Thai "jùu" and "kamlaŋ": where tense and aspect meet

This paper discusses the similarities and differences between "kamlaŋ" and "jùu" based on their own internal logic. It shows that "kamlaŋ" does not simply express the ongoing progression of an event, but also indicates a temporal relation between time of situation (T-SIT) and topic time (TT) (Klein 1994). Based on Klein’s theory of tense and aspect, "kamlaŋ" serves as a temporal relator indicating that T-SIT coincides with TT. The fact that Thai is not a tensed language does not mean that the concept of reference point should be neglected. Reference time (or topic time) is the key to temporal interpretation even in a ‘tenseless’ language like Thai. The so-called continuous marker "jùu3/4" is treated as a locator locating an event in various domains such as time, attribute, quantity, and possession. Continuity is the output of our experience of remaining in the same place through time. It is a secondary function, which can be backgrounded. Like "kamlaŋ", "jùu4" serves as a temporal relator, where T-SIT is situated at TT.Australian National Universit

Mere Lines—They Make or Mar Our Costumes

Did you see that adorable green frock at The Paris? I was so sorry that I could not try it on for they had only a size sixteen, but then I can have my dressmaker make an exact copy of the design in my size. I wear a forty-two and green is not very becoming to me, but the dress is so adorable that I can\u27t resist having it made up for myself

The Well Dressed Woman Considers Art Principles

The well dressed woman knows WHAT TO PUT ON, HOW TO PUT IT ON, AND WHEN TO WEAR IT. She has studied her own features and figure, as well as her personality, and knows exactly what lines, materials and colors. will help to bring out her best points. Still more important, she knows her personal defects, and then carefully seeks to obscure or disguise them as far as possible

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA JUDI (SABUNG AYAM)

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan tentang Sabung Ayam sebagai tindak Pidana perjudian dalam sistem hukum Pasal 303 KUHP danbagaimana Tanggung jawab pelaku perjudian baik Bandar maupun pelaku lainya sesuai KUHP dan aturan lainya yang dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Judi sabung ayam sesuai Pasal 303 KUHP merupakan tindak pidana. Berdasarkan hal tersebut praktek sabung ayam merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum dan bisa diancam dengan hukum pidana. Undang-undang Perjudian No. 7 Tahun 1974 menegaskan bahwa, setiap bentuk kegiatan perjudian adalah merupakan tindak pidana dan diancam dengan hukuman pidana. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, sangat jelas bahwa judi sabung ayam walaupun secara tradisional diakui keberadaannya tetapi secara hukum terutama hukum pidana merupakan perbuatan pidana yang bisa diancam dengan hukuman penjara. 2. Pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku perjudian sabung ayam, sama dengan pelaku tindak pidana lainnya yang akan diancam dengan hukuman sesuai Pasal yang dilanggar. Pelaku perjudian sabung judi melanggar Pasal 303 KUHP sedangkan hukuman yang akan diterima sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana sesuai dengan pertimbangan dan keputusan hakim.  Pelaku dan pihak terkait juga akan dihukum tindak pidana bersama-sama atau tindak pidana penyertaan sesuai dengan Pasal 55 dan 56 KUHP. Dengan demikian, pihak-pihak terkait juga akan dituntut pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam perjudian sabung ayam.Kata kunci: tindak pidana judi; sabung ayam

What Is the Relationship between Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction to Organizational Commitment in Supply Chain Management? An Examination of These Causal Factors in Supply Chain Managers in the Middle East

In the Middle East, one of the biggest challenges facing supply chain business leaders was the expatriate assignment failures, an average turnover rate of 12%, with the main reason an inability to cope with lifestyle adjustments due to cultural and family pressures. Additionally, fifty-one percent of expatriates leave the multinational corporation (MNC) within two years of repatriation (De Ruiter, Lub, Jansma, and Blomme, 2018; Haak-Saheem, Darwish, & Al-Nasser, 2017; Stoermer, Haslberger, Froese, & Kraeh, 2018). The Middle Eastern workforce showed the disproportionate ratio of expatriates to local nationals in which nearly 99% of employees in the private sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were expatriates (De Ruiter et al., 2018 & Haak-Saheem et al., 2017). The purpose of this quantitative correlation study is to examine the relationship between independent variables (employee engagement-EE and job satisfaction-JS), and dependent variable (organizational commitment-OC) in the supply chain managers of the Middle East organization. The findings of this study showed that there are statistically significant relationships among EE, JS, and OC, indicating the p-values lower than the alpha level of 0.05 for all variables. The findings also showed that age does have a moderating effect on the relationship between EE and OC, Beta = 0.115, p = 0.049, but not in the relationship between JS and OC. Conversely, gender, nationality, and tenure showed no moderation effect in the relationships among EE, JS, and OC. Recommendations to increase both EE and JS are (1) increase EE through organizational culture, gender-balanced management teams, self-efficacy, work-life balance, and a supportive work environment, and (2) increase JS through effective communication, employee development, rewards and recognition, and supervisor support

Investigation of the Exraction Processes and Performance Properties of Kudzu Fibers

