Wiederansiedlung seltener und gefährdeter Ackerwildpflanzen auf Ökobetrieben. Teilprojekt Freising: Einfluss von Feldfrucht und Aussaatzeitpunkt

Intensive land use has led to a drastic decline of arable weeds in Central Europe. The objective of the project “Restoration of local populations of rare and endangered arable field plants on organic farms in Germany” is to develop methods for a successful re-establishment of arable weeds on fields where absence of herbicides provides favourable development conditions. Two complementary approaches are tested by research teams at Freising and Witzenhausen. In Freising two exact trials were set up in order to find suitable crops and dates for the initial sowing of three rare and endangered species (Consolida regalis, Legousia speculum-veneris, Lithospermum arvense). The study area is located in the Munich Plain which is characterized by limestone gravel. First results show a better establishment of all three species on plots with a reduced sowing density of the crop. Furthermore, sowing in early autumn seems to be beneficial for the establishment of the study species

A Review of the "Digital Turn" in the New Literacy Studies

Digital communication has transformed literacy practices and assumed great importance in the functioning of workplace, recreational, and community contexts. This article reviews a decade of empirical work of the New Literacy Studies, identifying the shift toward research of digital literacy applications. The article engages with the central theoretical, methodological, and pragmatic challenges in the tradition of New Literacy Studies, while highlighting the distinctive trends in the digital strand. It identifies common patterns across new literacy practices through cross-comparisons of ethnographic research in digital media environments. It examines ways in which this research is taking into account power and pedagogy in normative contexts of literacy learning using the new media. Recommendations are given to strengthen the links between New Literacy Studies research and literacy curriculum, assessment, and accountability in the 21st century

Einfluss von Deckfrucht und Fruchtfolge auf die Wiederansiedlung gefährdeter Ackerwildpflanzen

Due to recent intensification of land use the arable flora is considered to belong to the most threatened groups of plants in Europe. Therefore, the objective of the project ‘re-introduction of rare arable plants on organic farms in Germany’ is to develop methods for a successful re-establishment of arable plants on fields with favourable management conditions. The present study describes the effects of different cover crops and crop rotations on the establishment of three endangered species (Consolida regalis, Legousia speculum-veneris, Lithospermum arvense) in a field experiment at Gräfelfing close to Munich. Results from the first 3 years indicate that successful establishment mainly depends on crop competition during the 1st year. As individual species respond differently to crop competition, successful conservation may necessitate a spatially differentiated concept where management of different sites is adapted to the individual requirements of different species

How to improve the Impulse business model of Olá

CEM

Impact of artificial intelligence on the role and job profile of project management professionals: a systematic literature review

This thesis examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the job profile of project management professionals (PMPs) through a systematic literature review (SLR) and a survey of PMPs to gather additional relevant insights. The results of the SLR and survey indicate a role shift to a more strategic nature, with an increased emphasis on soft skills and AI proficiency. Moreover, a research gap was identified between the practical, real-world application and the scholarly research focus regarding the usage of specific AI technologies in each domain. This study highlights the evolving requirements for PMPs in an AI-driven work environment

Current challenges of implementing anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change in models contributing to climate change assessments

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from European Geosciences Union (EGU) via the DOI in this record.Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) represents one of the key drivers of global environmental change. However, the processes and drivers of anthropogenic land-use activity are still overly simplistically implemented in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). The published results of these models are used in major assessments of processes and impacts of global environmental change, such as the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Fully coupled models of climate, land use and biogeochemical cycles to explore land use-climate interactions across spatial scales are currently not available. Instead, information on land use is provided as exogenous data from the land-use change modules of integrated assessment models (IAMs) to TBMs. In this article, we discuss, based on literature review and illustrative analysis of empirical and modeled LULCC data, three major challenges of this current LULCC representation and their implications for land use-climate interaction studies: (I) provision of consistent, harmonized, land-use time series spanning from historical reconstructions to future projections while accounting for uncertainties associated with different land-use modeling approaches, (II) accounting for sub-grid processes and bidirectional changes (gross changes) across spatial scales, and (III) the allocation strategy of independent land-use data at the grid cell level in TBMs. We discuss the factors that hamper the development of improved land-use representation, which sufficiently accounts for uncertainties in the land-use modeling process. We propose that LULCC data-provider and user communities should engage in the joint development and evaluation of enhanced LULCC time series, which account for the diversity of LULCC modeling and increasingly include empirically based information about sub-grid processes and land-use transition trajectories, to improve the representation of land use in TBMs. Moreover, we suggest concentrating on the development of integrated modeling frameworks that may provide further understanding of possible land-climate-society feedbacks.The research in this paper has been supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme project LUC4C (Grant No. 603542), ERC grant GLOLAND (No. 311819) and BiodivERsA project TALE (No. 832.14.006) funded by the Dutch National Science Foundation (NWO). This research contributes to the Global Land Project (www.globallandproject.org). This is paper number 26 of the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research

