Numerical simulation of suspension induced rheology

summary:Flow of particles suspended in a fluid can be found in numerous industrial processes utilizing sedimentation, fluidization and lubricated transport such as food processing, catalytic processing, slurries, coating, paper manufacturing, particle injection molding and filter operation. The ability to understand rheology effects of particulate flows is elementary for the design, operation and efficiency of the underlying processes. Despite the fact that particle technology is widely used, it is still an enormous experimental challenge to determine the correct parameters for the process employed. In this paper we present 2-dimensional numerical results for the behavior of a particle based suspension and compare it with analytically results obtained for the Stokes-flow around a single particle

La mise en scène du plurilinguisme dans l’œuvre de Jean-Hubert Bazié

L’écrivain africain est un témoin privilégié de la coexistence des langues dans la communauté sociolinguistique où il vit. N’ayant pas le choix du code, il peut cependant choisir l’échelle de variation interne qui va du français académique, cultivé à l’école, au français populaire. C’est cette notion qui est problématique. Car cette variété est interprétable comme issue du milieu où évolue l’individu. Un roman populaire qui reflète un sociolecte français n’a rien à voir avec un roman burkinabé – qui mérite cette étiquette parce qu’il s’inscrit dans la réalité politique et sociale de ce pays – qui tente en français de rendre compte du répertoire en jeu dans l’échange des sujets, essentiellement urbains, car c’est là que « ça se passe ». Cette situation transparaît par de multiples indices qu’il s’agit de mettre au jour, mais elle est également l’objet d’une mise en scène recourant à des effets voyants, qui devient par moments le centre de l’écriture elle-même, dans un but que l’on ne peut identifier que comme « pédagogique », c’est-à-dire pragmatique. En effet l’écrivain burkinabé, comme nombre de professionnels africains et francophones, manifeste une « surconscience » linguistique qui le rend apte à créer une langue qui est à la fois symbole de la rencontre des cultures dans la communauté qu’il représente, et trace d’une situation d’énonciation réelle que les locuteurs peuvent appréhender comme endogène.The J.-H. Bazie’s Work Portray the Multilinguism as Performance of Sociolinguistic Situation in Burkina Faso. – The African writer is a privileged witness of the coexistence of languages in the sociolinguistic community where he lives. While he doesn’t have the choice of the code, he has the possibility to use the whole internal variation scale ranging from academic, learned at school, to popular French. This notion is problematic, because the chosen variety may be interpreted as resulting from the individual’s background. A popular novel reflecting a French sociolect has nothing to do with a Burkinabé novel-worth such a label because it is part of the political and social reality of the country-which tries to account for the repertoire involved in the exchanges between-mostly urban-people, because “it’s the way things happen there”. This situation shows through numerous signs that have to be uncovered, but is also the object of a direction using showy effects, which for moments becomes the centre of the writing act itself, following a goal that cannot be identified otherwise than “educational”, i.e. pragmatic. The Burkinabé writer, as many French speaking and African professionals, shows indeed a linguistic “overconscience” that enables him to create a language which is a symbol of cultures meeting each other within the community he represents, and a sign of a situation of real enunciation the speakers can comprehend as endogenous

Health Related Quality of Life and Return to Work After Minor Extremity Injuries: a Longitudinal Study Comparing Upper Versus Lower Extremity Injuries

Purpose: To investigate the impact on health related quality of life (HRQL) during the first year after minor extremity injury and to determine whether there is a difference in recovery patterns and return to work between upper extremity injuries (UEI) and lower extremity injuries (LEI). Method: A total of 181 adults’ age 18 years or older randomly selected from patients admitted to an emergency department with minor injuries were studied. HRQL was measured using the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) at 1–2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12-months post-injury. Pre-injury FSQ scores were measured retrospectively at admission. A quasi-least square (QLS) model was constructed to examine differences of FSQ scores at each measuring point for UEI and LEI. Results: Fractures of the knee/lower leg (25%) were the most frequently injured body area. Slips or falls (57%) and traffic-related events (22%) were the most common injury causes. The mean ISS was 4.2 (SD 0.86). Both groups had significant declines in the FSQ scores physical and social functioning at 1–2 weeks after injury. Patients with UEI made larger improvements in the first 3 months post-injury versus patients with LEI whose improvements extended over the first 6 months. None of the groups reached the pre-injury FSQ scores during the first post-injury year except in the subscale work performance where UEI exceeded the pre-injury scores. At 12 months post-injury, significant lower FSQ scores remained in the LEI group compared to the UEI group in intermediate activities of daily living (p = 0.036, d 0.4) and work performance (p = 0.004, d 0.7). The return to work at 3 months and 12 months were 76% and 88% for UEI and 58% and 77% for LEI. No significant differences were found between groups in the FSQ scale mental health and social interaction. Conclusions: LEI had the highest impact on HRQL and return to work during the first year which exceeded the consequences of UEI. These findings contribute to the information about the consequences of injury in order to give sufficient prognostic information to patients and different stakeholders. Future investigations should aim to investigate specific minor extremity injuries and identify factors that facilitate recovery and return to work

