvavita”

Il packing costituisce una metodica di trattamento temporaneo di lesioni traumatiche gravi e gravissime che viene utilizzata nel con - testo di un protocollo di Damage Control Surgery. Tecnicamente si intende uno zaffaggio stipato di tamponi o lunghette di garza all’interno dell’intera cavità addominale o di una singola sede anato - mica (early abdominal packing) con lo scopo di attuare un’emostasi meccanica. Un’ampia revisione della letteratura ha permesso di puntualizza - re le problematiche più interessanti legate non solo agli aspetti pura - mente tecnici, ma soprattutto all’adeguatezza delle indicazioni e alla loro evoluzione, al timing, ai risultati in generale e in particolare alle varie complicanze, che offrono un ventaglio di situazioni critiche spesso particolari e non del tutto prevedibili in cui è necessario un approccio diagnostico e metodologico intensivo che va al di là della pratica clinica convenzionale. Le indicazioni risiedono nella presenza di lesioni anatomo-patologiche critiche (ipotermia <35°C, acidosi intorno a 7,2, coagulopatia con PTT >16 sec e instabilità emodina - mica nonostante alti volumi di trasfusione). I risultati sono confrotanti con sopravvivenze medie assestate sta - bilmente oltre il 60%, notevolmente superiori a quelle raggiungibili con una riparazione chirurgica primaria. Le complicanze precoci sono essenzialmente emorragiche, soprattutto in presenza di uno zaf - faggio non adeguatamente compressivo (underpacking); quelle tardi - ve possono essere locali, fondamentalmente settiche e dipendenti dal tempo di permanenza (oltre le 72 ore) e dalla coesistenza di lesioni contaminanti, e generali, con deficit multiorgano dovuto ad eccessiva compressione (overpacking) o alla comparsa di una “sindrome com - partimentale” addominale, che segue all’aumento della pressione endoaddominale oltre i 25 cm di H2O e che si presenta con frequen - za minore utilizzando per la chiusura della parete m e s h p r o t e s i c h e varie piuttosto che chiudendo primitivamente la fascia