The hazardous 2017–2019 surge and river damming by Shispare Glacier, Karakoram

In 2017–2019 a surge of Shispare Glacier, a former tributary of the once larger Hasanabad Glacier (Hunza region), dammed the proglacial river of Muchuhar Glacier, which formed an ice-dammed lake and generated a small Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). Surge movement produced the highest recorded Karakoram glacier surface flow rate using feature tracking (~18 ± 0.5 m d−1) and resulted in a glacier frontal advance of 1495 ± 47 m. The surge speed was less than reports of earlier Hasanabad advances during 1892/93 (9.3 km) and 1903 (9.7 km). Surges also occurred in 1973 and 2000–2001. Recent surges and lake evolution are examined using feature tracking in satellite images (1990–2019), DEM differencing (1973–2019), and thermal satellite data (2000–2019). The recent active phase of Shispare surge began in April 2018, showed two surface flow maxima in June 2018 and May 2019, and terminated following a GLOF on 22–23 June 2019. The surge likely had hydrological controls influenced in winter by compromised subglacial flow and low meltwater production. It terminated during summer probably because increased meltwater restored efficient channelized flow. We also identify considerable heterogeneity of movement, including spring/summer accelerations

A Critical Evaluation on Akala Palitam

Hair color reflects the health of an individual and the discolored hair indicates the pathological state. Palitam is a physiological process when it occurring in old age. Whereas Akala Palitam (premature graying) is a pathological condition manifests in early stages of life. It is characterized byVivarna Kesha (discolored hair) along with altered hair texture and the predominant Dosha attributes Vivarnata to Kesha. Hair color is determined by a pigment called melanin (relative proportions of eumelanins and phaeomelanins) in hair follicles. Diffuse loss of hair melanin during early stages of liferesults in premature graying. In Ayurveda, Bhrajaka Pitta, one among the five types of Pitta located in skin is responsible for the attribution of hair colour. Thus it performs the function similar to melanin pigment in hair follicles. When there is Pitta dosha Vridhi in Rasadhatu along with vitiation of other two Doshas it leads to manifestation of Vivarna Kesha with altered hair texture thus results in Akala Palitam. It is a type of Raspradoshajavikara in which the signs and symptoms varies based on the predominant Dosha. Treatment option for Akala Palitam is also specific based on predominant Dosha. So a critical evaluation on Akala Palitam is essential to understand the etio-pathogenesis of the disease for its better management

A Clinical Approach to Hirsutism

Hirsutism is a condition of hyper androgenism, which is defined as androgen- dependent excessive male- pattern hair growth, affects approximately 10% of women with or without complex underlying pathology. It is a physiological phenomenon if it occurs with a familial history and is considered as a serious condition if it is due to various metabolic and genetic causes along with androgen secreting tumors. Hence an apt treatment is only possible after a proper diagnosis. In our classics, there is no direct term for hirsutism is mentioned. But we can decipher relative aspects from multiple references regarding hair and hair growth. Even though, based on the Dushya involvement it can be considered as a condition of Kapha Pradhana Tridosha Kopa. Hence based on a proper diagnosis through an apt diagnostic technique Abhyantara (internal) as well as Bahya (external) Chikitsa (treatment) like depilation techniques, use of Lepa (topical medicaments), oil etc

Iodine-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of allylglycosides, glycosyl cyanides and glycosyl azides

Iodine efficiently catalyzes the glycosidation of glycals with allyltrimethylsilane, trimethylsilyl cyanide and trimethylsilyl azide in dichloromethane at ambient temperature to afford the corresponding 2,3-unsaturated allyl glycosides, glycosyl cyanides and glycosyl azides in excellent yields with high α-selectivity