Extension and validation of the consumption value theory with specific reference to the patronage of shopping centres

D.Com. (Marketing)Study Objectives The primary objective of this study was to validate the consumption value theory developed by Sheth et al (1991), and to extend it to the patronage decision. Procedure A comprehensive survey of patronage research was conducted, and all the determinants of shopping- and patronage behaviour were identified. These eterminants were then classified as attribute level, or higher order level factors. The attribute level factors were used to prompt respondents in the laddering interviews that were conducted. The interviews were analysed, and the contents of the interviews were coded according to the laddering methodology. This resulted in the generation of a implication matrix, as well as hierarchical value maps the linkages between attributes, consequences and linkages. The results of these qualitative interviews were the identification of further attributes, consequences and values. The consequences so identified were then compared to the results of the extensive literature survey, and then aggregated and evaluated to determine whether they conceivably fit the consumption value categories. Findings The consumption value theory (which identifies five value constructs) was triangulated with the means-end theory (which postulates that attributes, consequences and values form a hierarchical relationship) and it is concluded that both these theories integrate well into an extended consumption value theory. The CVT can then be considered to be theoretically validated. The validated theory was applied in the context of the patronage (-of shopping centres) decision, and it was found to extend to this previously untested decision. The research revealed a sixth value construct (significant value), but did not allow for the testing of the conditional value construct. Conclusion The consumption value theory is a significant advance in consumer behaviour theory, and has been successfully applied to the patronage decision

Print - Oct. 3, 1980

https://neiudc.neiu.edu/print/1429/thumbnail.jp

Color and tenderness in chilled or frozen pork loin chops after antioxident dipping and modified atmosphere packaging

The objective of this research was to evaluate color and tenderness in chilled or frozen pork loin chops after antioxidant dipping and modified atmosphere packaging. Loin chops were dipped in 0.3 M calcium chloride, 2.0 % sodium ascorbate, 0.2 M calcium ascorbate, or 0.3 M calcium ascorbate. Non-dipped chops served as controls. Chops were packaged in high oxygen (80% O2 / 20% CO2) or no oxygen (80% N2 / 20% CO2) and stored chilled (4° C) for 7 days or frozen (-18° C) for 21 days. After storage, chops were displayed under continuous fluorescent lighting for 3 or 6 days. Instrumental color evaluations indicated that Longissimus dorsi (LD) L* values (lightness) were not significantly different between treatment combinations. However, chops dipped in 0.2 M or 0.3 M calcium ascorbate, stored frozen, packaged in high oxygen, and displayed for 3 days had higher final LD a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values than other treatment combinations. Sodium or calcium ascorbate increased a* and b* values in vertebrae bone. Chops frozen for 21 days, dipped in 0.2 M or 0.3 calcium ascorbate, packaged in high oxygen, and displayed for 3 days had higher vertebrae a* and b* values than other treatment combinations. This combination of factors indicates that high oxygen atmospheres along with ascorbate and freezing will help keep the hemoglobin iron in a reduced state. In addition, chops dipped in 0.2 M calcium ascorbate, packaged in high oxygen, frozen for 21 days, and displayed for 3 days had lower percent drip loss, percent cook loss, and shear force values than other treatment combinations. Based on the results of our experiment, dipping pork loin chops in 0.2 M calcium ascorbate, packaging in high oxygen, freezing for 21 days, and displaying for 3 days will enhance color and tenderness

Polymer degradation and the matching of FR chemistry to degradation

In fires, polymeric materials are consumed by flaming combustion which is a gas phase process. Thus the polymer must degrade to yield volatile combustible species to fuel the conflagration. To begin, this chapter first considers the various processes by which pure polymer systems degrade. Then any influence by which the presence of oxygen can affect these processes is discussed. The different structures of the various polymer types influence the end consequence of any decomposition and this will affect the resistance, if any, to combustion. At this point the polymer combustion cycle will be described

Archeological Significance Testing at Sites 41MU54, 41MU55, and 41MU57, Montague County, Texas with A Data Recovery Plan for Site 41MU55

