Klijanje semena pet korovskih vrsta pod različitim temperaturnim i svetlosnim uslovima

Temperature and light may be considered the most important factors affecting seed germination in the presence of several other factors crucial for germination (e.g. water, oxygen, plant hormones). The present study aimed to determine temperature values and corresponding modes of light that are suitable for germination of Artemisia vulgaris L., Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cephalaria transsilvanica (L.) Schrader and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. under controlled conditions. Before the experiment began, the collected and dried seeds were stored in the dark, at room temperature. The seeds germinated in distilled water in glass Petri dishes. Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Artemisia vulgaris seeds were stratified before germination. The temperatures at which seed germination occurred differed for each species. The seeds germinated under light and/or in the dark. The results showed that light either failed to affect or stimulated germination. There was no statistically significant difference in the germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Artemisia vulgaris seeds over the whole temperature range investigated, while seeds of the other investigated species had a narrower range of temperatures suitable for germination.Uz prisustvo neophodnih faktora klijanja (voda, kiseonik, biljni hormoni), temperatura i svetlost se mogu smatrati najvažnijim činiocima koji utiču na klijanje semena. Cilj naših istraživanja je bio da se odrede vrednosti temperature i odgovarajući režimi svetlosti pogodni za klijanje semena Artemisia vulgaris L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cephalaria transsilvanica (L.) Schrader i Stellaria media (L.) Vill. u kontrolisanim uslovima. Prikupljena semena su nakon sušenja čuvana do početka eksperimenta u mraku, na sobnoj temperaturi. Semena su isklijavana u staklenim Petri kutijama, u destilovanoj vodi. Semena Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia i Artemisia vulgaris su prethodno stratifikovana. Temperature na kojima je vršeno isklijavanje semena su se razlikovale za različite vrste. Semena su isklijavana na svetlosi i/ili u mraku. Dobijeni rezultati eksperimenta pokazuju da svetlost ili nije imala uticaja, ili su semena bolje klijala na svetlosti. Semena Amaranthus retroflexus i Artemisia vulgaris su klijala bez statistički značajne razlike u čitavom dijapazonu ispitivanih temperatura, dok su semena preostalih ispitivanih vrsta imala uži opseg povoljnih temperatura za klijanje

Water emulsion of the essential oil of Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević: potential use as a bioherbicide

Plant protection with natural products is a new trend in environmentally friendly agriculture. Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević is an endemic and critically endangered plant species in Serbia. We explored the phytotoxic potential of a water emulsion of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil (NrEO) with high amounts of trans,cis-nepetalactone on five weeds. The most sensitive was Stellaria media (L.) Vill., as NrEO (from 0.013% to 0.1%) completely inhibited germination. Germination of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. was completely inhibited at the highest applied concentrations of NrEO (0.1%), while Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. germination was reduced to 48% at the same concentration of NrEO. The most tolerant species was Cephalaria transsylvanica (L.) Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult. as the final germination rate at the highest applied concentration of NrEO (0.1%) was 81%, like the control (82%). To our knowledge, this is the first time the interaction of essential oils on the germination and growth of A. vulgaris and C. transsylvanica is reported. The germination dynamics of S. media in pots with soil were significantly inhibited when the soil was initially treated with the highest applied concentration of the NrEO water emulsion (1%). Spraying S. media seedlings with NrEO significantly inhibited growth parameters (shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and the number of nodes) at the higher applied concentrations of NrEO (0.5% and 1%). Therefore, the water emulsion of the essential oil of N. rtanjensis could be potentially developed for use in the control of invasive and allergenic weeds

INFLUENCE OF INOCULATION ON THE QUALITY OF FERMENTATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA SILAGE

In order to assess the impact of the inoculant "BioStabil Plus" on the ensiling process of alfalfa, the parameters of fermentation quality were analyzed (pH, acetic, butyric, lactic acid, ammonia and water-soluble nitrogen in total nitrogen) and chemical composition of silage (crude protein, crude cellulose, crude fats, nitrogen-free extractives and ash), as well as silage quality assessment (DLG and Zelter). Alfalfa biomass in the beginning of flowering phase was ensiled without additives and with the addition of inoculant. The addition of inoculant showed a decrease in pH, increased production of lactic acid, reduced production of acetic acid, with a favorable ratio of these acids (2-3: 1). The introduction of inoculants resulted in improved fermentation quality, which resulted in better preservation of nutrients, especially for crude proteins, since the use of inoculants also showed a decrease in ammonia nitrogen content compared to control (inoculation - 12.28% NH3-N/ΣN, control - 17.42% NH3-N/ΣN). The general conclusion is that inoculant should be added to alfalfa biomass, for the purpose of optimal production of lactic and acetic acid, as well as obtaining higher nutritional value.Publishe

Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is characterized by high dry matter (DM) yield and a high nutritive value. It has a higher concentration of soluble carbohydrate than lucerne and its protein is less degradable in the rumen than lucerne protein. The aim of this study was to quantify the main crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions of a tetraploid (4n, cv K-32) and a diploid (2n, cv K-39) red clover cultivar harvested at three stages of development in the spring growth. Results showed that the cultivar and stage of development had a large impact on chemical composition and the protein and carbohydrate fractions determined by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). The rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA) was significantly higher in the tetraploid (272 to 287 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development) than in the diploid red clover cultivar (214 to 268 g kg-1 CP). Rumen degradable carbohydrate concentration was not affected by cultivar but it was significantly influenced by the stage of development. The concentration of rumen degradable protein decreased from 726 to 655 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development in the diploid red clover cultivar. In conclusion, the tetraploid red clover cultivar was higher in CP, its protein was more rapidly degradable, and it was characterized by lower concentrations of lignin and unavailable carbohydrate fractions than the diploid cultivar

Effect of Azotobacter spp. on initial growth of perennial grasses

Primena korisnih mikroorganizama, kao što su bakterije iz roda Azotobacter, predstavlja ekološki prihvatljiv metod za unapređenje proizvodnje krmnih trava i biogenosti zemljišta. U radu su prikazani rezultati primene predsetvene mikrobijalne inokulacije. Ispitivan je uticaj četiri izolata Azotobacter spp. (ZA1, SA74, SB94, MA7) i njihove kombinacije na početni rast višegodišnjih trava: engleskog ljulja (Lolium perenne L.), francuskog ljulja (Arrhenatherum elatius L.), italijanskog ljulja (Lolium multiflorum L.) i ježevice (Dactylis glomerata L.). Eksperiment je izveden u polukontrolisanim uslovima. Visina, zelena masa po biljci, dužina i masa korena po biljci određene su četiri nedelje nakon setve. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je primena mikrobne inokulacije imala pozitivan efekat na početni rast i razvoj ispitivanih vrsta trava.Application of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria from the genus Azotobacter is an environmentally acceptable method for improving the production of forage grasses and soil biogenicity. The paper presents the results of pre-sowing microbial inoculation. The influence of four isolates of Azotobacter spp. (ZA1, SA74, SB94, MA7) and their combinations on the initial growth of perennial grasses: perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius L.), italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). The experiment was carried out in semi-controlled conditions. The height, green mass per plant, root length and root weight per plant were determined four weeks after sowing. The results of research showed that applied microbial inoculation had a positive effect on the initial growth of the investigated grass species

Effect of Azotobacter spp. on initial growth of perennial grasses

Primena korisnih mikroorganizama, kao što su bakterije iz roda Azotobacter, predstavlja ekološki prihvatljiv metod za unapređenje proizvodnje krmnih trava i biogenosti zemljišta. U radu su prikazani rezultati primene predsetvene mikrobijalne inokulacije. Ispitivan je uticaj četiri izolata Azotobacter spp. (ZA1, SA74, SB94, MA7) i njihove kombinacije na početni rast višegodišnjih trava: engleskog ljulja (Lolium perenne L.), francuskog ljulja (Arrhenatherum elatius L.), italijanskog ljulja (Lolium multiflorum L.) i ježevice (Dactylis glomerata L.). Eksperiment je izveden u polukontrolisanim uslovima. Visina, zelena masa po biljci, dužina i masa korena po biljci određene su četiri nedelje nakon setve. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je primena mikrobne inokulacije imala pozitivan efekat na početni rast i razvoj ispitivanih vrsta trava.Application of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria from the genus Azotobacter is an environmentally acceptable method for improving the production of forage grasses and soil biogenicity. The paper presents the results of pre-sowing microbial inoculation. The influence of four isolates of Azotobacter spp. (ZA1, SA74, SB94, MA7) and their combinations on the initial growth of perennial grasses: perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius L.), italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). The experiment was carried out in semi-controlled conditions. The height, green mass per plant, root length and root weight per plant were determined four weeks after sowing. The results of research showed that applied microbial inoculation had a positive effect on the initial growth of the investigated grass species