While kudzu was introduced into the Southeastern United states for soil erosion and increase of land fertility, the plant has become unmanageable and is rapidly spreading to Canada. Japanese traditional craftsmen extract long, white fibers by labor intensive practices not feasible for 21st century commercial fiber production. This research investigated extraction by boiling, retting or fermentation, enzymatic combinations, and mild chemical processes. Two types of fibers were resultant- soft fibers and compact woody fibers. These fibers types were assessed for microscopic visual appearance, elemental analysis using EDAX SEM, and tensile strengths for the four extraction processes. In all extraction cases, the resultant amount of woody kudzu fibers was 2-5 times that of soft fibers. Breaking elongation of both soft and woody fibers was very high as compared to that of cotton fibers. Chemical processes improved the strength of soft fibers to a very high degree, averaging 19.89kg/tex

Optimisasi Pembagian Tugas Karyawan Menggunakan Metode Hungarian

Hal penting yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penugasan karyawan pada “Lia Fashion Komo Luar” adalah bagaimana kondisi penugasan agar kelebihan biaya produksi minimum sedangkan pada “Man Taylor” adalah bagaimana kondisi penugasan agar waktu produksi minimum. Dengan menggunakan metode Hungarian diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: penugasan karyawan pada “Lia Fashion Komo Luar” agar kelebihan biaya produksi minimum adalah karyawan A ditugaskan menjahit seragam pramuka putri, karyawan B ditugaskan menjahit seragam SMA putri, dan karyawan C menjahit baju pegawai sedangkan pada “Man Taylor” agar waktu produksi minimum adalah karyawan A ditugaskan menjahit baju kebaya, karyawan C ditugaskan menjahit rok kebaya, karyawan D ditugaskan menjahit celana panjang, karyawan E ditugaskan menjahit rok pendek, karyawan F ditugaskan mejahit pakaian dinas harian (PDH), dan karyawan G ditugaskan menjahit baju kemeja. OPTIMIZATION OF DISTRIBUTION WORKER ASSIGNMENTUSING HUNGARIAN METHO

Parent–offspring conflict and its outcome under uni-and biparental care

Conflicts over parental investment are predicted to be common among family members, especially between parents and their offspring. Parent–offspring conflict has been studied in many brood-caring organisms, but whether its outcome is closer to the parental or offspring optimum is usually unknown, as is whether the presence of a second parent, a caring male partner, can affect the outcome. Here, we manipulated the initial brood size of single and paired female burying beetles to examine how many offspring are necessary to maintain parental care in the current brood. We found that mothers continued to invest in small broods even if their reproductive output would have been higher if they had discontinued their care and produced a second brood instead. Consequently, our data suggests that the offspring have the upper hand in the conflict. However, our results further show that paired females laid a second egg clutch more often and produced more offspring than single females, suggesting that the presence of a male partner shifts the conflict outcome towards the parental optimum. This latter result not only is a novel aspect of parent–offspring theory, but also represents an additional factor that might explain the evolution of biparental care

Pengelompokan Kecamatan Berdasarkan Produksi Hortikultura Menggunakan Analisi Klaster Hierarki di Kabupaten Toraja Utara

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil pengelompokan kecamatan berdasarkan potensi produksi hortikultura di kabupaten Toraja Utara menggunakan analisis klaster hierarki metode complete linkage dan untuk mengetahui karakteristik setiap kelompok klaster yang terbentuk. Analisis klaster yaitu analisis yang mengelompokkan elemen yang mirip sebagai objek penelitian menjadi klaster yang berbeda dan klaster saling meniadakan (mutually exclusive). Analisis klaster terbagi atas dua metode yaitu hierarki dan non hierarki. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode hierarki yaitu complete linkage.  Metode complete linkage adalah proses clustering yang didasarkan pada jarak terjauh antar objeknya, kemudian diterapkan dalam pengelompokan kecamatan di kabupaten Toraja Utara berdasarkan produksi hortikultura dan menggunakan jarak Manhattan. Hasil pengelompokan dari penelitian ini ada 5 klaster, klaster 1 terdiri dari 7 kecamatan, klaster 2 terdiri dari 1 kecamatan, klaster 3 terdiri dari 2 kecamatan, klaster 4 terdiri dari 10 kecamatan dan klaster 5 terdiri dari 1 kecamatan dan pada klaster 1 pada produksi tomat dan buncis adalah nilai rata-rata tertinggi di antara variabel tiap klaster dan untuk produksi labu siam adalah nilai rata-rata tertinggi pada klaster 1, klaster 2 pada produksi labu siam adalah nilai rata-rata tertinggi pada klaster 2, klaster 3 pada produksi cabai rawit dan kacang Panjang adalah nilai rata-rata tertinggi di antara variabel tiap klaster dan untuk produksi labu siam merupakan nilai rata-rata tertinggi pada klaster 3, klaster 4 pada produksi terung adalah nilai rata-rata tertinggi di antara variabel tiap klaster dan untuk produksi cabai besar adalah nilai rata-rata tertinggi antar variabel dan klaster dan untuk klaster 5 pada produksi bayam dan bawang daun adalah nilai rata-rata tertinggi di antara variabel tiap klaster dan untuk produksi cabai rawit merupakan adalah nilai rata-rata tertinggi pada klaster 5.Kata kunci: sektor pertanian; analisis gerombol; squared euclidean Kata kunci: Klaster, hierarki, complete linkag