A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF TANDULIYAKA IN GARBHINI PANDU W.S.R. TO ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY

Under-nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are widespread and affect mainly women and children. To address these problems, increased consumption of leafy vegetables is promoted as sources of both micronutrients and bio-active compounds. Widely promoted leafy vegetables include Amaranthus sp., Species of this genus are used as pseudo-cereals in Europe and America, and are mostly planted as vegetables in Africa. Amaranthus has been rediscovered as a promising food crop mainly due to its resistance to heat, drought, diseases and pests, and the high nutritional value of both seeds and leaves. Leaves are rich in proteins and micronutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin C and vitamin A. Pregnancy induces some physiological changes that often confuse the diagnosis of several disorders and the assessment of the suitable treatments. This is especially true in case of anaemia. The World Health Organization estimates that 58% of pregnant women in developing countries are anaemic. The two most common causes of anaemia during pregnancy are iron deficiency and acute blood loss. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world that affects particularly women of reproductive age. In the present study Amaranthus capsules showed significant improvement in terms of subjective parameters like Panduta, Hrid-drava, Shrama, Swasa, Aruchi, as well as objective parameters like Hb%, MCV, PCV, RBC etc. This study has revealed that Amaranthus capsules provided statistically significant improvement in the cardinal features of Garbhinipandu as well as it has showed good effect on jatharagni and nourishment of pregnant women and foetus without any side-effects, due to its properties like deepana, pachana, and high nutritional value

AJAMODA (APIUM LEPTOPHYLUM)- A NATURAL PAINKILLER

Ajamoda is an important drug of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems of medicine, which consists of umbelliferous fruits.  The drug to be used in the formulations are fruits of Apium leptophyllum. Apium is a genus of about 20 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. Some species are edible, notably Apium graveolance, Apium leptophylum, which includes the commercially important vegetables celery, celeriac and chinese celery. It is grown extensively in the South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia. Its aromatic dried fruits, like its close relative ajwain, are often used in Bengali cuisine but are rarely used in the rest of India. The fresh leaves are used as an herb in Thailand and it is used medicinally in Myanmar. The small dried fruits, commonly referred to as seeds, are similar in appearance to those of ajwain, celery, and caraway. Because of their similarity in both appearance and flavor, it is often confused or substituted with celery seed. Ajamoda consists of dried, aromatic fruits of Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. V. M. ex Benth. (Fam. Umbelliferae); an annual herb cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka; collected by thrashing plants on a mat and dried in shade or in drying sheds. The oil of seeds of Ajamoda is also used in compounding Ayurvedic formulations. While, fatty oil of seeds is antispasmodic and nerve stimulant, seeds of celery are rich in vitamin-B

TANDULIYAKA (AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS): A HIGHLY NUTRITIONAL HERB

In the past 20 years, very little progress has been achieved in reducing food insecurity, child malnutrition and hunger in Africa. Under-nutrition and micronutrients deficiencies are widespread and affect mainly women and children. To address these problems, increased consumption of African leafy vegetables is promoted as sources of both micronutrients and bio-active compounds. Widely promoted African leafy vegetables include Amaranthus sp., Species of this genus are used as pseudo-cereals in Europe and America, and are mostly planted as vegetables in Africa. Amaranthus has been rediscovered as a promising food crop mainly due to its resistance to heat, drought, diseases and pests, and the high nutritional value of both seeds and leaves. Leaves are rich in proteins and micronutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin C and vitamin A. All parts of the plant are used as medicine to heal many diseases in African communities. Tanduliyaka (A. viridis) is grown and utilized in many areas of the world as both a wild and cultivated pot herb. The plant is rich in calcium and iron and is a good source of vitamins B and C. Due to its small seed size and use as a pot herb, A. viridis is moved, both on purpose and unwittingly, throughout the world. The seeds can survive in the digestive tract of chickens. It is good cattle fodder, and is used medicinally and for making soap, but is poisonous to pigs.

Studies on Some Aspects of Diaeretiella Rapae (M, Intosh), A Parasitoid of Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis Erysimi Kalt

Two aspects in relation to host Lipaphis erysimi and parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae are studied. It in found that parasitization percentage depond on the host as well as the parasitoid density. Even single copulated female. Diaeretiella rapae in capable of parasiting 94 aphids within the three days. If number of host decrease super parasitism may also occur. Parasitization also effect the development rate of the parasitoid and it depends upon the stage of the host aphid.  In I and II Instar nymphs of aphid development of Diaeretiella rapae is delayed and in other stages of aphid nymphs, normal development occurs

PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CAUSING INFERTILITY IN COWS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

A total of 1161 animals were examined in 60 clinical camps for detection of gynecological problems. Among those animals, 930 (80.10%) animals were infertile due to different reproductive disorders and 231 (19.89%) animals were either normal cyclic (55; 4.74%) or were found pregnant/recently calved (176; 15.16%). Out of 930 affected animals 899 were infertile (77.43%) or were suffering with different miscellaneous reproductive disorders (31; 2.67%). Among 899 infertile animals, 445 (38.33%) animals were repeat breeders, 454 (39.10%) were anestrus. In 445 repeat breeder animals, 319 (27.48%), 59 (5.08%), 18 (1.55%) and 49 (4.22%) animals were suffering with endometritis, cervical pathologies, fallopian tube defects and prolonged estrus, respectively. Out of 454 anestrus animals, 63 (5.43%) were silent estrus and 391 (33.68%) cases were of inactive ovaries

Compensation for research-related harm: The implications of Venter v Roche Products (Pty) Limited and Others for research ethics committees

Background. The issue of what type of compensation a research participant would be entitled to in a clinical trial when they have signed an informed consent document excluding certain forms of compensation recently came before our courts in the matter of Venter v Roche Products (Pty) Limited and Others (Case No. 12285/08). In this case, the court had to consider whether the plaintiff, Mr Venter, was entitled to claim for non-medical costs such as pain and suffering, loss of income and general damages, even though the informed-consent document expressly excluded such claims.Objectives. To set out the facts, issues and judgment in the case, concluding with a discussion of the implications of the judgment for research ethics committees (RECs).Methods. Critical review of a judgment of the Western Cape High Court.Results. The court concluded that Mr Venter’s application for damages should be dismissed because he had voluntarily agreed to the limited compensation as set out in the informed consent form that had been approved by both the local RECs and the Medicines Control Council.Conclusions. The Venter case has shown that delictual claims for research-related injuries will not be successful if plaintiffs have agreed to limit their own rights through signing an informed-consent form that limits compensation. This places an important obligation on RECs to ensure that they carefully review compensation clauses in informed-consent documents and that these are made clear to potential research participants

Postpartalni supklinički endometritis – dijagnostika i utjecaj na rane reproduktivne pokazatelje u mliječnih krava

The present study was aimed at the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis and its impact on early reproductive parameters in postpartum dairy cows (N=45). The proportion of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs-%) and intraluminal uterine fluid (ILUF-mm) was assessed by cytotape and transrectal ultrasonography, respectively, for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis at 8 weeks post-partum. A receiver operator characteristics curve was used to determine the diagnostic threshold of PMNCs and ILUF. The optimal threshold value for PMNCs was ≥6% (area under the curve (AUC)-0.89; sensitivity-85.71%; specificity-83.33%; P<0.05) whereas it was ≥3.40 mm for ILUF (AUC-0.92; sensitivity-100%; specificity-83.33%; P<0.05). The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for the development of subclinical endometritis in cows having a PMNCs percentage and ILUF above the threshold level was 7.70 and 6.00, respectively. Early reproductive parameters, such as days needed for completion of uterine involution (UINV) and first postpartum ovulation (FPO) were studied and were reported to be significantly higher in cows diagnosed with subclinical endometritis based on the percentage of PMNCs (P<0.01; P<0.05 for UINV & FPO, respectively) and ILUF (P<0.05; P<0.01 for UINV & FPO, respectively). Linear correlation analysis showed a significant relationship (p≤0.01-0.05) between the proportion of PMNCs and early reproductive parameters. Similarly, a significant correlation (P<0.01) between ILUF and PMNCs was reported, irrespective of the threshold level. In conclusion, endometrial cytology and transrectal ultrasonography with a threshold level ≥6% for PMNCs and ≥3.40 mm for ILUF, respectively, defined the presence of subclinical endometritis, and this led to a delay in the establishment of subsequent early post-partum reproductive performance.Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti dijagnostiku supkliničkog endometritisa i njegov utjecaj na rane reproduktivne pokazatelje mliječnih krava (n = 45) u postpartalnom razdoblju. Količina polimorfonuklearnih stanica (PMNC u postotku) i intraluminalne maternične tekućine (ILUF u milimetrima) procijenjena je s pomoću test traka i transrektalne ultrasonografije kako bi se dijagnosticirao supklinički endometritis osam tjedana poslije porođaja. ROC krivulja upotrijebljena je kako bi se odredio dijagnostički prag PMNC-a i ILUF-a. Optimalna vrijednost praga za PMNC bila je ≥ 6 % (područje ispod krivulje (AUC) 0,89; osjetljivost 85,71 %; specifičnost 83,33 %; P < 0,05), a za ILUF ≥ 3,40 mm for (AUC – 0,92; osjetljivost 100 %; specifičnost 83,33 %; P < 0,05). Omjer dijagnostičkih izgleda (DOR) za razvoj supkliničkog endometritisa u krava koje su imale postotak PMNC-a i ILUF iznad praga bio je 7,70 za PMNC i 6,00 za ILUF. Analizirani su rani reproduktivni pokazatelji, kao što je broj dana potreban za završetak involucije maternice (UINV) i prva postpartalna ovulacija (FPO), te se pokazalo da su bili znakovito veći u krava sa supkliničkim endometritisom uzme li se u obzir postotak PMNC-a (P < 0,01 za UINV i P < 0,05 za FPO) i ILUF (P < 0,05 za UINV i P < 0,01 za FPO). Analiza linearne korelacije pokazala je znakovit odnos (P ≤ 0,01 – 0,05) između vrijednosti PMNC-a i ranih reproduktivnih pokazatelja. Slično, uočena je znakovita korelacija (P < 0,01) između ILUF-a i PMNC-a, bez obzira na dijagnostički prag. Endometralnom je citologijom i transrektalnom ultrasonografijom s dijagnostičkim pragom ≥ 6 % za PMNC i ≥ 3,40 mm za ILUF dijagnosticiran supklinički endometritis, zbog čega je odgođeno uspostavljanje uvjeta za ranu reprodukciju nakon porođaja

