The influence of contexts on entrepreneurial practices, a qualitative study

While it has long been recognised that access to various resources facilitates entrepreneurial processes, little is known about the influence of diverse contexts on the capital accumulation practices of entrepreneurs. Based on the lived experiences of 10 craft entrepreneurs, this thesis seeks to advance knowledge by developing a theory of practice which explains how embeddedness in multiple contexts affects entrepreneurs' resource management practices. Specifically, this study focuses on the effects of embeddedness in households and communities on the capital conversion and sharing practices of craft entrepreneurs. In doing so, it enhances understanding of entrepreneurs' social, spatial and temporal contexts. First, this study reveals a range of hitherto unidentified conversion processes, many of which involve the accumulation of multiple forms of capital, highlighting the complex nature of capital transformations. It also identifies a range of inhibitors and facilitators of these processes, which can be conversion-specific and can derive from household and community embeddedness. Second, the findings show that household members help entrepreneurs not only by providing free resources, but also by developing their psychological capital through boosting self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. Such emotional support is found to be particularly helpful in times of anxiety and stress and reliant upon household members' understanding of the entrepreneur. However, this study also demonstrates that household members' needs, problems and opinions can inhibit entrepreneurial practices, calling attention to the multifaceted relationship between business and family. Third, the data show the significant impact of embeddedness in communities upon entrepreneurs' actions. Participants are found to employ strategic actions to meet the expectations of community members and to conceal non-conforming traits and behaviours. Furthermore, it is revealed that community norms can lead entrepreneurs to share their various resources and engage in social entrepreneurial practices. Throughout, entrepreneurs' embeddedness within and negotiation between these social and spatial contexts is shown to be dependent upon their temporal contexts, further attesting to the considerable impacts of contexts upon entrepreneurs.While it has long been recognised that access to various resources facilitates entrepreneurial processes, little is known about the influence of diverse contexts on the capital accumulation practices of entrepreneurs. Based on the lived experiences of 10 craft entrepreneurs, this thesis seeks to advance knowledge by developing a theory of practice which explains how embeddedness in multiple contexts affects entrepreneurs' resource management practices. Specifically, this study focuses on the effects of embeddedness in households and communities on the capital conversion and sharing practices of craft entrepreneurs. In doing so, it enhances understanding of entrepreneurs' social, spatial and temporal contexts. First, this study reveals a range of hitherto unidentified conversion processes, many of which involve the accumulation of multiple forms of capital, highlighting the complex nature of capital transformations. It also identifies a range of inhibitors and facilitators of these processes, which can be conversion-specific and can derive from household and community embeddedness. Second, the findings show that household members help entrepreneurs not only by providing free resources, but also by developing their psychological capital through boosting self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. Such emotional support is found to be particularly helpful in times of anxiety and stress and reliant upon household members' understanding of the entrepreneur. However, this study also demonstrates that household members' needs, problems and opinions can inhibit entrepreneurial practices, calling attention to the multifaceted relationship between business and family. Third, the data show the significant impact of embeddedness in communities upon entrepreneurs' actions. Participants are found to employ strategic actions to meet the expectations of community members and to conceal non-conforming traits and behaviours. Furthermore, it is revealed that community norms can lead entrepreneurs to share their various resources and engage in social entrepreneurial practices. Throughout, entrepreneurs' embeddedness within and negotiation between these social and spatial contexts is shown to be dependent upon their temporal contexts, further attesting to the considerable impacts of contexts upon entrepreneurs

The importance of ‘fitting in’: collaboration and social value creation in response to community norms and expectations

This article explores the effects of embeddedness in communities upon entrepreneurial practices. Based on the lived experiences of 10 craft entrepreneurs, this study reveals that within certain contexts, such as craft communities, entrepreneurs are expected to exhibit high levels of camaraderie and generosity, which leads them to create social value by supporting their peers and freely sharing their resources. Entrepreneurs achieve ‘fitting in’ not only by learning accepted norms, but also by performing strategic actions which allow them to temporarily adapt their conduct to meet the expectations of community members. Thus, this study exposes a largely concealed element of social entrepreneurial practice. This article also reveals that embeddedness in communities can lead entrepreneurs to collaborate with potential competitors. Craft entrepreneurs share their economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital in order to support and help revitalise their communities, to perpetuate their respective industries and to sustain a genuine interest in hand-crafted products. They consider such supportive behaviour a social responsibility that is shared among community members and a task that is passed from one generation to the next. Thus, this article reveals that collaboration and social value creation can be embraced in response to community norms and expectations

