"Wir Beniner sind keine Deutschen" - Zur soziokulturellen Problematik der Zusammenarbeit mit Partnerfachkräften in Benin

Häufig wird erst bei der Schlußevaluierung von TZ-Projekten erkannt, daß das Nichterreichen von Teilzielen oder gar das Scheitern des gesamten Projektes auf die mangelnde Berücksichtigung sozialer und soziokultureller Voraussetzungen zurückzuführen sind. Es reicht nicht aus, technische, ökonomische und organisatorische, am europäischen Modell orientierte Ansätze modifiziert zu übertragen. Ausgehend von ökologischen, ökonomischen, sozialen, politischen und kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen müssen angemessene Problemlösungen gemeinsam mit den Zielgruppen entwickelt und umgesetzt werden. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob das Instrumentarium der GTZ mit der Bevorzugung der Projektabwicklung über staatliche Träger dieser Aufgabe gerecht werden kann.Auhtor's versionAbstract: "We Beninese are no Germans" - On the socio-cultural problematic of cooperating with counterparts in Benin Republic. The non-achievement of specific targets, and even the failure of the whole project, is often only detected at the final or ex-post evaluation of aid-projects. This is due to several factors, last but not least, the lack of attention to social and cultural setting of the local population. The transfer of modified technical, economic and organizational approaches of development, orientated at the development of industrialized European nations is doomed to fail. Based on ecological, economic, social, political and cultural frameworks of the host country appropriate solutions should be jointly developed and implemented in close cooperation with the local population. This raises the question whether the instruments of “technical cooperation” as actually preferred by German ODA, developed and implemented by the GTZ, are appropriate in view of the preference for project execution in close collaboration with official authorities.Résumé: "Nous, les Beninois, nous ne sont pas comme les Allemands" - Sur la problématique socio-culturelle de la coopération avec des homologues en République du Bénin : Souvent la non-réalisation des objectifs spécifiques, et même l'échec de l'ensemble du projet, n’est que détectées pendant l'évaluation finale ou ex-post des projets au développement. Cela est dû à plusieurs facteurs, last but not least, le manque d'attention au contexte social et culturel de la population locale. Le transfert des approches techniques, économiques et organisationnelles de développement, orientées au développement des nations européennes industrialisées est vouée à l'échec. Basé sur les fondements écologiques, économiques, sociales, politiques et culturelles du pays hôte, des solutions appropriées devraient être élaborées conjointement et mis en œuvre en étroite collaboration avec la population locale. Cela soulève la question de savoir si les instruments de «coopération technique» qui sont préféré par l'ODA allemande, développé et mis en œuvre par la GTZ, sont appropriées, compte tenu de la préférence pour l'exécution du projet en étroite collaboration avec les autorités officielles

Torsion nonminimally coupled to the electromagnetic field and birefringence

In conventional Maxwell--Lorentz electrodynamics, the propagation of light is influenced by the metric, not, however, by the possible presence of a torsion T. Still the light can feel torsion if the latter is coupled nonminimally to the electromagnetic field F by means of a supplementary Lagrangian of the type l^2 T^2 F^2 (l = coupling constant). Recently Preuss suggested a specific nonminimal term of this nature. We evaluate the spacetime relation of Preuss in the background of a general O(3)-symmetric torsion field and prove by specifying the optical metric of spacetime that this can yield birefringence in vacuum. Moreover, we show that the nonminimally coupled homogeneous and isotropic torsion field in a Friedmann cosmos affects the speed of light.Comment: Revtex, 12 pages, no figure

Development and test of a 35 kA - HTS CroCo cable demonstrator

The answer to energy-efficient electric power transfer of high currents in the range of several tens of kA can be given by high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables. BSCCO and MgB2 have been used widely for such cables, reaching maximum currents of about 20 kA. REBCO coated conductors are promising for future HTS cables beyond 20 kA and allow the operation based on subcooled liquid nitrogen. Several cabling concepts based on REBCO tapes were developed world-wide to realize such cables. Using the stacked-Tape concept, a scalable semi-industrial process was developed by KIT, called HTS CrossConductor (HTS CroCo). Key aspects of the conceptual design of high-current HTS cables are discussed and the design of a 35 kA DC cable demonstrator made from HTS CroCo strands is presented. Aspects regarding joints, current redistribution between individual strands and electrical stabilization are highlighted. The performance of this demonstrator cable was tested, reaching the envisaged current

