58 research outputs found
Numerical simulation of suspension induced rheology
summary:Flow of particles suspended in a fluid can be found in numerous industrial processes utilizing sedimentation, fluidization and lubricated transport such as food processing, catalytic processing, slurries, coating, paper manufacturing, particle injection molding and filter operation. The ability to understand rheology effects of particulate flows is elementary for the design, operation and efficiency of the underlying processes. Despite the fact that particle technology is widely used, it is still an enormous experimental challenge to determine the correct parameters for the process employed. In this paper we present 2-dimensional numerical results for the behavior of a particle based suspension and compare it with analytically results obtained for the Stokes-flow around a single particle
La mise en scĂšne du plurilinguisme dans lâĆuvre de Jean-Hubert BaziĂ©
LâĂ©crivain africain est un tĂ©moin privilĂ©giĂ© de la coexistence des langues dans la communautĂ© sociolinguistique oĂč il vit. Nâayant pas le choix du code, il peut cependant choisir lâĂ©chelle de variation interne qui va du français acadĂ©mique, cultivĂ© Ă lâĂ©cole, au français populaire. Câest cette notion qui est problĂ©matique. Car cette variĂ©tĂ© est interprĂ©table comme issue du milieu oĂč Ă©volue lâindividu. Un roman populaire qui reflĂšte un sociolecte français nâa rien Ă voir avec un roman burkinabĂ© â qui mĂ©rite cette Ă©tiquette parce quâil sâinscrit dans la rĂ©alitĂ© politique et sociale de ce pays â qui tente en français de rendre compte du rĂ©pertoire en jeu dans lâĂ©change des sujets, essentiellement urbains, car câest lĂ que « ça se passe ». Cette situation transparaĂźt par de multiples indices quâil sâagit de mettre au jour, mais elle est Ă©galement lâobjet dâune mise en scĂšne recourant Ă des effets voyants, qui devient par moments le centre de lâĂ©criture elle-mĂȘme, dans un but que lâon ne peut identifier que comme « pĂ©dagogique », câest-Ă -dire pragmatique. En effet lâĂ©crivain burkinabĂ©, comme nombre de professionnels africains et francophones, manifeste une « surconscience » linguistique qui le rend apte Ă crĂ©er une langue qui est Ă la fois symbole de la rencontre des cultures dans la communautĂ© quâil reprĂ©sente, et trace dâune situation dâĂ©nonciation rĂ©elle que les locuteurs peuvent apprĂ©hender comme endogĂšne.The J.-H. Bazieâs Work Portray the Multilinguism as Performance of Sociolinguistic Situation in Burkina Faso. â The African writer is a privileged witness of the coexistence of languages in the sociolinguistic community where he lives. While he doesnât have the choice of the code, he has the possibility to use the whole internal variation scale ranging from academic, learned at school, to popular French. This notion is problematic, because the chosen variety may be interpreted as resulting from the individualâs background. A popular novel reflecting a French sociolect has nothing to do with a BurkinabĂ© novel-worth such a label because it is part of the political and social reality of the country-which tries to account for the repertoire involved in the exchanges between-mostly urban-people, because âitâs the way things happen thereâ. This situation shows through numerous signs that have to be uncovered, but is also the object of a direction using showy effects, which for moments becomes the centre of the writing act itself, following a goal that cannot be identified otherwise than âeducationalâ, i.e. pragmatic. The BurkinabĂ© writer, as many French speaking and African professionals, shows indeed a linguistic âoverconscienceâ that enables him to create a language which is a symbol of cultures meeting each other within the community he represents, and a sign of a situation of real enunciation the speakers can comprehend as endogenous
Health Related Quality of Life and Return to Work After Minor Extremity Injuries: a Longitudinal Study Comparing Upper Versus Lower Extremity Injuries
Purpose: To investigate the impact on health related quality of life (HRQL) during the first year after minor extremity injury and to determine whether there is a difference in recovery patterns and return to work between upper extremity injuries (UEI) and lower extremity injuries (LEI).
