Utilisation of Waste Plastics in Flexible Pavement Construction Laid on Expansive Soil Subgrade

This paper investigates the performance of model flexible pavement on expansive soil subgrade using gravel / flyash as subbase course with waste plastics as a reinforcing material. It was observed that from the laboratory test results of direct shear and CBR, the optimum percentage of waste plastics is equal to 0.3% and 0.4% for gravel and flyash materials. Cyclic load tests were carried out in the field on the reinforced and unreinforced model flexible pavements laid on expansive soil subgrades. It is observed that the maximum load carrying capacity associated with less value of rebound deflection is obtained for gravel/flyash reinforced subbase compared to unreinforced gravel/flyash subbase

BOBMEX: the Bay of Bengal monsoon experiment

The first observational experiment under the Indian Climate Research Programme, called the Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX), was carried out during July-August 1999. BOBMEX was aimed at measurements of important variables of the atmosphere, ocean, and their interface to gain deeper insight into some of the processes that govern the variability of organized convection over the bay. Simultaneous time series observations were carried out in the northern and southern Bay of Bengal from ships and moored buoys. About 80 scientists from 15 different institutions in India collaborated during BOBMEX to make observations in most-hostile conditions of the raging monsoon. In this paper, the objectives and the design of BOBMEX are described and some initial results presented. During the BOBMEX field phase there were several active spells of convection over the bay, separated by weak spells. Observation with high-resolution radiosondes, launched for the first time over the northern bay, showed that the magnitudes of the convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the convective inhibition energy were comparable to those for the atmosphere over the west Pacific warm pool. CAPE decreased by 2-3 kJ kg-1 following convection, and recovered in a time period of 1-2 days. The surface wind speed was generally higher than 8 m s-1. The thermohaline structure as well as its time evolution during the BOBMEX field phase were found to be different in the northern bay than in the southern bay. Over both the regions, the SST decreased during rain events and increased in cloud-free conditions. Over the season as a whole, the upper-layer salinity decreased for the north bay and increased for the south bay. The variation in SST during 1999 was found to be of smaller amplitude than in 1998. Further analysis of the surface fluxes and currents is expected to give insight into the nature of coupling

Interception of Peanut Stripe Virus in Groundnut Germplasm Imported from China

Groundnut germplasm imported into India is subjected to the necessary)' quarantine processing negative seeds were grown separately in a screen for seedborne pathogens, in general and seedbome viral and bacterial pathogens, in particular. Peanut stripe virus (pStV), peanut mottle virus (pMV), peanut stunt virus (pSV), and the bacterial wilt pathogen Pseudomonas sofanacearum are seedborne in groundnut and are of quarantine importance to India...

Seed microflora of five ICRISAT mandate crops

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) supplies seeds of sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, and groundnut for research globally. The export of seeds of these crops is channelized through the regional station of the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. However, the tests for quarantine clearance of seeds for export are done at the Export Certification Laboratory at the ICRISAT Center. During the period from June 1989 to December 1997, ICRISAT exported 371,818 samples of its mandate crops to 136 countries. The largest number of exported samples were of sorghum (140,143) followed by chickpea (119,308). A total of 1786 samples (sorghum, 571; pearl millet, 120; pigeonpea, 311; chickpea, 199; Groundnut, 585) were detained due to heavy seed infection by fungi and/or bacteria (>80% seed infection). Pigeonpea appeared to be the most popular crop exported to 105 countries followed by sorghum (91 countries) and groundnut (88 countries). A total of 182 fungal spp. belonging to 71 genera were recorded. Largest number of fungi-132 fungal species across the years, were found associated with sorghum crop. The corresponding figures for pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea, and groundnut were 94, 91, 96, and 60, respectively. Aspergillus spp. were more on pulses and groundnut than on sorghum and pearl millet; however, Curvularia spp. showed the reverse trend. Fusarium and Alternaria spp. occurred most frequently on pigeonpea followed by on sorghum. Also, there was a total absence of three graminicolous fungi - Dreschlera, Biopolaris and Exserohilum spp. on groundnut. There were 31 fungi associated with all the five crops. Aspergillus niger (3.8%) and Cladosporium spp. (3.6%) were the most commonly occurring fungi being most predominant on groundnut and sorghum, respectively

Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

18% of the world's population lives in India, and many states of India have populations similar to those of large countries. Action to effectively improve population health in India requires availability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors. Thus, we aimed to estimate the disease burden and risk factors in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

Size related metabolism in rock pool fish <i>Blennius steindachneri</i> (Day)

187Oxygen consumption in relation to body size shows in exponential relationship in B. steindachneri, the exponent b being 0.6919. Comparison of the size related metabolism of B. steindachneri showed no significant difference with other fishes

Soret and Dufour effects on MHD flow with heat and mass transfer past a permeable stretching sheet in presence of thermal radiation

CITATION: Sreedevi, G., et al. 2017. Soret and Dufour effects on MHD flow with heat and mass transfer past a permeable stretching sheet in presence of thermal radiation. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 55(8) 551-563.The original publication is available at http://op.niscair.res.in/index.php/IJPAPAn analysis has been carried out to study the combined effects of the magnetic field, Joule heating, thermal radiation absorption, viscous dissipation, Buoyancy forces, thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermion the convective heat and mass transfer flow of an electrically conducting fluid over a permeable vertically stretching sheet. The boundary layer equations for the fluid flow, heat and mass flux under consideration have been obtained and reduced into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. Using shooting method coupled with the fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme, the numerically solutions have been obtained and presented graphically. The effects of various embedded thermo-physical parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number have been determined and discussed quantitatively. A comparison of a special case of our results with the one previously reported in the literature shows a very good agreement. An increase in values of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, suction/injection coefficient and chemical reaction results in the increase of velocity, temperature and heat-mass transfer rates. It is further noted that the velocity, temperature and heat-mass transfer rates reduces on the boundary layer of a permeable vertical stretching sheet due to increase in the values of Soret or decrease in values of Dufour. Further, this work leads to study different flows of electrically conducting fluid over a permeable vertical stretching sheet problem that includes the two dimensional non-linear boundary equations.http://op.niscair.res.in/index.php/IJPAP/article/view/13883Publisher's versio

Soret and Dufour effects on MHD flow with heat and mass transfer past a permeable stretching sheet in presence of thermal radiation

551-563An analysis has been carried out to study the combined effects of the magnetic field, Joule heating, thermal radiation absorption, viscous dissipation, Buoyancy forces, thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermion the convective heat and mass transfer flow of an electrically conducting fluid over a permeable vertically stretching sheet. The boundary layer equations for the fluid flow, heat and mass flux under consideration have been obtained and reduced into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. Using shooting method coupled with the fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme, the numerically solutions have been obtained and presented graphically. The effects of various embedded thermo-physical parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number have been determined and discussed quantitatively. A comparison of a special case of our results with the one previously reported in the literature shows a very good agreement. An increase in values of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, suction/injection coefficient and chemical reaction results in the increase of velocity, temperature and heat-mass transfer rates. It is further noted that the velocity, temperature and heat-mass transfer rates reduces on the boundary layer of a permeable vertical stretching sheet due to increase in the values of Soret or decrease in values of Dufour. Further, this work leads to study different flows of electrically conducting fluid over a permeable vertical stretching sheet problem that includes the two dimensional non-linear boundary equations