Parasitism of south american tomato moth eggs by Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Tuta absoluta eggs were evaluated as host for Trichogramma evanescens with the aim of using indigenous species for biological control of the South American tomato moth. After being proved that T. evanescens could parasitize and achieve the complete development inside this host, parasitism rate, proportion of eggs within the parasitoid that reach the adult stage and viability of development rate, at three different temperatures (22.0ºC, 24.0ºC and 25.5ºC) were evaluated. Parasitism rate and the proportion of eggs with emerging hole were calculated as number of parasitized eggs and number of eggs with emerging holes, respectively, by the number of viable eggs. The viability of parasitoid development until adult stage was calculated as number of eggs with emerging hole/number of parasitized eggs. T. evanescens parasitized T. absoluta eggs at all the studied temperatures. Parasitism rate and proportion of eggs with emerging holes were higher at 22.0ºC; viability of development till adult was higher at 24.0ºC

Resposta funcional de Trichogramma pretiosum sobre ovos de Trichoplusia ni a diferentes temperaturas e densidades de ovos

The objective of this work was to determine the functional response of the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum on Trichoplusia ni eggs at different temperatures (20, 25, and 30ºC) and egg densities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 eggs). The logistic regression showed a type-II functional response for all temperatures. The search efficiency of T. pretiosum was reported as 0.049±0.0019, 0.069±0.0042 and 0.068±0.0033 per hour, and the estimated handling times were 1.82±0.0424, 1.69±0.0398, and 1.54±0.0498 hour at 20, 25 and 30ºC, respectively. Females of Trichogramma pretiosum show greater efficiency at 30ºC and a type-II functional response. The parasitism rate decreases, when host density increases.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a resposta funcional do parasitoide Trichogramma pretiosum sobre ovos de Trichoplusia ni a diferentes temperaturas (20, 25 e 30ºC) e densidades de ovos (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 ovos). A  regressão logística revelou resposta funcional tipo II para todas as temperaturas. Os valores de eficiência de busca de Trichogramma pretiosum foram de 0.049±0.0019, 0.069±0.0042 e 0.068±0.0033 h-1, e os tempos de manipulação estimados foram de 1.82±0.0424, 1.69±0.0398 e 1.54±0.0498 h a 20, 25 e 30ºC, respectivamente. Fêmeas de Trichogramma pretiosum apresentam mais eficiência a 30ºC e resposta funcional do tipo II. Ocorre decréscimo da taxa de parasitismo, quando a densidade do hospedeiro aumenta

Primeiro relato de Trichogramma pratissolii em plantios de Eucalyptus spp. no estado de Minas Gerais – Brasil

Cardboards with Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were fastened to eucalyptus plants in the Municipality of Paraopeba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil aiming to collect egg parasitoids that naturally occur in this area. All individuals of egg parasitoids collected were identified as Trichogramma pratissolii Querino and Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and it represents the first report of this species in the Minas Gerais State and also in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil.Cartelas contendo ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) foram fixadas em plantas de eucalipto no município de Paraopeba, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, visando coletar parasitóides de ovos que ocorressem naturalmente nessa área. Todos os parasitóides de ovos coletados foram identificados como Trichogramma pratissolii Querino e Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) e representam o primeiro relatório dessa espécie no estado de Minas Gerais e também em plantações de eucalipto no Brasil

EFEITO DE CORES NA CAPTURA DE Liriomyza trifolii (BURGESS) (Diptera:Agromyza) ATRAVÉS DE ARMADILHAS ADESIVAS

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de armadilhas de cores na captura de Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromuyza). O presente trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, no Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico em Manejo Fitossanitário (NUDEMAFI), em casas de vegetação. Os ensaios foram realizados com gaiolas de tela anti-afídica (1 x 0,5 x 0,5 m) onde os insetos foram liberados ao anoitecer em plantas de tomateiro. Foram realizados dois testes, um com chance de escolha e outro sem chance de escolha. As avaliações eram realizadas após 48 h sendo coletado e contabilizado o número de insetos capturados. Em todos os testes as armadilhas de cor amarela apresentaram os maiores percentuais de captura quando comparado com as de coloração azul

Biology of telenomus pachycoris (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a parasitoid of eggs of pachycoris torridus (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae): the effects of egg age, exposure time, and temperature

Telenomus pachycoris (Johnson) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a parasitoid of eggs of Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), a main pest of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.; Euphorbiaceae). The objective of this work was to know the biology of T. pachycoris in P. torridus eggs under various conditions in order to develop a rearing technique for this parasitoid in the laboratory. We offered eggs of P. torridus to T. pachycoris during 4 exposition periods (6, 12, 18, and 24 h), as well as eggs of different ages (1 to 11 d), to evaluate, in both experiments, the number of parasitized eggs, duration of the egg-to-adult period, percentage of emergence, and sex ratio. We also evaluated the effect of constant temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, 28, and 30 °C) and determined the duration of the egg-to-adult period, percentage of emergence, and sex ratio and estimated the thermal requirements and the number of generations per yr of T. pachycoris at each temperature. Parasitism of eggs was the highest at 12 h of exposure. Eggs up to 3 d old were the most parasitized, and the parasitism was zero on day 11. The duration of the egg-to-adult period was inversely proportional to temperature, ranging from 33.6 d at 18 °C to 9.8 d at 30 °C. The threshold temperature estimated for T. pachycoris was 12.9 °C, and the estimated thermal constant was 163.9 degree-days. The number of generations of T. pachycoris ranged from 11.3 to 38.1 per yr at 18 and 30 °C, respectively. The results may contribute to developing techniques for rearing T. pachycoris in the laboratory.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