Method: A total of 181 adultsâ age 18 years or older randomly selected from patients admitted to an emergency department with minor injuries were studied. HRQL was measured using the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) at 1â2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12-months post-injury. Pre-injury FSQ scores were measured retrospectively at admission. A quasi-least square (QLS) model was constructed to examine differences of FSQ scores at each measuring point for UEI and LEI.
Results: Fractures of the knee/lower leg (25%) were the most frequently injured body area. Slips or falls (57%) and traffic-related events (22%) were the most common injury causes. The mean ISS was 4.2 (SD 0.86). Both groups had significant declines in the FSQ scores physical and social functioning at 1â2 weeks after injury. Patients with UEI made larger improvements in the first 3 months post-injury versus patients with LEI whose improvements extended over the first 6 months. None of the groups reached the pre-injury FSQ scores during the first post-injury year except in the subscale work performance where UEI exceeded the pre-injury scores. At 12 months post-injury, significant lower FSQ scores remained in the LEI group compared to the UEI group in intermediate activities of daily living (pâ
=â
0.036, d 0.4) and work performance (pâ
=â
0.004, d 0.7). The return to work at 3 months and 12 months were 76% and 88% for UEI and 58% and 77% for LEI. No significant differences were found between groups in the FSQ scale mental health and social interaction.
Conclusions: LEI had the highest impact on HRQL and return to work during the first year which exceeded the consequences of UEI. These findings contribute to the information about the consequences of injury in order to give sufficient prognostic information to patients and different stakeholders. Future investigations should aim to investigate specific minor extremity injuries and identify factors that facilitate recovery and return to work
Adult and pediatric trauma : outcomes and health-related quality of life
Background: Trauma is the number one killer of children and young adults and the
most common cause for hospital admissions for these age-groups in Sweden. Trauma is
also one of the most common causes for hospital care and early death for older people.
In the last decades trauma care has advanced and improved short-term survival of
injured but knowledge of the long-term outcome is limited.
The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate long-term outcome and health-related
quality of life after injuries in different age groups and to identify factors associated
with outcome.
Methods: The thesis is based on four studies. In the first study patients with major
trauma were contacted 5 years after injury and HRQL was measures using the SF-36
questionnaire and compared to an age and sex-matched reference group. In the second
study data was collected on children with injuries to describe demographic and injury
characteristics and outcome. The sample in the second study was the source for the
third and fourth study. The third study measured HRQL using the PedsQL 4.0 in a
cohort of children 6 years after injury and determined the relationship within subgroups
in the cohort. The fourth study measured child HRQL in a sample of children after
injury and their parentÂŽs and determined the relationship within scoring results and the impact of parents reported mental health status.
Results: The adult major trauma patients (n=205) reported significantly lower HRQL
scores in all eight domains compared to the reference group. A large number of patients
suffered from physical (68%) and psychological disabilities (41%) and nearly half
reported the need for better follow-up after discharge from hospital. The severity of the
injury did not anticipate a lower health-related quality of life. In the pediatric group
(n=432) the median injury severity score was 4 (IQR 1-9), 50% sustained head injuries
and the most severe head injuries were seen in the youngest age group. Mortality rate
was low (1%), 19% stayed in a PICU and the median length of hospital stay was two
days. In the follow-up study (n=204) the youngest children had the lowest PedsQL
scores. Children who suffered from extremity injuries had lower scores in the school
functioning compared to children with head injuries. The levels of agreement between
child self-report and parent proxy report of PedsQL 4.0 scales were excellent
(ICCâ„0.80) for all scales with the exception of childrenÂŽs self-reported emotional
functioning. Multiple regression analyses showed that poor parental mental health
status contributed to worse child self-report and parent proxy report of childrenÂŽs
HRQL.
