ATP Release from Dying Autophagic Cells and Their Phagocytosis Are Crucial for Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages

Pathogen-activated and damage-associated molecular patterns activate the inflammasome in macrophages. We report that mouse macrophages release IL-1β while co-incubated with pro-B (Ba/F3) cells dying, as a result of IL-3 withdrawal, by apoptosis with autophagy, but not when they are co-incubated with living, apoptotic, necrotic or necrostatin-1 treated cells. NALP3-deficient macrophages display reduced IL-1β secretion, which is also inhibited in macrophages deficient in caspase-1 or pre-treated with its inhibitor. This finding demonstrates that the inflammasome is activated during phagocytosis of dying autophagic cells. We show that activation of NALP3 depends on phagocytosis of dying cells, ATP release through pannexin-1 channels of dying autophagic cells, P2X7 purinergic receptor activation, and on consequent potassium efflux. Dying autophagic Ba/F3 cells injected intraperitoneally in mice recruit neutrophils and thereby induce acute inflammation. These findings demonstrate that NALP3 performs key upstream functions in inflammasome activation in mouse macrophages engulfing dying autophagic cells, and that these functions lead to pro-inflammatory responses

Lasergestuetztes Sensorsystem zur Online-Prozesskontrolle fuer das US-Bonden von Mikrosystemen (LASOP-MST) Abschlussbericht

The project served the further development of standard deformation control during ultrasonic wirebonding. The innovative aspect of the project is the implementation of laser-optical vibration measurement in the first phase of interconnection (cleaning phase). In this context it was proven that an interferometric measurement system can be successfully applied for the online recording of vibration amplitude at automatic bonding systems (rotating head). Simultaneously, a functional dependence between interconnection quality and vibration kinetics was observed. These relations were transferred into a new online quality control system, leading to an increase in process stability and bond quality. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F00B1304+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman