Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Survey of Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnants

We report the progress to date from an ongoing unbiased ultraviolet survey of supernova remnants in the Magellanic Clouds using the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite. This survey is obtaining spectra of a random large sample of Magellanic Cloud supernova remnants with a broad range of radio, optical, and X-ray properties. To date, 39 objects have been observed in the survey (38 in the LMC and one in the SMC) and 15 have been detected, a detection rate of nearly 40%. Our survey has nearly tripled the number of UV-detected SNRs in the Magellanic Clouds (from 8 to 22). Because of the diffuse source sensitivity of FUSE, upper limits on non-detected objects are quite sensitive in many cases. Estimated total luminosities in O~VI span a broad range from considerably brighter to many times fainter than the inferred soft X-ray luminosities, indicating that O~VI can be an important and largely unrecognized coolant in certain objects. We compare the optical and X-ray properties of the detected and non-detected objects but do not find a simple indicator for ultraviolet detectability. Non-detections may be due to clumpiness of the emission, high foreground extinction, slow shocks whose emission gets attenuated by the Magellanic interstellar medium, or a combination of these effects.Comment: 34 pages, 26 figures in 8 separate JPG figure files; the characteristics of individual detected supernova remnants are summarized in an Appendi

FOXN1 forms higher-order nuclear condensates displaced by mutations causing immunodeficiency

The transcription factor FOXN1 is a master regulator of thymic epithelial cell (TEC) development and function. Here, we demonstrate that FOXN1 expression is differentially regulated during organogenesis and participates in multimolecular nuclear condensates essential for the factor’s transcriptional activity. FOXN1’s C-terminal sequence regulates the diffusion velocity within these aggregates and modulates the binding to proximal gene regulatory regions. These dynamics are altered in a patient with a mutant FOXN1 that is modified in its C-terminal sequence. This mutant is transcriptionally inactive and acts as a dominant negative factor displacing wild-type FOXN1 from condensates and causing athymia and severe lymphopenia in heterozygotes. Expression of the mutated mouse ortholog selectively impairs mouse TEC differentiation, revealing a gene dose dependency for individual TEC subtypes. We have therefore identified the cause for a primary immunodeficiency disease and determined the mechanism by which this FOXN1 gain-of-function mutant mediates its dominant negative effect

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Réalité du niveau de ligature de l'artère mésentérique inférieure dans la colectomie segmentaire inférieure gauche pour cancer

But du travail : Les sociétés de chirurgie digestive française et américaine recommandent une ligature à l origine de l artère mésentérique inférieure (AMI) en cas de sigmoïdectomie pour cancer, afin d assurer un curage lymphatique optimal. Nous avons évalué la corrélation entre le niveau de ligature décrit par le chirurgien et le niveau réel de ligature visualisé sur une tomodensitométrie post-opératoire. Méthodes : Entre décembre 2004 et août 2010, parmi 146 patients pris en charge pour cancer sigmoïdien, 51 mesures scannographiques (longueur du moignon artériel de l AMI, visualisation ou non de l artère colique gauche) étaient réalisées par un médecin radiologue en aveugle des données opératoires et comparées à ces dernières. Résultats : Cette étude inclus 63% d hommes avec un âge moyen de 69 ans. Une corrélation était retrouvée entre le niveau de ligature estimé par le chirurgien et celui mesuré sur une tomodensitométrie postopératoire dans 41% des cas. Aucun facteur de risque d absence de corrélation n a été retrouvé (parmi la coelioscopie, le sexe, le BMI, le contexte d urgence, le score ASA). Dans le groupe Absence de corrélation , le niveau de ligature de l AMI était sur-estimé dans 70% des cas. Aucune différence n était observée entre les groupes Corrélation et Absence de corrélation en terme de curage lymphatique, avec respectivement des résections emportant en moyenne 21.6 et 18 lymphonoeuds (p = 0.56), ainsi qu en terme de survie globale à 5 ans avec des survies moyennes de 71.4 et 93.1 mois (p = 0.57). Conclusion : La corrélation entre les données chirurgicale et radiologique est faible. Aucun facteur de risque de non-corrélation n était identifié, sans impact sur le curage lymphatique, la survie ou la prise en charge secondaire.AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocSudocFranceF

NADPH Oxidase 1 Controls the Persistence of Directed Cell Migration by a Rho-Dependent Switch of 2/ 3 Integrins

International audienceNADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is expressed mainly in colon epithelial cells and produces superoxide ions as a primary function. We showed that Nox1 knockdown inhibits directional persistence of migration on collagen I. This paper dissects the mechanism by which Nox1 affects the direction of colonic epithelial cell migration in a two-dimensional model. Transient activation of Nox1 during cell spreading on collagen 1 temporarily inactivated RhoA and led to efficient exportation of alpha2beta1 integrin to the cell surface, which supported persistent directed migration. Nox1 knockdown led to a loss of directional migration which takes place through a RhoA-dependent alpha2/alpha3 integrin switch. Transient RhoA overactivation upon Nox1 inhibition led to transient cytoskeletal reorganization and increased cell-matrix contact associated with a stable increase in alpha3 integrin cell surface expression. Blocking of alpha3 integrin completely reversed the loss of directional persistence of migration. In this model, Nox1 would represent a switch between random and directional migration through RhoA-dependent integrin cell surface expression modulation

Croissance et puberté : évolutions séculaires, facteurs environnementaux et génétiques

Dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, la taille moyenneatteinte à l’âge adulte a augmenté depuis la deuxièmemoitié du xixe siècle. Néanmoins, cette tendancecommence à s’infléchir dans certains pays sans que l’onen connaisse la cause. Parallèlement à l’augmentationde la taille, on observe une tendance à une pubertéplus précoce en particulier chez les filles. Certainsscientifiques suggèrent une relation avec l’épidémied’obésité. L’exploration des facteurs génétiques etenvironnementaux qui influencent la croissance et lamaturation constitue un vaste champ de recherche.À la demande du Régime social des indépendants (RSIex Canam), l’Inserm a réalisé une expertise collectivesur le thème de la croissance et de la puberté et leursévolutions afin de dégager des recommandations utilespour la santé publique et la recherche. Mieux connaîtrel’évolution de la croissance moyenne de la populationen France, approfondir les liens entre l’initiation de lapuberté, les facteurs d’environnement et la survenue demaladies sont des pistes à explorer

MgAl and ZnAl layered double hydroxides modified with molybdate and tungstate anions as catalysts for oxidation of cyclohexane

International audienceCatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with H 2 O 2 was performed at a mild temperature of 40 °C and atmospheric pressure, using ZnAl or MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) modified with tungstate and molybdate anions as catalysts in heterogeneous medium. The catalysts were prepared by direct anion exchange reactions of tungstate and molybdate on LDHs intercalated with chloride/carbonate anions. All the solids showed catalytic activity in the cyclohexane oxidation, with slight selectivity for the ketone product. The catalytic efficiency was sensitive to the M 2+ present in the composition of the LDH as well as to the anions. ZnAl-modified with WO 4 was more active and more selective for ketone than the MgAl-modified WO 4 or any molybdate-based LDH catalysts

Electrical Evidence of the Tunable Electrical Bragg Bandgaps in Piezoelectric Plates

International audienc