Conclusion: Adult major trauma patients have significant disabilities 5 years after
injury. Improved follow-up by trauma specialist teams are needed. ChildrenÂŽs HRQL 6
years after trauma seems to in parity or better than healthy peers. ParentÂŽs mental health
status can possibly impact on childrenÂŽs HRQL long after an injury. Further studies are
recommended to evaluate the PedsQL 4.0versions for self-report in pediatric trauma
population
Ein Paradeigma fĂŒr Apollon: Neues zum Ă€ltesten erhaltenen Baubericht aus Didyma (I.Didyma 20)
Im Ă€ltesten aus Didyma erhaltenen Baubericht (I.Didyma 20) wird vom Versetzen mehrerer SĂ€ulenbestandteile berichtet: Halbplinthen, Basis, FuĂtrommel, SĂ€ulentrommeln und wohl auch Kapitell. Der Text ist um 250/240 v. Chr. zu datieren; mit dem Bau der SĂ€ulen des Dodekastylos und der Peristasis des Apollontempels wurde nach dem Zeugnis der anderen Bauberichte jedoch erst um 170 v. Chr. begonnen. Man hat also lange vor der seriellen Anfertigung der SĂ€ulen eine einzelne SĂ€ule oder Teile einer einzigen SĂ€ule errichtet. Diese SĂ€ule war ein Paradeigma, ein Muster fĂŒr alle spĂ€teren SĂ€ulen, mit dem am Ăbergang von Fundament und Sockelwand zum aufgehenden Bau die Formen der SĂ€ule festgelegt wurden. Das SĂ€ulenparadeigma korrespondiert mit dem 1979 entdeckten Entasiswerkriss auf der nördlichen Adytonsockelwand.The oldest surviving construction report from Didyma (I.Didyma 20) records the positioning of several column components: half-plinths, basis, foot drum, column drums and probably also capital. The text is to be dated ca. 250/240 B.C. As the other construction reports testify, construction of the columns of the dodekastylos and the peristasis of the Temple of Apollo commenced only around 170 B.C. Therefore, long before the serial production of the columns a single column or parts of a single column were erected. This column was a paradeigma for all later columns, a specimen that stipulated the forms of the columns at the transition from the foundations and the socle wall to the superstructure. The paradeigma column corresponds to the masonâs markings relating to entasis, incised on the north socle wall of the adyton and discovered in 1979
Ein neuer Jahresbericht uÌber BaumaĂnahmen am Tempel des Apollon von Didyma
Der Aufsatz stellt einen 2014 in Didyma aufgefundenen Baubericht des 2. Jh. v.Chr. uÌber die Arbeiten am Tempel des Apollon vor. Die Inschrift stammt aus dem Jahr des Stephanephoren Minnion (Ende der 170er Jahre) und erwĂ€hnt Arbeiten in den SteinbruÌchen im Griongebirge, den Transport von Steinblöcken in das Heiligtum sowie den Versatz von Marmor- und Kalksteinblöcken bei der Errichtung der Cella des Tempels; erwĂ€hnt wird im Text die 28. Steinlage. Die im Berichtsjahr erst beschafften bzw. transportierten Steine sind demnach fuÌr die letzten beiden Steinlagen (29 und 30) der Cella bestimmt. â Parallel zu diesen Bauarbeiten wird die Cellawand geglĂ€ttet, d.h. es werden Hebebossen und UnregelmĂ€Ăigkeiten der Wandblöcke beseitigt. Der Baubericht nennt als zweites Vorhaben neben den Arbeiten am Tempel einen Altar der ÎαÏίλΔÎčα (offenbar der Aphrodite) in «freier Flur» (áŒÎł ÏÏÏαÎč).This contribution publishes a 2nd century BCE construction report about work conducted on the temple of Apollo at Didyma. The inscription was found at Didyma in 2014 and dates to the stephanophorate of Minnion (late 170s BCE). It mentions work at quarries in the Grion Mountains, stone blocks being transported to the sanctuary, and the use of marble and limestone blocks in the construction of the templeâs cella; the text explicitly mentions the 28th course of stones. One can infer that the blocks cut and moved only in the year of the report were intended for the final two courses (29 and 30) of the cella walls. The inscription further reveals that while these efforts were going on the cella wall was already being smoothed down, meaning that lifting bosses and irregularities were being removed. Besides the work on the temple, the report also mentions a second project, an altar of ÎαÏίλΔÎčα (apparently Aphrodite) «in the countryside» (áŒÎł ÏÏÏαÎč).tbaCet article prĂ©sente un rapport de chantier du IIe s. av. J.