11,087 research outputs found
The Struggle For Judicial Independence in Antebellum North Carolina: The Story of Two Judges
On January 17, 2007, the Wayback Machineâs software crawler captured wikileaks.org for the first time. The crawlerâs act of harvesting and documenting the Web meta-stored a developing site for âuntraceable mass document leakingââall in the form of an âanonymous global avenue for disseminating documents,â to quote the archived representational image of the site (Wayback Machine, 2007, para. 6). The initial WikiLeaks captures, and there were additional sweeps stored during the following months, vividly illustrate how WikiLeaks gradually developed into a site of global attention. The WikiLeaks logo, with its blue-green hourglass, was, for example, graphically present from the start, and later headings at the right were ânews,â âFAQ,â âsupport,â âpress,â and âlinksââthe latter directing users to various network services for anonymous data publication as i2P.net or Tor. Interestingly, links to the initial press coverage on Wikileaks are keptâwhich is not always the case at Wayback Machineâand can still be accessed. Apparently, one of the first online articles to mention what the site was about stated: âa new internet initiative called WikiLeaks seeks to promote good government and democratization by enabling anonymous disclosure and publication of confidential government recordsâ
Universal scaling relations in molecular superconductors
Scaling relations between the superconducting transition temperature , the superfluid stiffness and the normal state conductivity
are identified within the class of molecular
superconductors. These new scaling properties hold as varies over
two orders of magnitude for materials with differing dimensionality and
contrasting molecular structure, and are dramatically different from the
equivalent scaling properties observed within the family of cuprate
superconductors. These scaling relations place strong constraints on theories
for molecular superconductivity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Becoming a teacher: conceptual and practice development in the learning and skills sector
Drawing on a mixed-methods study of in-service learning and skills sector (LSS) trainees, comprising beginning- and end-of-year surveys and six longitudinal case studies together with literature on traineesâ development in the LSS, schools and higher education sectors, conceptual and practice development continua are proposed. Conceptions become more multi-dimensional and increasingly link teaching and learning whilst initial concern with the practicalities of teaching is followed by recognition of learnersâ needs. Next, greater emphasis is placed on learner autonomy and catering for individualsâ needs and finally assessment and evaluation is used systematically to shape practice. The continua offer an understanding of the subtleties and complexities of trainee development allowing
for different starting and end points and accommodating varied work contexts. I argue that this provides a more adequate basis for the development of initial teacher education (ITE) than the prescriptive approach embedded within recent LSS ITE policy reforms
\u3ci\u3eEnallagma Anna,\u3c/i\u3e A Damselfly New to the Great Lakes Region (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Enallagma anna, a predominantly western North America damselfly, is now recorded from southwestern Michigan and southwestern Ontario for the first time
Unconventional Quantum Critical Points
In this paper we review the theory of unconventional quantum critical points
that are beyond the Landau's paradigm. Three types of unconventional quantum
critical points will be discussed: (1). The transition between topological
order and semiclassical spin ordered phase; (2). The transition between
topological order and valence bond solid phase; (3). The direct second order
transition between different competing orders. We focus on the field theory and
universality class of these unconventional quantum critical points. Relation of
these quantum critical points with recent numerical simulations and experiments
on quantum frustrated magnets are also discussed.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures. Review article for Int. J. Mod. Phys.
Deconvolution of spectra for intimate mixtures
Visible to near infrared reflectance spectra of macroscopic mixtures have been shown to be linear combinations of the reflections of the pure mineral components in the mixture. However, for microscopic mixtures the mixing systematics are in general nonlinear. The systematics may be linearized by conversion of reflectance to single scattering albedo (w), where the equations which relate reflectance to w depend on the method of data collection. Several proposed mixing models may be used to estimate mineral abundances from the reflectance spectra of intimate mixtures. These models are summarized and a revised model is presented. A noniterative (linear) least squares approach was used for curve fitting and the data, measured as bi-directional reflectance with incidence and emergence angles of 30 and 0 deg were converted to w by a simplified version of Hapke's equation for bi-directional reflectance. This model was tested with two mixture series composed of 45 to 75 micron particles: an anorthite-enstatite series and an olivine-magnetite series. The data indicate that the simplified Hapke's equation may be used to convolve reflectance spectra into mineral abundances if appropriate endmembers are known or derived from other techniques. For surfaces that contain a significant component of very low albedo material, a somewhat modified version of this technique will need to be developed. Since the abundances are calculated using a noniterative approach, the application of this method is especially efficient for large spectral data sets, such as those produced by mapping spectrometers
Lifetimes and Sizes from Two-Particle Correlation Functions
We discuss the Yano-Koonin-Podgoretskii (YKP) parametrization of the
two-particle correlation function for azimuthally symmetric expanding sources.
We derive model-independent expressions for the YKP fit parameters and discuss
their physical interpretation. We use them to evaluate the YKP fit parameters
and their momentum dependence for a simple model for the emission function and
propose new strategies for extracting the source lifetime. Longitudinal
expansion of the source can be seen directly in the rapidity dependence of the
Yano-Koonin velocity.Comment: 15 pages REVTEX, 2 figures included, submitted to Phys. Lett. B,
Expanded discussion of disadvantages of standard HBT fit and of Fig.
Viscous Hydrodynamics and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
The matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions is fairly well
described by ideal hydrodynamics, and somewhat better described by viscous
hydrodynamics. To this point, most viscous calculations have been
two-dimensional, based on an assumption of Bjorken boost invariance along the
beam axis. Here, first results are presented for a fully three-dimensional
viscous model. The model is described and tests of the numerical accuracy of
the code are presented. Two- and three-dimensional runs are compared, and
modest changes are observed for mid-rapidity observables at the highest RHIC
(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) energies.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure
Analyzing Correlation Functions with Tesseral and Cartesian Spherical Harmonics
The dependence of inter-particle correlations on the orientation of particle
relative-momentum can yield unique information on the space-time features of
emission in reactions with multiparticle final states. In the present paper,
the benefits of a representation and analysis of the three-dimensional
correlation information in terms of surface spherical harmonics is presented.
The harmonics include the standard complex tesseral harmonics and the real
cartesian harmonics. Mathematical properties of the lesser-known cartesian
harmonics are illuminated. The physical content of different angular harmonic
components in a correlation is described. The resolving power of different
final-state effects with regarding to determining angular features of emission
regions is investigated. The considered final-state effects include identity
interference and strong and Coulomb interactions. The correlation analysis in
terms of spherical harmonics is illustrated with the cases of gaussian and
blast-wave sources for proton-charged meson and baryon-baryon pairs.Comment: 32 pages 10 figure
New multi-channel electron energy analyzer with cylindrically symmetrical electrostatic field
This paper discusses an electron energy analyzer with a cylindrically
symmetrical electrostatic field, designed for rapid Auger analysis. The device
was designed and built. The best parameters of the analyzer were estimated and
then experimentally verified.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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