Study of the photon flux from the night sky at La Palma and Namibia, in the wavelength region relevant for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes

The level of the night sky background light at La Palma and Namibia was determined, with emphasis on the wavelength region and solid angle coverage relevant for the operation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The dependence of the night sky background light both on celestial coordinates (alt, az) and on galactic coordinates (b, l) was measured, with an angular resolution of about 1 degr. Average light levels near the zenith are similar in both locations -- 2.2 x 10^12 to 2.6 x 10^12 photons per sr s m^2 for 300 nm < lambda < 650 nm. With increasing zenith angle the level of background light increases at La Palma, whereas a constant level is measured in Namibia. Near the center of the Milky Way, background light levels are increased by a factor up to 4 and more. Also the level of light backscattered from the ground has been studied.Comment: 21 Pages, 12 figures, Latex, Nucl. Instr. Meth., in pres

Linguistic evaluation of support verb constructions by OpenLogos and google translate

This paper presents a systematic human evaluation of translations of English support verb constructions produced by a rule-based machine translation (RBMT) system (OpenLogos) and a statistical machine translation (SMT) system (Google Translate) for five languages: French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. We classify support verb constructions by means of their syntactic structure and semantic behavior and present a qualitative analysis of their translation errors. The study aims to verify how machine translation (MT) systems translate fine-grained linguistic phenomena, and how well-equipped they are to produce high-quality translation. Another goal of the linguistically motivated quality analysis of SVC raw output is to reinforce the need for better system hybridization, which leverages the strengths of RBMT to the benefit of SMT, especially in improving the translation of multiword units. Taking multiword units into account, we propose an effective method to achieve MT hybridization based on the integration of semantico-syntactic knowledge into SMT.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

HTS CroCo - A Strand for High Direct Current Applications

High temperature superconductors (HTS) are discussed as energy-efficient solutions for applications needing high direct currents beyond 10 kA e.g. for large high-field magnets or bus bar systems in industrial electrolysis plants. A number of high-current cable concepts based on REBCO tapes were developed such as the Roebel cable, co-axially wound tapes and several stacked-tape arrangements, among them the HTS CrossConductor (HTS CroCo), a stacked-tape conductor with high current density developed at KIT. In this manuscript, the experimental test of a high DC demonstrator, termed Supra-DC-Cable, made from twelve HTS CroCo strands is presented. The demonstrator was tested successfully at T = 77 K, reaching the expected critical current of 33 kA at 77 K and even for a constant-current operation at 36 kA for more than 30 minutes limited by the copper connections, not the superconducting cable. Currents and voltages were measured in all twelve strands individually during the parallel operation in the cable. These measured data allow the experimental validation of the modelled current distribution, based on the individual characterization of the twelve strands

Michael Gera v. County of Schuylkill

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvani

The Mu3e experiment: Toward the construction of an HV-MAPS vertex detector

The Mu3e experiment searches for the lepton flavor violating decay $\mu^+~\rightarrow~e^+~e^+~e^-$ with an ultimate aimed sensitivity of 1 event in $10^{16}$ decays. This goal can only be achieved by reducing the material budget per tracking layer to $X/X_0 \approx 0.1 \%$. High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HV-MAPS) which are thinned to 50 μm serve as sensors. Gaseous helium is chosen as coolant. Results of recent studies related to the sensor prototypes, the helium cooling, and module prototyping are presented. The recent chip submission MuPix10 has proven its functionality regarding efficiency and time resolution. The helium cooling system for the inner tracker could be verified using a full-scale prototype. A complete prototype equipped with MuPix10 chips will be tested inside the Mu3e magnet in summer 2021