Adult and pediatric trauma : outcomes and health-related quality of life

Background: Trauma is the number one killer of children and young adults and the most common cause for hospital admissions for these age-groups in Sweden. Trauma is also one of the most common causes for hospital care and early death for older people. In the last decades trauma care has advanced and improved short-term survival of injured but knowledge of the long-term outcome is limited. The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate long-term outcome and health-related quality of life after injuries in different age groups and to identify factors associated with outcome. Methods: The thesis is based on four studies. In the first study patients with major trauma were contacted 5 years after injury and HRQL was measures using the SF-36 questionnaire and compared to an age and sex-matched reference group. In the second study data was collected on children with injuries to describe demographic and injury characteristics and outcome. The sample in the second study was the source for the third and fourth study. The third study measured HRQL using the PedsQL 4.0 in a cohort of children 6 years after injury and determined the relationship within subgroups in the cohort. The fourth study measured child HRQL in a sample of children after injury and their parent´s and determined the relationship within scoring results and the impact of parents reported mental health status. Results: The adult major trauma patients (n=205) reported significantly lower HRQL scores in all eight domains compared to the reference group. A large number of patients suffered from physical (68%) and psychological disabilities (41%) and nearly half reported the need for better follow-up after discharge from hospital. The severity of the injury did not anticipate a lower health-related quality of life. In the pediatric group (n=432) the median injury severity score was 4 (IQR 1-9), 50% sustained head injuries and the most severe head injuries were seen in the youngest age group. Mortality rate was low (1%), 19% stayed in a PICU and the median length of hospital stay was two days. In the follow-up study (n=204) the youngest children had the lowest PedsQL scores. Children who suffered from extremity injuries had lower scores in the school functioning compared to children with head injuries. The levels of agreement between child self-report and parent proxy report of PedsQL 4.0 scales were excellent (ICC≥0.80) for all scales with the exception of children´s self-reported emotional functioning. Multiple regression analyses showed that poor parental mental health status contributed to worse child self-report and parent proxy report of children´s HRQL. Conclusion: Adult major trauma patients have significant disabilities 5 years after injury. Improved follow-up by trauma specialist teams are needed. Children´s HRQL 6 years after trauma seems to in parity or better than healthy peers. Parent´s mental health status can possibly impact on children´s HRQL long after an injury. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the PedsQL 4.0versions for self-report in pediatric trauma population

Ein Paradeigma für Apollon: Neues zum ältesten erhaltenen Baubericht aus Didyma (I.Didyma 20)

Im ältesten aus Didyma erhaltenen Baubericht (I.Didyma 20) wird vom Versetzen mehrerer Säulenbestandteile berichtet: Halbplinthen, Basis, Fußtrommel, Säulentrommeln und wohl auch Kapitell. Der Text ist um 250/240 v. Chr. zu datieren; mit dem Bau der Säulen des Dodekastylos und der Peristasis des Apollontempels wurde nach dem Zeugnis der anderen Bauberichte jedoch erst um 170 v. Chr. begonnen. Man hat also lange vor der seriellen Anfertigung der Säulen eine einzelne Säule oder Teile einer einzigen Säule errichtet. Diese Säule war ein Paradeigma, ein Muster für alle späteren Säulen, mit dem am Übergang von Fundament und Sockelwand zum aufgehenden Bau die Formen der Säule festgelegt wurden. Das Säulenparadeigma korrespondiert mit dem 1979 entdeckten Entasiswerkriss auf der nördlichen Adytonsockelwand.The oldest surviving construction report from Didyma (I.Didyma 20) records the positioning of several column components: half-plinths, basis, foot drum, column drums and probably also capital. The text is to be dated ca. 250/240 B.C. As the other construction reports testify, construction of the columns of the dodekastylos and the peristasis of the Temple of Apollo commenced only around 170 B.C. Therefore, long before the serial production of the columns a single column or parts of a single column were erected. This column was a paradeigma for all later columns, a specimen that stipulated the forms of the columns at the transition from the foundations and the socle wall to the superstructure. The paradeigma column corresponds to the mason’s markings relating to entasis, incised on the north socle wall of the adyton and discovered in 1979