-C., qui fut trouvĂ© Ă Didymes en 2014 et qui porte sur des travaux effectuĂ©s au temple dâApollon. Lâinscription date de lâannĂ©e du stĂ©phanĂšphore Minnion (fin des annĂ©es 170) et mentionne des travaux qui ont lieu dans les carriĂšres des montagnes de Grion, le transport de blocs vers le sanctuaire, ainsi que la pose de blocs de marbre et de calcaire lors de la construction de la cella du temple; le texte mentionne le 28e rang. Les pierres procurĂ©es et transportĂ©es pendant lâannĂ©e du rapport sont donc destinĂ©es aux deux derniers rangs (29 et 30) de la cella. En parallĂšle Ă ces travaux, on procĂšde au polissage du mur de la cella, câest-Ă -dire quâon Ă©limine les bosses et les irrĂ©gularitĂ©s des blocs muraux. Au-delĂ des travaux du temple, le rapport de chantier mentionne un deuxiĂšme projet, Ă savoir lâautel de la ÎαÏίλΔÎčα (apparemment celui dâAphrodite) qui se trouve «dans la campagne» (áŒÎł ÏÏÏαÎč).tb
L'agent glottopolitique et son glossaire. Enjeux de représentations des langues chez trois romanciers hétérolingues
International audienceQuand dire, câest feindreâŠLâanalyse des emprunts aux langues endogĂšnes dans les romans hĂ©tĂ©rolingues gĂ©nĂšre une interrogation sur leur dimension mimĂ©tique. Si la critique linguistique et la sociocritique des littĂ©ratures francophones tendent Ă percevoir les romans hĂ©tĂ©rolingues comme reprĂ©sentatifs des contextes plurilingues, en revanche les partisans de lâhĂ©tĂ©rolinguisme mettent en Ă©vidence la dimension illusoire de cette reprĂ©sentation. Quand dire, câest faire...En revanche, le glossaire des Ă©crivains hĂ©tĂ©rolingues tend Ă imposer en langue les emprunts, dĂ©voilant ainsi sa portĂ©e glottopolitique. Les pratiques glossairistiques spĂ©cifiques des Ă©crivains peuvent ainsi ĂȘtre mises en relation avec leurs reprĂ©sentations Ă©pilinguistiques dĂ©clarĂ©es, comme avec celles des locuteurs endogĂšnes de la sociĂ©tĂ© dont ils Ă©manent. Lâanalyse de trois romans francophones (Le Jujubier du Patriarche, dâAminata Sow Fall, 1993, Allah nâest pas obligĂ©, de Kourouma, 2000, et Le Rocher de Tanios, de Maalouf, 1993) rĂ©vĂšle lâintĂ©rĂȘt des comparaisons du glossaire des Ă©crivains pour dĂ©couvrir plus en profondeur la spĂ©cificitĂ© de leur rapport Ă la langue littĂ©raire
Regelung von Offshore-Windparks mit Dioden-Gleichrichter-HGĂ in einem synthetischen Referenzsystem
Die Arbeit beschreibt ein Regelungsverfahren fĂŒr Windenergieanlagen in Offshore-Windparks mit Diodengleichrichter-HGĂ. Die konventionelle Synchronisation auf die lokale Netzspannung wird dabei durch die Vorgabe eines externen Synchronisationssignals ersetzt. Alle netzseitigen Umrichter des Offshore-Inselnetzes werden somit stromgeregelt in einem gemeinsamen synthetischen Referenzsystem betrieben
Architekturforschungen in Didyma II: Die unfertig stehende SĂ€ule des Apollontempels: ein Tiefpunkt antiker SĂ€ulenplanung