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) conducted archeological significance testing at Sites 41MU54, 41MU55, and 41MU57, which are within the right-of-way of proposed road FM 677 between Illinois Bend, a community in Montague County, Texas, and a proposed bridge crossing the Red River at a location south of Courtney, a community in Love County, Oklahoma. As the construction will connect with a bridge that will be built with partial federal funding, the testing was undertaken under the guidelines of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and its implementing regulations, 36CFR, Part 800, and the National Environmental Policy Act. At Site 41MU54, a total of 74 work-hours was spent on hand-excavation of five square meters. No cultural remains were located, and the site is considered not significant. No additional research is recommended for this site. At Site 41MU55, 107 work-hours were spent on the hand-excavation of approximately eight square meters. Both historic and prehistoric components were identified. The historic component apparently represented casual disposal of household refuse during the first half of the twentieth century and is considered not significant. The prehistoric component appears to represent a single occupation or event, probably dating to the Late Archaic time period. However, no diagnostic artifacts were recovered. The lower part of the prehistoric deposit, perhaps 15 to 20 cm thick, appears to be intact, and four features, identified as hearths, were located. Because of the presence of intact features within an apparent discrete Late Archaic component it is believed that this site is significant. Therefore, additional research is proposed for this site prior to construction, and the report includes a proposed data recovery plan. At Site 41MU57, 72 work-hours were spent excavating five square meters by hand and three trenches, each approximately 14 meters in length, by backhoe. Excavations revealed a very sparse lithic scatter confined to near surface deposits, and probably representing the remains of a small hunting camp which provided a good vantage point over the adjacent Red River floodplain. Because of erosion, the remains are almost certainly located within disturbed soils forming on deflated surfaces. No diagnostic artifacts were located. The site is believed to be not significant, and no additional research is recommended for this site

Archeological Significance Testing at Site 41SR191, Starr County, Texas

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) conducted archeological significance testing at Site 41SR191, within the right-of-way of proposed improvements to US 83 in Starr County. The site was recorded in 1991 during an archeological survey of additional rights-of-way required for highway improvements. At that time, the site was recorded as a surface scatter of burned rock fragments and lithic debitage in a fallow field, covering an area approximately 50 meters east-west by 150 meters north-south. Although it was thought that the site was unlikely to yield substantial significant information, the site was considered to be one of the two (out of a total of 25 recorded during the survey) most likely to yield significant information. Thus, additional testing was recommended for this site as the project involves federal funding. As the improvements will utilize federal funding, the testing was undertaken under the guidelines of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and its implementing regulations, 36CFR, Part 800, and the National Environmental Policy Act. A total of 120 work-hours was spent on hand-excavation of eight square meters and machine excavation of two trenches, each approximately 40 meters in length and two meters in depth. The testing yielded only five prehistoric biface fragments, none of which was temporally or culturally diagnostic, and relatively small quantities of lithic debitage, all confined within approximately 30 cm of the surface. Historic artifacts were found throughout the same depths of deposit. Thus, it was concluded that the site was extremely disturbed by historic land clearing and cultivation activities, and that the site was unlikely to yield any significant information. It is recommended that no additional cultural resources investigations be carried out at the site, and that the project be allowed to proceed