The process of embedding a small firm in its industrial context

This article explores the activities involved in embedding a small firm in its industrial context. Inductive analysis of longitudinal, case study data collected from a small firm in the creative industries highlights the use of networks and networking as embedding mechanisms. Key emergent themes include the impacts of pre-embeddedness (defined as the sum of all cultural, social and symbolic capital accessible to the founding team prior to business start-up), the vision and network orientation of the founding team and their strategic use of networking. The interplay between these conditions and activities is revealed as important in building legitimacy, which is critical for embedding a firm in its industrial context. This article extends knowledge of embedding beyond the initial phase of new venture creation and highlights the emergent and evolving dynamics behind this process

Painting the full picture : the conversion of economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital

This article explores how and why entrepreneurs convert their available economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital. We utilise Bourdieu’s theory of practice as a conceptual framework to explore the lived experiences of 10 craft entrepreneurs. This study reveals that transforming capital is a natural and enjoyable process, with our findings highlighting the convertible, multifaceted nature of different forms of capital. We also uncover previously unidentified forms of capital conversions and demonstrate that the conversion process can involve multiple forms of capital. Furthermore, our findings show that craft entrepreneurs give no primacy to economic capital, whose transformations form part of a larger process of capital conversion

O processo de indexação nos arquivos de universidades: representação e usos no sistema de registros da Universidade Federal Fluminense.

Objective. This article aimed at analyzing the indexing process within the record production phase at the registry system of Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Design/Methodology/Approach. It has done in two steps. First, a quantitative and qualitative survey were done in information science and archive science journals. Likewise, it was investigated how the indexing has been incorporated into the Sistema Protocolo Integrado (SPI) that was instituted by a Brazilian legislation in 2014. Second, it was analyzed how the indexing was working in the registry system of UFF. Results/Discussion. There were a few number of articles produced in information science area about indexing in archives. Archive science journals present the indexing as a secondary process. There were also approaches in which indexing was subordinated to archival description. Moreover, the Brazilian laws regarding SPI implementation did not define indexing polices, even though it is considered one step of record registry. UFF was implementing the SPI in its registry system, but indexing policies was not being thought. The indexing technique has been applied empirically according to the experience of each scrivener. Conclusions. The records indexing is part of social practices and it is done by community language use. Universities, as producer entities, have specificities according to their administrative dynamics, hierarchical structures and decisions. Those characteristics make universities differ from other organizations. Originality/Value. The strategy dimensions of analysis and representation of records aiming to the retrieval of information in the production phase of archives has been little explored in the literature of the fields of Information Science and Archival Science. However, with the adoption of computerized and integrated information systems in our contemporaneity, indexing has been a recurrent practice in the registry systems of universities. The present work seeks to reflect on such praxis in order to contribute with important issues faced in the routine of those information systems

Aproximación analítica a la poética del “cine de conversación” de Eduardo Coutinho

Màster Oficial en Estudis Avançats en Història de l'Art. Facultat de Geografia i Història de la UB. Curs: 2017-2018, Tutor: Juan José Caballero MolinaNo cabe duda que Eduardo Coutinho es el nombre más destacado del cine documental brasileño. El cineasta ha hecho aportaciones, no sólo en el campo cinematográfico de este país, sino que además, es preciso destacar que su obra traspasa fronteras, al traer consigo reflexiones sobre el propio oficio del cine, principalmente, aquel que tiene como preocupación principal, el acoger y representar la palabra ajena. Este director es conocido por haber dirigido encuentros, entre él y sus personajes, a partir de una actitud empática y afectiva, la cual, viabilizaba la obtención de conversaciones espontáneas e íntimas, que finalmente, daban lugar a la fabulación por parte de los individuos que filmaba, permitiéndoles realizar verdaderas performances de sus propias historias

Conception et mise en place d'expériences de diffusion de l'eau et de solutés dans des milieux poreux modèles d'argiles gonflantes