Die unfertig stehende SĂ€ule des Apollontempels von Didyma und ihr »so phantastisches flaschenfömiges« Schaftprofil (KnackfuĂ, 1941) bilden den Kernpunkt dieser Studie. Fast 20 m hoch zog die SĂ€ule durch die antiken Durchmesser-Notationen ihrer Trommeln bereits Ende des 19. Jhs. wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit an. Ihr befremdlich konkaves Schaftprofil lieĂ es allerdings zunehmend zweifelhaft erscheinen, ob sie sich ĂŒberhaupt in korrekter Form hĂ€tte fertigstellen lassen. TatsĂ€chlich bestĂ€tigt die neue Dokumentation der Schaftdurchmesser wie auch der bis auf 1/32 FuĂ genauen Durchmesserangaben, dass die SĂ€ule nicht einmal mit geradlinigem Schaftumriss fertigzustellen gewesen wĂ€re â nicht zu reden von der Schwellung einer âșEntasisâč, deren Werkplanung uns ein ingeniöser Bauriss dieses Tempels ĂŒberliefert. Die SĂ€ule steht nun als Dokument eines bereits in der Planung fehlgegangenen Bauprojekts der didymeischen TempelbauhĂŒtte. Fast ein ganzer jĂ€hrlicher Bauetat von umgerechnet knapp 4 Millionen Euro wurde vor aller Augen verschleudert. Der Grund fĂŒr diese Fehlplanung bleibt unerklĂ€rlich.At issue here is the single-standing, unfinished column of the Temple of Apollo in Didyma with its strangely âșbottle-shapedâč shaft outline. Some 65 ft. tall, the column attracted scholarly attention already in the late 19th c. due to the ancient diameter notations on its drums, which display a precision of up to 1/32 foot. Yet the remarkable, concave outline of its shaft made it doubtful whether this column could have been completed in any acceptable form. In fact, the latest systematic documentation of both the actual shaft diameters and the inscribed diameters now confirms that this was not possible â excluded is even a rectilinear outline, let alone the outward-bulging curve of an entasis, as ingeniously detailed in one of the blue-print drawings on the temple walls. Thus, the Didyma column now stands as the testimony of a monumental construction gone fundamentally wrong. Nearly the total annual budget of the Didyma building yard, about 4 million euro today, was wasted in full public view. An explanation for this utter failure remains elusive
Alte und neue Inschriften aus Olympia I
Nach knappen AusfuÌhrungen zur Geschichte des Corpus von Olympia (IG VI) werden vier neue Inschriften aus dem Heiligtum ediert:
Nr. 1: archaische Basis (Reste der Bronzestatue sind erhalten) mit Weihinschrift der Byzantier und KuÌnstlerinschrift des Pelanidas aus Ăgina, Ende 6. Jh. v.Chr.
Nr. 2â4 neue KuÌnstlerinschriften: Daippos aus Sikyon, der bisher nur literarisch belegte Sohn des Lysipp, Anfang 3. Jh. v.Chr. (Nr. 2), Pyrilampos von Messene, um 200 v.Chr. (Nr. 3), und Eucheir aus Athen auf einer Basis fuÌr den Philosophen Kritolaos aus den Jahren nach dessen römischer Gesandtschaft von 156/55 (Nr. 4).Following some brief observations on the history of the corpus of Olympia (IG VI), four inscriptions from the sanctuary are published and edited:
No. 1: archaic base (some vestiges of the bronze statue remain) bearing a dedicatory inscription of the city of Byzantion and the signature of the artist Pelanidas of Aegina, late 6th c. BC.
Nos. 2â4 new signatures of artists: Daippos of Sicyon, son of Lysippos, who was hitherto only known from literary sources, early 3rd c. BC (no. 2), Pyrilampos of Messene, ca. 200 BC (no. 3), and Eucheir of Athens, on the base of a statue of the philosopher Kritolaos, dating from the years after his embassy to Rome in 156/55 (no. 4).AprĂšs de courtes remarques sur lâhistoire du corpus dâOlympia (IG VI), quatre nouvelles inscriptions du sanctuaire sont Ă©ditĂ©es:
1: base archaĂŻque (des vestiges dâune statue de bronze sont conservĂ©s), avec inscription votive des Byzantins et une inscription de lâartiste de Pelanisa dâĂgine, fin du 6e s.a.C.
2â4: nouvelles inscriptions dâartistes: Daippos de Sicyone, qui nâĂ©tait connu, Ă ce jour, que par la littĂ©rature comme le fils de Lysippe, dĂ©but du 3e s.a.C. (2), Pyrilampos de MessĂšne, vers 200 a.C. (3), et Eucheir dâAthĂšnes, sur une base pour le philosophe Kritolaos, datant des annĂ©es suivant son ambassade romaine de 156/55 (4)
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