2,378 research outputs found
Super-Eddington Atmospheres that Don't Blow Away
We show that magnetized, radiation dominated atmospheres can support steady
state patterns of density inhomogeneity that enable them to radiate at far
above the Eddington limit, without suffering mass loss. The inhomogeneities
consist of periodic shock fronts bounding narrow, high-density regions,
interspersed with much broader regions of low density. The radiation flux
avoids the regions of high density, which are therefore weighed down by
gravity, while gas in the low-density regions is slammed upward into the shock
fronts by radiation force. As the wave pattern moves through the atmosphere,
each parcel of matter alternately experiences upward and downward forces, which
balance on average. Magnetic tension shares the competing forces between
regions of different densities, preventing the atmosphere from blowing apart.
We calculate the density structure and phase speed of the wave pattern, and
relate these to the wavelength, the density contrast, and the factor by which
the net radiation flux exceeds the Eddington limit. In principle, this factor
can be as large as the ratio of magnetic pressure to mean gas pressure, or the
ratio of radiation pressure to gas pressure, whichever is smaller. Although the
magnetic pressure must be large compared to the mean gas pressure in order to
support a large density contrast, it need not be large compared to the
radiation pressure. These highly inhomogeneous flows could represent the
nonlinear development of the "photon bubble" instability discovered by Gammie.
We briefly discuss the applicability of these solutions to astrophysical
systems.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journa
Risk-based bridge scour management:a survey
Scour is one of the major causes of bridge failure worldwide and results in significant economic losses through disruption to operation. This phenomenon naturally affects bridges with underwater foundations and is exacerbated during high river and/or turbulent flows (e.g. due to extreme events). When scour reaches the bottom or undermines shallow foundations it is likely to trigger various damage mechanisms that may in-fluence the safety of the structure and force asset managers to reduce traffic capacity. Currently, assessing risk of scour is a heuristic process, heavily reliant on qualitative approaches and expert opinion (e.g. visual inspections). These types of assessments typically suffer from insufficient knowledge of influencing factors (e.g. hydraulic parameters) and the requirement to rely on several assumptions (e.g. foundation depth). As a result, current scour assessment and bridge management practices do not provide reliable solutions for ad-dressing the potential risk of bridge failures. In this paper, cross-cutting needs and challenges related to the development of decision support tools for scour-risk management are highlighted and some preliminary re-sults of a literature survey are reported. The review has been performed with several objectives: (i) identify-ing scour-risk indicators describing hydrodynamic actions and the asset condition; (ii) defining indirect and direct consequences needed to assess the risks associated to different decision alternatives related to scour management; and (iii) identifying existing approaches to scour inspections and monitoring as support tools for informed decisions. The results of this survey will serve as a base for future research aimed to develop an informed decision support tool to manage scour risk at both the bridge and at the network level
Differential effectiveness of residential versus outpatient aftercare for parolees from prison-based therapeutic community treatment programs
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Research has indicated that more intense treatment is associated with better outcomes among clients who are appropriately matched to treatment intensity level based on the severity of their drug/alcohol problem. This study examined the differential effectiveness of community-based residential and outpatient treatment attended by male and female drug-involved parolees from prison-based therapeutic community substance abuse treatment programs based on the severity of their drug/alcohol problem.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects were 4,165 male and female parolees who received prison-based therapeutic community substance abuse treatment and who subsequently participated in <it>only </it>outpatient or <it>only </it>residential treatment following release from prison. The dependent variable of interest was return to prison within 12 months. The primary independent variables of interest were alcohol/drug problem severity (low, high) and type of aftercare (residential, outpatient). Chi-square analyses were conducted to examine the differences in 12-month RTP rates between and within the two groups of parolees (residential and outpatient parolees) based on alcohol/drug problem severity (low severity, high severity). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if aftercare modality (outpatient only vs. residential only) was a significant predictor of 12-month RTP rates for subjects who were classified as low severity versus those who were classified as high severity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Subjects benefited equally from outpatient and residential aftercare, regardless of the severity of their drug/alcohol problem.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>As states and the federal prison system further expand prison-based treatment services, the demand and supply of aftercare treatment services will also increase. As this occurs, systems and policies governing the transitioning of individuals from prison- to community-based treatment should include a systematic and validated assessment of post-prison treatment needs and a valid and reliable means to assess the quality of community-based treatment services. They should also ensure that parolees experience a truly uninterrupted continuum of care through appropriate recognition of progress made in prison-based treatment.</p
Why are we seeing an increasing incidence of infective endocarditis in the UK?