La plupart des données existantes de diffusion d'eau et de solutés sont obtenues pour des roches argileuses extrêmement complexes ou des échantillons en apparence plus simples préparés à base d'argiles gonflantes sodiques de type smectite. Ces dernières pouvant présenter des organisations très variables et encore mal comprises (phase gel-floc-suspension stable) en conditions saturées, il reste très difficile de contraindre les modèles à double milieu (eau porale ou interfoliaire) parfois avancés pour interpréter des expériences de diffusion. Un système modèle d'argiles gonflantes reflétant réellement un double milieu a pu être obtenu à partir de trois fractions granulométriques d'une vermiculite-Na. Celles-ci ne présentent pas de phase gel en conditions saturées mais des particules bien définies dont la morphologie et l'organisation ont pu être caractérisées. Un dispositif de diffusion a été développé afin d'étudier la diffusion de HDO et Br- pour ces différentes fractions en fonction de la porosité. L'avantage majeur de ce dispositif est de pouvoir préparer des échantillons par sédimentation analysables en tomographie de rayons-X afin de valider leur homogénéité organisationnelle ; hypothèse considérée dans les modélisations. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que cette nouvelle voie de préparation conduit à des échantillons plus homogènes par rapport aux méthodes classiques. Les premières perspectives quant à l'utilisation de ces doubles milieux modèles se dégagent à travers les premiers résultats de diffusion obtenus puisque leurs caractéristiques géométriques parfaitement contrôlées peuvent permettre de pondérer l'impact des différents processus de transport potentielsMost of existing data on diffusion of water and solutes were obtained either on extremely complex clayey rocks or on seemingly more simple samples prepared from sodium-saturated swelling clay minerals, namely smectites. Because these latter can exhibit in water-saturated conditions various organizations not yet fully understood (gel phase-floc-stable suspension), it is still difficult to constrain dual-porosity media modeling (pore or interlayer water) sometimes considered for interpreting results from diffusion experiments. A model system for swelling clay minerals, mimicking a true dual-porosity medium, was obtained by using three size fractions of a Na-vermiculite. These fractions do not exhibit gel-like behavior in water-saturated conditions but rather well defined particles, whose morphology and organization have been characterized. An experimental set-up was designed for the investigation of HDO and Br- diffusion in these size-fractions as a function of porosity. The main advantage of this set up is that it allows assessing for the organizational homogeneity of a sample prepared by sedimentation process through X-ray tomography measurements, an assumption considered for diffusion modeling. The obtained results showed that this new method for sample preparation leads to more homogeneous samples as compared to classical procedures. The first perspectives concerning the use of these dual-porosity model systems are drawn from the first diffusion results obtained, as the well-controlled geometrical characteristics of these model systems successfully help in balancing the contribution of the different potential transport processes.POITIERS-SCD-Bib. électronique (861949901) / SudocSudocFranceF

O processo de indexação nos arquivos de universidades: representação e usos no sistema de registros da Universidade Federal Fluminense.

Objective. This article aimed at analyzing the indexing process within the record production phase at the registry system of Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Design/Methodology/Approach. It has done in two steps. First, a quantitative and qualitative survey were done in information science and archive science journals. Likewise, it was investigated how the indexing has been incorporated into the Sistema Protocolo Integrado (SPI) that was instituted by a Brazilian legislation in 2014. Second, it was analyzed how the indexing was working in the registry system of UFF. Results/Discussion. There were a few number of articles produced in information science area about indexing in archives. Archive science journals present the indexing as a secondary process. There were also approaches in which indexing was subordinated to archival description. Moreover, the Brazilian laws regarding SPI implementation did not define indexing polices, even though it is considered one step of record registry. UFF was implementing the SPI in its registry system, but indexing policies was not being thought. The indexing technique has been applied empirically according to the experience of each scrivener. Conclusions. The records indexing is part of social practices and it is done by community language use. Universities, as producer entities, have specificities according to their administrative dynamics, hierarchical structures and decisions. Those characteristics make universities differ from other organizations. Originality/Value. The strategy dimensions of analysis and representation of records aiming to the retrieval of information in the production phase of archives has been little explored in the literature of the fields of Information Science and Archival Science. However, with the adoption of computerized and integrated information systems in our contemporaneity, indexing has been a recurrent practice in the registry systems of universities. The present work seeks to reflect on such praxis in order to contribute with important issues faced in the routine of those information systems

A retrotransposon 412 insertion within an exon of the Drosophila melanogaster vermilion gene is spliced from the precursor RNA.

Three alleles of the Drosophila melanogaster vermilion (v) gene are suppressed by recessive mutations at the suppressor of sable [su(s)], gene. Previous work has established that these alleles have identical insertions of the 412 retrotransposon in the 5'-untranslated region of the gene. Despite the transposon insertion in an exon, v mutants accumulate trace amounts of apparently wild-type-sized transcripts in a su(s)+ background, and the level of v transcript accumulation is increased by su(s) mutations. Here, we have characterized transcripts from a suppressible v mutant in both su(s)+ and su(s)- backgrounds by S1 nuclease protection experiments and sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) generated cDNA clones. We find that transposon sequences are imprecisely eliminated from v mutant transcripts by splicing at donor and acceptor sites located near the ends of the 412 retrotransposon. Four different 5' donor sites are alternatively spliced to a single 3' acceptor site. The implications of this finding are discussed in relation to possible functions of the su(s)+ gene product