Evaluation and Improvement of Distribution System Reliability Indices using ETAP Software

Reliability assessment is the most important factor in designing and planning of distribution system that should operate in an economical manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. This is due to the fact that the distribution system provides the final link between a utility transmission system and its customers. It is observed that more than 80% of all customer interruptions occur (i.e., power quality issues) due to component failures in the distribution system. That report quantifies the expected reliability indices such as interruption frequency and interruption duration during the entire year. Many research findings are out there to assess the reliability of the power system. Further, due to the wide growth of distributed generation in electrical power, investigating their impact on system reliability, it becomes an attractive area of research. In this paper, the reliability evaluation of distribution system using a minimal cut set method based on the FMEA technique is described and applied to the IEEE RBTS Bus-2 and Indian practical distribution system (33/11 kV). Development of ETAP software is presented for calculating reliability indices. Further, improvement of reliability with introducing of Distributed Generation is presented. Reliability indices are load point indices and system indices which includes, System Average Interruption Frequency Indices (SAIFI), System Average Interruption Duration Indices (SAIDI), Customer Average Interruption Frequency Indices (CAIFI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Indices (CAIDI), Energy Not Supplied (ENS), Average Energy Not Supplied (AENS), etc. These indices are shows the reliability performance of the system

Stranding of spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828) at Karwar, Karnataka

A spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris , locally called ‘handi meenu’ was noticed in dead condition floating near the marine cage farm of CMFRI, Karwar, approximately 600 m away, from sea shore of Aligadda village in the evening hours on 31st August 2012. The specimen was an adult female of 175 cm total length and 55 kg weight. The animal had a small injury near its left eye probably as a result of getting entangled in fishing nets or got injured in purse-seine operation which resulted in its death

An Experimental Study on Utilization of Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) and Waste Glass Powder in Concrete

Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources besides deforestation burning of fossil fuels. The global warming is caused by the emission of green house gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 65% of global warming. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of green house gas emission to the earth’s atmosphere. In order to address environmental effects associated with cement manufacturing, there is a need to develop alternative binders to make concrete. Consequently extensive research is on going into the use of cement replacements, using many waste materials industrial by products. Efforts have been made in the concrete industry to use waste glass as partial replacement of cement and also in recent years almost every mineral producing country is facing the problem of better utilization of mine waste because of its accumulation lack of suitable storage space. In this study, finely powdered waste glass from industries and Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) produced from mining areas are used as a partial replacement  of cement and fine aggregates in concrete respectively.  This work examines the possibility of using Glass powder and iron ore tailing as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate in concrete. In the present study  Glass powder and Iron Ore Tailing  ( IOT )  are partially replaced by 10%, 20%, 30% and  40%  tested for its compressive, flexural strength for 7, 28 and 56 days of curing and were compared with those of conventional concrete. Keywords: Glass Powder – GP, Iron Ore Tailings – IOT, Conventional Concrete - C

Observations on variations in physico-chemical water parameters of marine fish cage farm off Karwar

An investigation was undertaken to study the fluctuations in the water quality parameters in a marine fish cage culture site off Karwar during the period 2009-2011. Two stations viz., one from cage site (Station 1) and the other away from the cage site (Station 2) were selected for the study. Water samples were collected at weekly intervals. Temperature of Station 1 varied from 28.5 ± 0.89 oC to 32.5 ± 1.04 oC during the first crop of Asian seabass culture in 2009-10 and it ranged between 26.7 ± 0.83 to 32.5 ± 0.79 oC during the second crop of seabass culture in 2010- 11. The salinity was minimum during July 2010 and maximum in May 2010. There was no significant difference observed between the water quality parameters of the two stations (p>0.05). However, difference in salinity was significant between the two culture periods in Station 1 (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the nutrient levels of the cage and reference sites and also between the two crops. No significant difference was observed between the mean weight of the fish and temperature of both the sites and periods. A positive correlation was observed between the weight gain of fish and salinity of water at cage site