MICROSTRIP END COUPLED BANDPASS FILTER WITH KOCH FRACTAL SHAPED

ABSTRACT Keywords -Fractal Shaped Micro strip Band pass Filter, End Coupled Filter, RF Filters, Wavelength Resonators and Centre Frequency I INTRODUCTION This filter is particularly suitable for planar formats and are easily implemented with printed circuit technology and has the advantage is that of taking up no more space than a plain transmission line would. The basic limitation of this topology is that performance (particularly insertion loss) deteriorates with increasing fractional bandwidth, and acceptable results are not obtained . With the further difficulty with producing low-Q designs is that the gap width is required to be smaller for wider fractional bandwidths. The minimum width of gaps, like the minimum width of tracks, is limited by the resolution of the printing technology. To reduce insertion loss in the pass-band, the gaps are usually much smaller than the substrate height to enable tight coupling. The resonator lengths depend on the guide wavelength, coupling reactance and the gap capacitance. This configuration provides relatively narrow bandwidth. Since this structure is large, it is not a much preferred configuration. II END COUPLED FILTE

SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF A RARE CASE OF UTERINE PROLAPSE IN A MARE

A six year old mare in second parity was presented in a clinical camp at Gasota village of district Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh with a history of uterine prolapse 3 hours after foaling and 30 minutes after placental expulsion. Following epidural anesthesia, the uterus was replaced to its normal position. A rope truss was applied for further retention of prolapsed mass. A 10 days later examination of uterus through per-rectum revealed the normal uterine involution. Proper medication and management of the presented case prevented the relapse of the condition

Molecular cloning and characterization of protein disulfide isomerase of Brugia malayi, a human lymphatic filarial parasite

Lymphatic filariasis results in an altered lymphatic system and the abnormal enlargement of body parts, causing pain, serious disability and social stigma. Effective vaccines are still not available nowadays, drugs against the disease is required. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an essential catalyst of the endoplasmic reticulum which is involved in folding and chaperone activities in different biological systems. Here, we report the enzymatic characterization of a Brugia malayi Protein disulfide isomerase (BmPDI), which was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Western blotting analysis showed the recombinant BmPDI could be recognized by anti-BmPDI Rabbit serum. The rBmPDI exhibited an optimum activity at pH 8 and 40 °C. The enzyme was inhibited by aurin and PDI inhibitor. Recombinant BmPDI showed interaction with recombinant Brugia malayi calreticulin (rBmCRT). The three-dimensional model for BmPDI and BmCRT was generated by homology modelling. A total of 25 hydrogen bonds were found to be formed between two interfaces. There are 259 non-bonded contacts present in the BmPDI-BmCRT complex and 12 salt bridges were formed in the interaction