The overlooked spatial dimension of climate-smart agriculture

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and sustainable intensification (SI) are widely claimed to be high-potential solutions to address the interlinked challenges of food security and climate change. Operationalization of these promising concepts is still lacking and potential trade-offs are often not considered in the current continental- to global-scale assessments. Here we discuss the effect of spatial variability in the context of the implementation of climate-smart practices on two central indicators, namely yield development and carbon sequestration, considering biophysical limitations of suggested benefits, socioeconomic and institutional barriers to adoption, and feedback mechanisms across scales. We substantiate our arguments by an illustrative analysis using the example of a hypothetical large-scale adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) in sub-Saharan Africa. We argue that, up to now, large-scale assessments widely neglect the spatially variable effects of climate-smart practices, leading to inflated statements about co-benefits of agricultural production and climate change mitigation potentials. There is an urgent need to account for spatial variability in assessments of climate-smart practices and target those locations where synergies in land functions can be maximized in order to meet the global targets. Therefore, we call for more attention toward spatial planning and landscape optimization approaches in the operationalization of CSA and SI to navigate potential trade-offs

Naturschutzleistungen des Ökologischen Landbaus: Wiederansiedlung seltener und gefährdeter Ackerwildpflanzen naturräumlicher Herkünfte auf Ökobetrieben

Die Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft hat zum Rückgang vieler Ackerwildpflanzen geführt. Der Ökologische Landbau bietet günstige Voraussetzungen für ihren Schutz. Wie entsprechende Populationen etabliert werden können, untersuchte ein Verbundprojekt der Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, der Technischen Universität München und der Universität Kassel. Die AG Freising untersuchte drei seltene winterannuelle Arten (Consolida regalis, Legousia speculumveneris, Lithospermum arvense) in mehrfaktoriellen Feldversuchen, in Praxisaus-saaten auf Bio-Betrieben sowie in Gewächshausexperimenten. Messgrößen waren Individuendichte, Samenproduktion und Bodensamenvorrat der Zielarten, zudem wurde der Ertrag der Feldfrüchte bestimmt. Frühe Herbstsaaten und geringe Konkurrenz durch Kulturen brachten beste Erfolge. Zur erfolgreichen Ansiedlung der Ackerwildkräuter wird eine Aussaat in Blanksaat oder in reduziert gesäten Winterungen, wie Dinkel oder Roggen, bis spätestens Mitte Oktober empfohlen. Klee-Gras und Sommerungen wie Erbsen ermöglichten kaum bzw. kein Auflaufen der Zielarten, die jedoch teils im Bodensamenvorrat überdauern. Die AG Witzenhausen untersuchte die Wiederansiedlung von Ackerwildkräutern auf Praxis-betrieben. Dazu wurden artenreiche Spenderflächen identifiziert und autochthones Saatgut gefährdeter Arten entnommen. Samenmischungen wurden in Blühfenster und den benachbarten Getreidebestand ausgebracht. Zudem wurde die Übertragung von Oberboden arten-reicher Flächen getestet. Im Anlagejahr konnte sich bei beiden Verfahren ein Teil der eingebrachten Arten reproduzieren. Dies gelang bei Konkurrenz mit Getreide tendenziell schlechter. In den Folgejahren konnten bei Anbau von Getreide wiederum einige Arten nachgewiesen werden; die meisten Samen gelangten bei Bodenbearbeitung in tiefere Bodenschichten und reicherten die Samenbank an. Praxisempfehlungen zur Wiederansiedlung von Ackerwildkräutern auf ökologisch bewirtschafteten Äckern wurden als Broschüre veröffentlicht

An assessment of future rewilding potential in the United Kingdom

Restoring ecosystems is an imperative for addressing biodiversity loss and climate change, and achieving the targets of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. One form of restoration, rewilding, may have particular promise but may also be precluded by requirements for other forms of land use now or in the future. This opportunity space is critical but challenging to assess. We explored the potential area available for rewilding in Great Britain until the year 2080 with a multisectoral land-use model with several distinct climatic and socioeconomic scenarios. By 2080, areas from 5000 to 7000 km2 were either unmanaged or managed in ways that could be consistent with rewilding across scenarios without conflicting with the provision of ecosystem services. Beyond these areas, another 24,000–42,000 km2 of extensive upland management could provide additional areas for rewilding if current patterns of implementation hold in the future. None of these areas, however, coincided reliably with ecosystems of priority for conservation: peatlands, ancient woodlands, or wetlands. Repeatedly, these ecosystems were found to be vulnerable to conversion. Our results are not based on an assumption of support for or benefits from rewilding and do not account for disadvantages, such as potential losses of cultural landscapes or traditional forms of management, that were beyond the modeled ecosystem services. Nevertheless, potential areas for rewilding emerge in a variety of ways, from intensification elsewhere having a substantial but inadvertent land-sparing effect, popular demand for environmental restoration, or a desire for exclusive recreation among the wealthy elite. Our findings therefore imply substantial opportunities for rewilding in the United Kingdom but also a need for interventions to shape the nature and extent of that rewilding to maintain priority conservation areas and societal objectives