Archeological SignificanceTesting at Site 41EC7, Ector County, Texas

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDoT) conducted archeological significance testing at site 41EC7, which is within the right-of-way of a proposed portion of Loop 338, southwest of Odessa in Ector County. The testing was undertaken in compliance with the Texas Antiquities Code, as construction will be undertaken with state funds. When recorded in November 1992, by TxDoT archeologists conducting a cultural resources survey of the right-of-way for the proposed Loop, the site was noted to consist of a thin scatter of fire-cracked rock and occasional chert flakes spread along the north side of Monahans Draw for a distance of over 3000 meters; but, no chert flakes were found within the right-of-way. The testing was conducted between March 9 and 17, 1993 under the supervision of G. R. Dennis Price. Approximately 337 work-hours were expended in testing and recording at the site. Approximately eleven cubic meters of fill from twenty 1 x 1 meter test units was hand excavated and screened through 1/4-inch hardware cloth. A gross (144) of shovel tests approximately 30 x 30 cm in plan were also dug. Depths varied from as little as S cm to over 75 cm, depending on depth of bedrock. Fill was screened through 1/4-inch hardware cloth. Finally, three backhoe trenches, each approximately 1 meter in width and over 20 meters in length were also excavated to bedrock. The only definite cultural remains recovered from the site consist of an edge-modified flake (perhaps a fragment of a scraper) and two chert chips. None of these artifacts can be associated with a particular time period or a particular culture. The artifacts were widely distributed across the area that was tested, so that no discrete locus of occupation or activity could be determined. Further, because of the distances between the artifacts, it is possible that they are not related to a single occupation or event. Burned caliche observed primarily within a hundred or so feet of Monahans Draw may be the result of deliberate prehistoric human activity. However, no discrete hearths or well defined concentrations were observed, neither were any chert flakes. Based on the general absence of cultural material recovered from the testing, it is believed that the portion of the reported site within the highway right-of-way does not meet the criteria of significance for State Archeological Landmark status. Thus, it is recommended that highway construction should be allowed to proceed with no additional cultural resources research

Significance Testing at Sites 41FY170 and 41FY509, Fayette County, Texas

The State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) conducted archaeological significance testing at Sites 41FY170 and 41FY509 which are within the right-of-way proposed improvements to State Highway 71 in the vicinity of Plum, a community in Fayette County. As the construction will use federal funding, the testing was undertaken under the guidelines of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and its implementing regulations, 36CFR, Part 800, and the National Environmental Policy Act. Testing at Site 41FY170 revealed both prehistoric and historic artifacts. The prehistoric artifacts, none of which are temporally or culturally diagnostic, indicate that the area was used for the selection and preliminary reduction of chert gravels which occur naturally on the ridge. No stratification within the cultural zone was observed, nor were any cultural features observed. The historic artifacts appear to represent a thin sheet midden of domestic remains, probably dating to the late 1800s and associated with a historic structure on the property. Test excavations at Site 41FY509 revealed large quantities of cultural debris. However, most consisted of lithic fragments which could not be associated with a particular temporal period or specific cultural group; and those few artifacts that were temporally diagnostic indicated that the site had been occupied (at least intermittently) over a long period of time (from the Paleoindian/Archaic Transition through the Neoarchaic), and that there was neither stratigraphic nor horizontal separation of artifacts from different time periods. No cultural features were located. Based on the results of the test excavations and subsequent laboratory analysis of recovered materials, neither of the sites is considered to meet the criteria for significance defined in 36CFR, Part 60.4. Based on these assessments, no additional cultural research is recommended prior to construction activities. Although there is little or no probability for the presence of significant areas of undisturbed buried cultural remains, there is a slight possibility that small, isolated cultural features may still be present within the area, and thus such features may be encountered during earth-moving operations. Machine operators/supervisors should be alerted to the possibility of such features. If features are encountered, construction should be stopped until qualified archaeologists have had an opportunity to assess the remains. The probability of encountering such remains is considered too low to warrant archaeological monitoring

Exploring the Impact of Field-Based Supervision Practices in Teaching for Social Justice

The purpose of this study is to understand how field-based supervisory practices support preservice teachers’ conceptualizations of reflective practice, curriculum inquiry, and social justice-oriented pedagogies. Moving away from the more traditional supervisory triad model (e.g., preservice student--cooperating teacher--university supervisor), our qualitative investigation examined five supervisory practices: formal observation, Lesson Study, video debriefs/observations, guided observations, and participation in Intellectual Learning Communities (ILCs). Through a case study of two preservice teachers, this study highlights how these supervisory practices helped support preservice teachers’ notions of reflective practice and curriculum inquiry but did not deepen their notions of social justice and inclusivity

Minimizing Regrowth When Removing Russia Olive = Points to Consider

This fact sheet provides the results of a variety of trials conducted to gain a greater understanding of the patterns of Russian olive regrowth and determine management practices that reduce the regrowth potential of mechanically-removed Russian olive