Ein neuer Jahresbericht über Baumaßnahmen am Tempel des Apollon von Didyma

Der Aufsatz stellt einen 2014 in Didyma aufgefundenen Baubericht des 2. Jh. v.Chr. über die Arbeiten am Tempel des Apollon vor. Die Inschrift stammt aus dem Jahr des Stephanephoren Minnion (Ende der 170er Jahre) und erwähnt Arbeiten in den Steinbrüchen im Griongebirge, den Transport von Steinblöcken in das Heiligtum sowie den Versatz von Marmor- und Kalksteinblöcken bei der Errichtung der Cella des Tempels; erwähnt wird im Text die 28. Steinlage. Die im Berichtsjahr erst beschafften bzw. transportierten Steine sind demnach für die letzten beiden Steinlagen (29 und 30) der Cella bestimmt. – Parallel zu diesen Bauarbeiten wird die Cellawand geglättet, d.h. es werden Hebebossen und Unregelmäßigkeiten der Wandblöcke beseitigt. Der Baubericht nennt als zweites Vorhaben neben den Arbeiten am Tempel einen Altar der Βασίλεια (offenbar der Aphrodite) in «freier Flur» (ἐγ χώραι).This contribution publishes a 2nd century BCE construction report about work conducted on the temple of Apollo at Didyma. The inscription was found at Didyma in 2014 and dates to the stephanophorate of Minnion (late 170s BCE). It mentions work at quarries in the Grion Mountains, stone blocks being transported to the sanctuary, and the use of marble and limestone blocks in the construction of the temple’s cella; the text explicitly mentions the 28th course of stones. One can infer that the blocks cut and moved only in the year of the report were intended for the final two courses (29 and 30) of the cella walls. The inscription further reveals that while these efforts were going on the cella wall was already being smoothed down, meaning that lifting bosses and irregularities were being removed. Besides the work on the temple, the report also mentions a second project, an altar of Βασίλεια (apparently Aphrodite) «in the countryside» (ἐγ χώραι).tbaCet article présente un rapport de chantier du IIe s. av. J.-C., qui fut trouvé à Didymes en 2014 et qui porte sur des travaux effectués au temple d’Apollon. L’inscription date de l’année du stéphanèphore Minnion (fin des années 170) et mentionne des travaux qui ont lieu dans les carrières des montagnes de Grion, le transport de blocs vers le sanctuaire, ainsi que la pose de blocs de marbre et de calcaire lors de la construction de la cella du temple; le texte mentionne le 28e rang. Les pierres procurées et transportées pendant l’année du rapport sont donc destinées aux deux derniers rangs (29 et 30) de la cella. En parallèle à ces travaux, on procède au polissage du mur de la cella, c’est-à-dire qu’on élimine les bosses et les irrégularités des blocs muraux. Au-delà des travaux du temple, le rapport de chantier mentionne un deuxième projet, à savoir l’autel de la Βασίλεια (apparemment celui d’Aphrodite) qui se trouve «dans la campagne» (ἐγ χώραι).tb

L'agent glottopolitique et son glossaire. Enjeux de représentations des langues chez trois romanciers hétérolingues

International audienceQuand dire, c’est feindre…L’analyse des emprunts aux langues endogènes dans les romans hétérolingues génère une interrogation sur leur dimension mimétique. Si la critique linguistique et la sociocritique des littératures francophones tendent à percevoir les romans hétérolingues comme représentatifs des contextes plurilingues, en revanche les partisans de l’hétérolinguisme mettent en évidence la dimension illusoire de cette représentation. Quand dire, c’est faire...En revanche, le glossaire des écrivains hétérolingues tend à imposer en langue les emprunts, dévoilant ainsi sa portée glottopolitique. Les pratiques glossairistiques spécifiques des écrivains peuvent ainsi être mises en relation avec leurs représentations épilinguistiques déclarées, comme avec celles des locuteurs endogènes de la société dont ils émanent. L’analyse de trois romans francophones (Le Jujubier du Patriarche, d’Aminata Sow Fall, 1993, Allah n’est pas obligé, de Kourouma, 2000, et Le Rocher de Tanios, de Maalouf, 1993) révèle l’intérêt des comparaisons du glossaire des écrivains pour découvrir plus en profondeur la spécificité de leur rapport à la langue littéraire

Regelung von Offshore-Windparks mit Dioden-Gleichrichter-HGÜ in einem synthetischen Referenzsystem

Die Arbeit beschreibt ein Regelungsverfahren für Windenergieanlagen in Offshore-Windparks mit Diodengleichrichter-HGÜ. Die konventionelle Synchronisation auf die lokale Netzspannung wird dabei durch die Vorgabe eines externen Synchronisationssignals ersetzt. Alle netzseitigen Umrichter des Offshore-Inselnetzes werden somit stromgeregelt in einem gemeinsamen synthetischen Referenzsystem betrieben

