Diuretic effect of Caesalpinia bonduc in rats

The diuretic effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of the dried seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc was studied in normal rats. Extracts were administered orally at two doses and furosamide was used as standard drug. Urine volume was significantly increased by the two doses of aqueous and methanol extracts in comparison to control group. While the excretion of sodium was also increased by both extracts, potassium excretions were only increased by the aqueous and methanol extracts at a higher dose. The present study provides a quantitative basis for explaining the use of seeds extracts of C. bonduc as a diuretic agent

Smart nanocomposites: Harnessing magnetically recoverable MWCNT-CF for efficient organic dyes reduction in water quality monitoring applications

The accelerating use of organic dyes in various industries has led to a surge in water pollution, especially from non-biodegradable dye effluents discharged into water resources. This study addresses the critical issue of catalyzing the reduction of two prevalent dyes, methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine-B (RhB), using a multiwalled carbon nanotube-cobalt ferrite (MWCNT-CF) nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity, stability, and recyclability. Conventional methods for treating dye-containing wastewater often prove expensive. This study explores the efficacy of catalytic reduction, a relatively fast process facilitated by semiconductor nanoparticles. Structural analyses using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirm the formation of the nanocomposite, revealing unsaturated surface bonds and chains conducive to adsorption. The nanocomposite exhibits a remarkable reduction in both dyes, with easy recyclability for multiple cycles. Magnetization studies confirm the ferrimagnetic nature of the nanocomposite, facilitating its efficient separation from the reaction mixture using a magnet. The study delves into the kinetics of the catalytic reduction following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The surface modifications of the nanocomposite, as revealed by TEM, contribute to enhanced adsorption and catalytic efficiency. Notably, the MWCNT-CF nanocomposite demonstrates negligible loss of catalytic activity during recycling, highlighting its potential for cost-effective and sustainable applications in dye reduction across various industries

Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of New Benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophenes

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> efficacies of four series of benzo­[<i>b</i>]­thiophene-2-carboxylic acid derivatives were studied against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Ra (MTB). Benzo­[<i>b</i>]­thiophenes were also tested <i>in vitro</i> against multidrug resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Ra (MDR-MTB), and <b>7b</b> was found to be highly active against A- and D-MDR-MTB/MTB (MIC ranges 2.73–22.86 μg/mL). The activity of all benzo­[<i>b</i>]­thiophenes against <i>M. bovis</i> BCG (BCG) was also assessed grown under aerobic and under conditions of oxygen depletion. Compounds <b>8c</b> and <b>8g</b> showed significant activity with MICs of 0.60 and 0.61 μg/mL against dormant BCG. The low cytotoxicity and high selectivity index data against human cancer cell lines, HeLa, Panc-1, and THP-1 indicate the potential importance of the development of benzo­[<i>b</i>]­thiophene-based 1,3-diketones and flavones as lead candidates to treat mycobacterial infections. Molecular docking studies into the active site of DprE1 (Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose-2′-epimerase) enzyme revealed a similar binding mode to native ligand in the crystal structure thereby helping to understand the ligand–protein interactions and establish a structural basis for inhibition of <i>MTB</i>. In summary, its good activity in <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> model, as well as its activity against multidrug-resistant <i>M</i>. <i>tuberculosis</i> H37Ra in a potentially latent state, makes <b>7b</b> an attractive drug candidate for the therapy of tuberculosis