ATIVIDADE OVICIDA DO PRODUTO À BASE DE D-LIMONENO VISANDO AO MANEJO DA BROCA-PEQUENA-DO-TOMATEIRO Neoleucinodes elegantalis, EM CONDIÇÕES DE LABORATÓRIO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência de produto à base de d-limoneno visando ao manejo de Neoleucinodes elegantalis na cultura do tomateiro. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado composto por 10 repetições para cada tratamento/bioensaio.  Os parâmetros avaliados, foram submetidos a análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O efeito ovicida foi obtido nas concentrações de 50, 100 e 200 % do produto, e também ação de choque e ação fisiológica nas concentrações de 100 e 200%. Verificou-se então que a concentração recomendada do produto d-limoneno pelo fabricante é efetiva na atividade ovicida, na ação de choque e na ação fisiológica, auxiliando no manejo de N. elegantalis. Contudo, ao utilizar-se 122,84% da concentração recomendada pelo fabricante, o produto fornece concentração letal de 90% estatisticamente (CL90), sendo este um dado eficaz e desejado no controle de uma praga

Biology of telenomus pachycoris (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a parasitoid of eggs of pachycoris torridus (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae): the effects of egg age, exposure time, and temperature

Telenomus pachycoris (Johnson) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a parasitoid of eggs of Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), a main pest of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.; Euphorbiaceae). The objective of this work was to know the biology of T. pachycoris in P. torridus eggs under various conditions in order to develop a rearing technique for this parasitoid in the laboratory. We offered eggs of P. torridus to T. pachycoris during 4 exposition periods (6, 12, 18, and 24 h), as well as eggs of different ages (1 to 11 d), to evaluate, in both experiments, the number of parasitized eggs, duration of the egg-to-adult period, percentage of emergence, and sex ratio. We also evaluated the effect of constant temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, 28, and 30 °C) and determined the duration of the egg-to-adult period, percentage of emergence, and sex ratio and estimated the thermal requirements and the number of generations per yr of T. pachycoris at each temperature. Parasitism of eggs was the highest at 12 h of exposure. Eggs up to 3 d old were the most parasitized, and the parasitism was zero on day 11. The duration of the egg-to-adult period was inversely proportional to temperature, ranging from 33.6 d at 18 °C to 9.8 d at 30 °C. The threshold temperature estimated for T. pachycoris was 12.9 °C, and the estimated thermal constant was 163.9 degree-days. The number of generations of T. pachycoris ranged from 11.3 to 38.1 per yr at 18 and 30 °C, respectively. The results may contribute to developing techniques for rearing T. pachycoris in the laboratory.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Toxicidade de Bacillus thuringiensis a diferentes idades de lagartas de Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

 The black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest that attacks diverse crops and weed. One of the alternatives to insecticides may be the use of bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). Thus, the objective of the present study were evaluating the toxicity of Agree® and Dipel® bioinsecticides based on Bt on different larval ages of A. ipsilon. For the experiments, five larval ages were used (0-24, 48-72, 96-120, 144-168, and 192-216 h). The A. ipsilon caterpillars were individualized in acrylic tubes containing an artificial diet and 50 μL of each biopesticide in the concentration 1 × 108 spores mL-1. Mortality was assessed for seven days. The two bioinsecticides evaluated promoted mortality at all larval ages of A. ipsilon. The age of 0-24 h had mortality above 90%. The values of LC50 and LC90 were 9.8 × 105 and 7.4 × 106 spores mL-1 for Agree® and 1.3 × 106 e 1.4 × 107 spores mL-1 for Dipel®, respectively, without difference between LC50 and LC90 values of the bioinsecticides. The results indicate that younger caterpillars are more susceptible to Bt-based bioinsecticides.A lagarta rosca Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) é uma praga cosmopolita e polífaga que ataca diversas culturas e plantas daninhas. Uma das alternativas de manejo ao uso de inseticidas químicos pode ser o uso de bioinseticidas à base de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a toxicidade dos bioinseticidas Agree® e Dipel® à base de Bt sobre diferentes idades de lagartas de A. ipsilon. Para os experimentos, lagartas de cinco idades foram utilizadas (0-24, 48-72, 96-120, 144-168 e 192-216 horas). As lagartas de A. ipsilon foram individualizadas em tubos de acrílico contendo dieta artificial e 50 µL de cada bioinseticida na concentração 1 × 108 esporos mL-1. A mortalidade foi avaliada durante sete dias. Os dois bioinseticidas avaliados promoveram mortalidade em todas as idades das lagartas de A. ipsilon. Lagartas com idade 0-24 h apresentaram mortalidade acima de 90%. Os valores de CL50 e CL90 foram 9,8 × 105 e 7,4 × 106 esporos mL-1 para Agree® e 1,3 × 106 e 1,4 × 107 esporos mL-1 para Dipel®, respectivamente, sem diferença entre os valores de CL50 e CL90 dos bioinseticidas. Os resultados indicam que lagartas mais jovens são mais suscetíveis aos bioinseticidas à base de Bt