18 research outputs found
Decays of bosonic and fermionic modes on a domain wall
The decays of excited bosonic and excited fermionic modes in the external field of the domain wall are studied. The wave functions of the excited fermionic modes are found analytically in the external field approximation. Some properties of the fermionic modes are investigated. The reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated for fermion scattering from the domain wall. Properties of the reflection and transmission coefficients are studied. The decays of the first excited fermionic mode are investigated to the first order in the Yukawa coupling constant. The amplitudes, angular distributions, and widths of these decays are found by analytical and numerical methods. Decays of the excited bosonic mode are also investigated to the first order in the Yukawa and self-interaction coupling constants. The amplitudes, angular distributions, and widths of these decays are obtained analytically and by numerical methods
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Long-Term Incidence And Timing Of Intraocular Hypertension After Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection
Purpose: To describe the long-term incidence and timing of steroid-induced ocular hypertension after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) therapy. Design: Retrospective case series of 929 eyes of 841 patients. Participants: Patients with a variety of posterior segment disorders in a single group practice. Intervention: Pars plana injection of IVTA. Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure (IOP) and requirement for glaucoma surgery. Results: Overall, 929 eyes received ≥1 injections (mean, 1.6) of 4 mg of IVTA. During a mean follow-up period of 14±6.9 months, the Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidences of IOP elevations \u3e21 mmHg at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-injection were 28.2%, 34.6%, 41.2%, and 44.6%, respectively; similarly, the incidences of eyes with IOP measurements \u3e25 mmHg were 14.6%, 19.1%, 24.1%, and 28.2%, respectively. At the same time points, lOP-lowering medications were required byl3.0%, 16.9%, 20.7%, and 24.2% of eyes, respectively. Only 3 eyes (0.3%) required lOP-lowering surgery. Preexisting glaucoma, younger age, and a history of an IOP elevation after a previous IVTA injection were risk factors for IOP elevations after IVTA injection. The minimum and maximum follow-up were 3 weeks and 37 months. The mean rate of attrition in this study was 3% per month. Conclusions: Elevations in IOP after IVTA injection are common. Younger patients and eyes with preexisting glaucoma or a history of a steroid response should be monitored more closely for IOP elevations after IVTA therapy
Postinjection Endophthalmitis in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT)
To describe the incidence and outcomes of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) and to assess the effect of use of prophylactic topical antimicrobials on incidence
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Inferior intravitreal injection site associated with a higher incidence of post-injection endophthalmitis
AIM:To determine whether inferior injections had a higher incidence of post-injection endophthalmitis than superior injections. The incidence of endophthalmitis is higher for inferior than superior trabeculectomy filtering blebs, possibly due to bacteria pooling in the inferior tear lake. METHODS: A practice-wide database of endophthalmitis cases identified 5 occurring during the two-year study period. A retrospective review of 8 672 injections in 1 121 eyes of 909 patients treated during the same two-year study period was performed in order to assess the injection site location.RESULTS: Five eyes developed presumed infectious endophthalmitis. Eighty percent of endophthalmitis cases were injected inferiorly, even though 84.6% of the total cohort was injected superiorly. The odds ratio of infection associated with inferior injection location is 22.1(P=0.006).CONCLUSION:Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection is rare, occurring in only 0.025% of injections overall. Avoiding intravitreal injections in the inferior quadrants may further reduce the rate of endophthalmitis
The Impact of Electronic Reading Devices on Reading Speed and Comfort in Patients with Decreased Vision
The Impact of Electronic Reading Devices on Reading Speed and Comfort in Patients with Decreased Vision
Background/Aims. To evaluate the impact of back-illuminated and nonilluminated electronic reading devices on reading speed and comfort in patients with decreased vision. Methods. A prospective study involving a convenience sample of 167 patients at a single retina practice from January 2011 to December 2012. Participants were asked to read five different excerpts on five different media in a randomly assigned order. Media included a printed book at 12-point font (12PF), iPad2 at 12PF, iPad2 at 18-point font (18PF), Kindle2 at 12PF, and Kindle2 at 18PF. Reading speed in words per minute (WPM) and medium preference were recorded and stratified by visual acuity (VA). Results. Mean reading speeds in WPM: iPad2 at 18PF (217.0), iPad2 at 12PF (209.1), Kindle2 at 18PF (183.3), Kindle2 at 12PF (177.7), and printed book at 12PF (176.8). Reading speed was faster on back-illuminated media compared to nonilluminated media. Text magnification minimized losses in reading performance with worsening patient VA. The majority of participants preferred reading on the iPad2 at 18PF. Conclusions. Back-illuminated devices may increase reading speed and comfort relative to nonilluminated devices and printed text, particularly in patients with decreased VA
Retina specialists treating age-related macular degeneration recommend different approaches for patients than they would choose for themselves
To evaluate the presence of cognitive biases among retina physicians when recommending treatment options for exudative age-related macular degeneration.
Two random samples of retina specialists were surveyed regarding their treatment and dosing regimen choices among three anti-vascular endothelial growth factor biologics (aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab). One group was asked to provide recommendations for a standardized hypothetical patient with exudative age-related macular degeneration, whereas the other group was asked to provide recommendations as if they themselves were the standardized hypothetical patient with exudative age-related macular degeneration.
Two hundred and twenty-six respondents (28.3%) completed the survey and were divided equally between the survey groups. For patients, most physicians recommended bevacizumab (52.2%), but when choosing for themselves, physicians were divided equally among all 3 biologics (P = 0.011). The results were influenced by geographical location of the physician but not by the gender or length of practice. Furthermore, physicians differed in dosing regimen selection with the majority (73%) choosing treat and extend for patients, whereas only 63% selected this regimen for themselves (P = 0.004).
When considering cases of exudative age-related macular degeneration, physicians would recommend different treatments for themselves than they would for a patient
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Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections in the treatment of retinal vein occlusions
To report the visual acuity response after intravitreal triamcinolone injection in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions.
Retrospective nonrandomized interventional series of 172 consecutive patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions who were treated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Patients underwent Snellen visual acuity testing and ophthalmoscopic examination at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.
All subtypes of retinal vein occlusions showed significant improvements in mean visual acuity 1 month after injection. This improvement in visual acuity was maintained over the 12-month period for all but the central retinal vein occlusion group. Seventy-one (41.3%) of the 172 patients received more than one intravitreal triamcinolone injection for unresolved or recurrent macular edema.
This study demonstrates a benefit associated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for retinal vein occlusions that was maintained by patients with branch retinal vein occlusions and hemiretinal vein occlusions over a 12-month period. Visual acuity improvement was not maintained in patients with central retinal vein occlusions with this course of treatment