1,526 research outputs found
The atmospheric effects of stratospheric aircraft. Report of the 1992 Models and Measurements Workshop. Volume 1: Workshop objectives and summary
This Workshop on Stratospheric Models and Measurements (M&M) marks a significant expansion in the history of model intercomparisons. It provides a foundation for establishing the credibility of stratospheric models used in environmental assessments of chlorofluorocarbons, aircraft emissions, and climate-chemistry interactions. The core of the M&M comparisons involves the selection of observations of the current stratosphere (i.e., within the last 15 years): these data are believed to be accurate and representative of certain aspects of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics that the models should be able to simulate
The atmospheric effects of stratospheric aircraft. Report of the 1992 Models and Measurements Workshop. Volume 3: Special diagnostic studies
This Workshop on Stratospheric Models and Measurements (M&M) marks a significant expansion in the history of model intercomparisons. It provides a foundation for establishing the credibility of stratospheric models used in environmental assessments of chlorofluorocarbons, aircraft emissions, and climate-chemistry interactions. The core of the M&M comparisons involves the selection of observations of the current stratosphere (i.e., within the last 15 years): these data are believed to be accurate and representative of certain aspects of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics that the models should be able to simulate
Structured turing machines
A structured decomposition theorem for Turing machines is given. The nature of the building blocks and the form of the connections allowed suggest a parallel to the Bohm-Jacopini theorem on structured flowcharts. Thus in a broadest sense, there is obtained an independent machine-theoretic restatement of the fundamental precepts of structured programming. At the same time, the characteristics of the decomposition offer several obvious advantages over known results of this type. In particular, the building blocks (the “simple” machines) are seen to perform total and regular word functions. Furthermore, the connections themselves should prove to be useful as pedagogical tools in the Turing machine theory and as a theoretical framework for top-down machine (or algorithmic) design
Book Review: Men and Gender Relations
Review of Men and Gender Relations by Bob Peas
Predictors of Binge Eating in College Women
Binge eating has received increased attention in the psychological literature, as the health consequences are becoming increasingly well known. The prevalence of subclinical binge eating (i.e., binge eating that is not associated with a diagnosable eating disorder) is elevated among college women, some of whom will go on to develop more serious problems. Thus, improved understanding of subclinical binge eating in this population can help to inform prevention and intervention strategies.
In a sample of 472 college women this study evaluated the relationships among four theoretically relevant factors hypothesized to predict binge eating: trait anger, anger suppression, impulsivity, and emotion regulation. After confirming the factor structure of the UPPS Impulsivity Scale through confirmatory factor analysis, we found that the UPPS factors of urgency and lack of perseverance predicted binge eating. In addition, trait anger predicted binge eating above and beyond general negative affect. Anger suppression also predicted binge eating, and we found that both anger suppression and emotion regulation partially mediated the relationship between trait anger and binge eating. The implications of these findings for assisting college women with binge eating are addressed
It's Just as Easy to Marry a Rich Man as a Poor One! Students' Accounts of Parental Messages About Marital Partners
What's happening in the 1980s concerning marital choices? Parents of today's college students were themselves seeking marital partners in the 1960s when traditional sexual norms were challenged including "living together" and innovative weddings. How are these parents responding to the dating choices and practices of their children? This paper presents some exploratory research on the mate selection socialization process as recalled by college students
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Sea Spray Aerosol: Where Marine Biology Meets Atmospheric Chemistry.
Atmospheric aerosols have long been known to alter climate by scattering incoming solar radiation and acting as seeds for cloud formation. These processes have vast implications for controlling the chemistry of our environment and the Earth's climate. Sea spray aerosol (SSA) is emitted over nearly three-quarters of our planet, yet precisely how SSA impacts Earth's radiation budget remains highly uncertain. Over the past several decades, studies have shown that SSA particles are far more complex than just sea salt. Ocean biological and physical processes produce individual SSA particles containing a diverse array of biological species including proteins, enzymes, bacteria, and viruses and a diverse array of organic compounds including fatty acids and sugars. Thus, a new frontier of research is emerging at the nexus of chemistry, biology, and atmospheric science. In this Outlook article, we discuss how current and future aerosol chemistry research demands a tight coupling between experimental (observational and laboratory studies) and computational (simulation-based) methods. This integration of approaches will enable the systematic interrogation of the complexity within individual SSA particles at a level that will enable prediction of the physicochemical properties of real-world SSA, ultimately illuminating the detailed mechanisms of how the constituents within individual SSA impact climate
From A Systematic Investigation of Faculty-Produced Think-Pair-Share Questions to Frameworks for Characterizing and Developing Fluency-Inspiring Activities
Our investigation of 353 faculty-produced multiple-choice Think-Pair-Share
questions leads to key insights into faculty members' ideas about the
discipline representations and intellectual tasks that could engage learners on
key topics in physics and astronomy. The results of this work illustrate that,
for many topics, there is a lack of variety in the representations featured,
intellectual tasks posed, and levels of complexity fostered by the questions
faculty develop. These efforts motivated and informed the development of two
frameworks: (1) a curriculum characterization framework that allows us to
systematically code active learning strategies in terms of the discipline
representations, intellectual tasks, and reasoning complexity that an activity
offers the learner; and (2) a curriculum development framework that guides the
development of activities deliberately focused on increasing learners'
discipline fluency. We analyze the faculty-produced Think-Pair-Share questions
with our curriculum characterization framework, then apply our curriculum
development framework to generate (1) Fluency-Inspiring Questions, a more
pedagogically powerful extension of a well-established instructional strategy,
and (2) Student Representation Tasks, a brand new type of instructional
activity in astronomy that shifts the responsibility for generating appropriate
representations onto the learners. We explicitly unpack and provide examples of
Fluency-Inspiring Questions and Student Representation Tasks, detailing their
usage of Pedagogical Discipline Representations coupled with novel question and
activity formats.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted to "Physical Review Physics
Education Research Focused Collection Curriculum Development: Theory into
Design
Using graphical and pictorial representations to teach introductory astronomy students about the detection of extrasolar planets via gravitational microlensing
The detection and study of extrasolar planets is an exciting and thriving
field in modern astrophysics, and an increasingly popular topic in introductory
astronomy courses. One detection method relies on searching for stars whose
light has been gravitationally microlensed by an extrasolar planet. In order to
facilitate instructors' abilities to bring this interesting mix of general
relativity and extrasolar planet detection into the introductory astronomy
classroom, we have developed a new Lecture-Tutorial, "Detecting Exoplanets with
Gravitational Microlensing." In this paper, we describe how this new
Lecture-Tutorial's representations of astrophysical phenomena, which we
selected and created based on theoretically motivated considerations of their
pedagogical affordances, are used to help introductory astronomy students
develop more expert-like reasoning abilities.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the American
Journal of Physic
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