The increasing incidence of infective endocarditis in England is real, and education is critical to ensure swift diagnosis and best clinical outcomes. Factors responsible remain speculative, but multiple explanations are likely
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 5 Number 8
Calling All Nurses
Financial Report
Calendar of Events
Lest You Forget!
Attention
Review of the Alumnae Association Meetings
President\u27s Report
Barton Memorial Division
Oxygen Therapy
Welcome, White Haven Alumnae
Clinical Use of Penicillin in Infections of the Ears, Nose and Throat
Address - Graduation of Nurses, 1945
Miscellaneous Items
The Blood that Kills
The Story of Malaria
Program
Prizes - May, 1946
Capping Exercises
The Economic Security Program of the Pennsylvania State Nurses\u27 Association
The Clara Melville Scholarship Fund
Card of Thanks
The Poet\u27s Corner
The Hospital Pharmacy
Jefferson Medical College Hospital School of Nursing Faculty
Jefferson Hospital Gray Lady Unite, A.R.R.
The Volunteer Nurses\u27 Aides Salute Jefferson Nurses
Changes in the Staff at Jefferson Hospital
Red Cross Recruits
Did You Know That
The Pennsylvania Nurse
Medical College News
Magazine and Newspaper Items
Central Dressing Room and Transfusion Unit
Rules Concerning Central Dressing Room
Radios and Electrical Appliances
Attending College
Nurses in Anesthesia
Condolences
Marriages
New Arrivals
Deaths
The Bulletin Committee
Attention, Alumnae
New Addresse
Challenging Perceptions of Disability through Performance Poetry Methods: The "Seen but Seldom Heard" Project.
This paper considers performance poetry as a method to explore lived experiences
of disability. We discuss how poetic inquiry used within a participatory arts-based
research framework can enable young people to collectively question society’s
attitudes and actions towards disability. Poetry will be considered as a means to
develop a more accessible and effective arena in which young people with direct
experience of disability can be empowered to develop new skills that enable them
to tell their own stories. Discussion of how this can challenge audiences to critically reflect upon their own perceptions of disability will also be developed
Optimization of inhomogeneous electron correlation factors in periodic solids
A method is presented for the optimization of one-body and inhomogeneous
two-body terms in correlated electronic wave functions of Jastrow-Slater type.
The most general form of inhomogeneous correlation term which is compatible
with crystal symmetry is used and the energy is minimized with respect to all
parameters using a rapidly convergent iterative approach, based on Monte Carlo
sampling of the energy and fitting energy fluctuations. The energy minimization
is performed exactly within statistical sampling error for the energy
derivatives and the resulting one- and two-body terms of the wave function are
found to be well-determined. The largest calculations performed require the
optimization of over 3000 parameters. The inhomogeneous two-electron
correlation terms are calculated for diamond and rhombohedral graphite. The
optimal terms in diamond are found to be approximately homogeneous and
isotropic over all ranges of electron separation, but exhibit some
inhomogeneity at short- and intermediate-range, whereas those in graphite are
found to be homogeneous at short-range, but inhomogeneous and anisotropic at
intermediate- and long-range electron separation.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, REVTeX4, submitted to PR
Field Deployment of an Ambient Vibration-Based Scour Monitoring System at Baildon Bridge, UK
Scour, the loss of material around bridge foundations due to hydraulic action, is the main cause of bridge failures in the United
Kingdom and in many other parts of the world. Various techniques have been used to monitor bridge scour, ranging from scuba divers using
crude depth measuring instrumentation to high-tech sonar and radar-based systems. In contrast to most other techniques, vibration-based scour
monitoring uses accelerometers to provide real-time monitoring whilst also being robust and relatively simple to install. This is an indirect
technique that aims to measure changes in the dynamic response of the structure due to the effects of scour, rather than attempting to measure
scour directly. To date, research on vibration-based scour monitoring has been limited to laboratory-based experiments and numerical
simulations, both of which have indicated that the natural frequencies of bridges should indeed be sensitive to scour. Due to pre-existing
scouring, and planned repair work, Baildon Bridge in Shipley, Yorkshire provided a rare opportunity to validate vibration-based scour
monitoring in both a scoured and a repaired state. A sensor system was deployed with 10 Epson low-noise, high-sensitivity accelerometers to
measure the ambient vibration of the bridge before, during, and after the repair. This paper describes the installation of the accelerometer-based
system, the numerical modelling of the bridge and the model updating carried out with the initial findings. Initial operational modal analysis
has found two consistent vibration modes of the bridge that were scour sensitive according to the updated numerical model. But the variability
of the measured frequencies, compared to the expected scour induced change in frequency, indicates a potential challenge for monitoring scour
of small span bridges with vibration-based methods
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