Cobia culture in low volume cages in coastal waters of Uttara Kannada, Karnataka

Cobia, Rachycentron canadum is a marine finfish globally favoured for aquaculture. In India, cage culture of cobia was first reported by ICAR-CMFRI in 2013 with better growth rate recorded under conditions of higher salinities (Philipose et al.2013). The present report is on the growth and production of cobia, Rachycentron canadum in Gangavali estuary (14o 61’ 225’’ N and 74 o35’726’’E) of coastal Karnataka during the period 2018-19

Incidence of whale strandings in Uttara Kannada, Karnataka

Two instances of the whale strandings were observed in the Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka recently. The first one occurred on 06.05.2017 at Mungodlu, Kumta and the second at Karwar on 18.02.2018. The whale stranded at Mungodlu, near Vannalli village of Kumta Taluk, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka (14° 26' 034" N and 74° 23' 005" E) was washed ashore in highly decayed condition with its dorsal portion upside down and species could not be identified. The total length of the whale was approximately 9 metres. The vertebrae were found exposed in the beach and a few numbers were collected and preserved in the museum of Karwar Research Centre of ICAR- CMFR

Farming of cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus 1766) in open sea floating cages in India

Experiments on culture and growth performance of cobia were undertaken in marine cages installed in the Arabian Sea off Karwar on the south-west coast of India. Hatchery produced cobia fingerlings were stocked at two densities of 3.5 fish cubic m-1 and 14.1 fish cubic m-1 in circular HDPE cages. Mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of cobia stocked @ 3.5 fish cubic m -1 were 10.5 kg and 2.2% day-1, respectively, at 300 days of culture (DOC). Cobia stocked @ of 14.1 fish cubic m-1 attained an average weight of 3.68 kg and SGR of 1.9% day-1 at 300 DOC. SGR was found to be positively correlated with water temperature and salinity during the culture period. No significant variation was found in SGR and feed conversion ratio of cobia stocked at two different densities. However, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and mean weight of cobia varied significantly between the two groups

Marine cage farming of Asian seabass under participatory mode - A success story

Karwar Research Centre of ICAR-CMFRI in association with the Directorate of fisheries, Govt. of Goa identified Polem village ( 14° 54' 21.12" N ; 74° 04' 32.20" E) in south Goa for the cage culture demonstration under the proejct 'National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)'. Awareness programmes were conducted for the fishermen communities in the village regarding the present status of marine fisheries resources of India and future prospects

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ATORVASTATIN AND PIOGLITAZONE IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Simple, accurate, precise, and sensitive ultraviolet spectrophotometric and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) methods for simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin (ATOR) and Pioglitazone (PIO) in combined tablet dosage form have been developed and validated. The spectroscopic methods employs formation and solving of simultaneous equation at 247 nm and 267 nm as 2 wavelengths for estimation of ATOR and PIO respectively (method 1) While method 2 involves formation of Q- absorbance equation at 233 nm (isoabsorptive point) and 267 nm (λ max of Pioglitazone) with methanol as solvent. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 5.0–50.0 mcg/mL for ATOR and PIO, respectively. The RP-HPLC method uses HPLC system with a Phenomenex Luna C18 (5 mm x 25cm x 4.6mm i.d) using Methanol, acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 2.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid (60:20:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at ambient temperature as the mobile phase. The detection was carried out using an ultraviolet detector set at 233 nm. For the HPLC method, Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 5.0-50.0 µg/ml for ATOR and PIO, respectively. LOD values for ATOR and PIO were found to be 57.12µg/ml and 12.01 µg /ml respectively. All the methods have been successfully applied for the analysis of the drugs in a pharmaceutical formulation. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies.1-

Length-weight relationship of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) reared in open sea floating cages

The paper presents the length-weight relationship (LWR) parameters of Lates calcarifer reared in open sea floating cages off Karwar along the south-west coast of India. The relationship obtained in the present study was W = 0.000008299L3.088 which indicates that seabass reared in open sea floating cages in semi-intensive condition does not differ significantly in body appearance from their counterparts found in natural conditions. The growth of the fishes was found to be positively allometric