Architekturforschungen in Didyma II: Die unfertig stehende Säule des Apollontempels: ein Tiefpunkt antiker Säulenplanung

Die unfertig stehende Säule des Apollontempels von Didyma und ihr »so phantastisches flaschenfömiges« Schaftprofil (Knackfuß, 1941) bilden den Kernpunkt dieser Studie. Fast 20 m hoch zog die Säule durch die antiken Durchmesser-Notationen ihrer Trommeln bereits Ende des 19. Jhs. wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit an. Ihr befremdlich konkaves Schaftprofil ließ es allerdings zunehmend zweifelhaft erscheinen, ob sie sich überhaupt in korrekter Form hätte fertigstellen lassen. Tatsächlich bestätigt die neue Dokumentation der Schaftdurchmesser wie auch der bis auf 1/32 Fuß genauen Durchmesserangaben, dass die Säule nicht einmal mit geradlinigem Schaftumriss fertigzustellen gewesen wäre – nicht zu reden von der Schwellung einer ›Entasis‹, deren Werkplanung uns ein ingeniöser Bauriss dieses Tempels überliefert. Die Säule steht nun als Dokument eines bereits in der Planung fehlgegangenen Bauprojekts der didymeischen Tempelbauhütte. Fast ein ganzer jährlicher Bauetat von umgerechnet knapp 4 Millionen Euro wurde vor aller Augen verschleudert. Der Grund für diese Fehlplanung bleibt unerklärlich.At issue here is the single-standing, unfinished column of the Temple of Apollo in Didyma with its strangely ›bottle-shaped‹ shaft outline. Some 65 ft. tall, the column attracted scholarly attention already in the late 19th c. due to the ancient diameter notations on its drums, which display a precision of up to 1/32 foot. Yet the remarkable, concave outline of its shaft made it doubtful whether this column could have been completed in any acceptable form. In fact, the latest systematic documentation of both the actual shaft diameters and the inscribed diameters now confirms that this was not possible – excluded is even a rectilinear outline, let alone the outward-bulging curve of an entasis, as ingeniously detailed in one of the blue-print drawings on the temple walls. Thus, the Didyma column now stands as the testimony of a monumental construction gone fundamentally wrong. Nearly the total annual budget of the Didyma building yard, about 4 million euro today, was wasted in full public view. An explanation for this utter failure remains elusive

Alte und neue Inschriften aus Olympia I

Nach knappen Ausführungen zur Geschichte des Corpus von Olympia (IG VI) werden vier neue Inschriften aus dem Heiligtum ediert: Nr. 1: archaische Basis (Reste der Bronzestatue sind erhalten) mit Weihinschrift der Byzantier und Künstlerinschrift des Pelanidas aus Ägina, Ende 6. Jh. v.Chr. Nr. 2–4 neue Künstlerinschriften: Daippos aus Sikyon, der bisher nur literarisch belegte Sohn des Lysipp, Anfang 3. Jh. v.Chr. (Nr. 2), Pyrilampos von Messene, um 200 v.Chr. (Nr. 3), und Eucheir aus Athen auf einer Basis für den Philosophen Kritolaos aus den Jahren nach dessen römischer Gesandtschaft von 156/55 (Nr. 4).Following some brief observations on the history of the corpus of Olympia (IG VI), four inscriptions from the sanctuary are published and edited: No. 1: archaic base (some vestiges of the bronze statue remain) bearing a dedicatory inscription of the city of Byzantion and the signature of the artist Pelanidas of Aegina, late 6th c. BC. Nos. 2–4 new signatures of artists: Daippos of Sicyon, son of Lysippos, who was hitherto only known from literary sources, early 3rd c. BC (no. 2), Pyrilampos of Messene, ca. 200 BC (no. 3), and Eucheir of Athens, on the base of a statue of the philosopher Kritolaos, dating from the years after his embassy to Rome in 156/55 (no. 4).Après de courtes remarques sur l’histoire du corpus d’Olympia (IG VI), quatre nouvelles inscriptions du sanctuaire sont éditées: 1: base archaïque (des vestiges d’une statue de bronze sont conservés), avec inscription votive des Byzantins et une inscription de l’artiste de Pelanisa d’Égine, fin du 6e s.a.C. 2–4: nouvelles inscriptions d’artistes: Daippos de Sicyone, qui n’était connu, à ce jour, que par la littérature comme le fils de Lysippe, début du 3e s.a.C. (2), Pyrilampos de Messène, vers 200 a.C. (3), et Eucheir d’Athènes, sur une base pour le philosophe Kritolaos, datant des années suivant son ambassade romaine de 156/55 (4)