Experimental Design and Robust Regression

Design of Experiments (DOE) is a very powerful statistical methodology, especially when used with linear regression analysis. The use of ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation of linear regression parameters requires the errors to have a normal distribution. However, there are numerous situations when the error distribution is non-normal and using OLS can result in inaccurate parameter estimates. Robust regression is a useful and effective way to estimate the parameters of a regression model in the presence of non-normally distributed residuals. An extensive literature review suggests that there are limited studies comparing the performance of different robust estimators in conjunction with different experimental design sizes, models, and error distributions. The research in this thesis is an attempt to bridge this gap. The performance of the popular robust estimators is compared over different experimental design sizes, models, and error distributions and the results are presented and discussed. The results evaluating the performance of the robust estimator with OLS after performing Box-Cox transformation are also presented in this research

EMI design of flyover QSFP (FQSFP) connector for 56+ Gbps applications, system level modelling of the Z-directed component (ZDC)

This thesis comprises of two parts. Firstly, the Flyover Quad Small Form Pluggable (FQSFP) approach for 56+ Gbps applications is introduced to overcome the limitations from a large loss on typical QSFP ports with surface mount to Printed Circuit Board (PCB) traces. By replacing the PCB traces to the twinax cables, it is possible to achieve around 7 dB lower insertion loss at 40 GHz for the 12-inch path from the switch IC to connector than that of PCB trace with a low loss substrate. Also, to investigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) aspect of FQSFP approach, a simulation model of FQSFP has been developed which corroborates favorably with measurement profiles of time domain reflectometry (TDR) at FQSFP port and total radiated power (TRP) from FQSFP in a test vehicle. Furthermore, the EMI profile of the FQSFP after integration of the cage has also been studied. The second portion of the thesis includes the system level implementation of a novel Z-directed component (ZDC) capacitor studied in two phases. Firstly, the ZDC interaction with planes is modelled using full wave 3D simulation and the impedance profile is compared to that of a regular decoupling capacitor, when it is placed far away from the Integrated Circuit (IC). Secondly, utilizing a commercial tool, the ZDC is implemented on a real PCB design where the local decoupling capacitors underneath the IC are replaced with ZDC and their performances are compared. It is shown that the high frequency performance can be significantly improved by reducing the current path inductance, the advantage of using ZDC --Abstract, page iii

EcoDesign for medical devices: Barriers and opportunities to eco effective design of medical devices

Medical devices have a significant negative impact on the environment. The waste generated from medical devices has environmental as well as cost implications. While single-use devices are responsible for rising quantities of medical waste and inventory costs for hospitals, reused devices tend to get involved in cases of reinfection and are more expensive to develop for manufacturers. Beyond the benefits and risks of single-use and reusable devices, the imperative for a less wasteful healthcare system in the United Kingdom lies in the Climate Change Act, which mandates the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 80% from the 1990 baseline. The design of these devices accounts for many of the environmental impacts that occur at the various stages of their lifecycles. Research in ecodesign for medical devices has so far produced more eco-efficient strategies which help progressively reduce the environmental impacts of devices. Based on the reports from the National Health Service, the current efforts at tackling the environmental impact of medical devices are not contributing to the reduction in emissions as required by the Climate Change Act. Eco-effective design is an alternative strategy for preventing waste and maximizing the value of resources used due to the rising pressures from regulatory authorities to reduce environmental impact, and the rising costs of pursuing a take-make-dispose culture, as has been observed in industries such as the automotive sector, electronics sector, textiles and consumer products sector. Yet its application in the medical device industry has not been significantly explored. Through this project, we identify the barriers and opportunities for eco-effective design of medical devices, and propose the principles of eco-effective design of medical devices, providing an approach for integrating eco-effective design strategies in the design process. Research Question: How can eco-effective strategies be integrated in the design of medical devices? 1. What are the barriers and opportunities to eco-effective design of medical devices? 2. How can these eco-effective strategies be integrated in the design process? This study explores the barriers and opportunities to eco-effective design for medical devices in two phases. The first phase reviews the regulatory, practical and epistemic barriers and opportunities to eco-effective design of medical devices through academic literature. The second phase of this research uses mapping of material flows as a method for identifying barriers and opportunities for cradle-to-cradle design of medical devices. Using the insights and understanding from these two phases, we developed the principles of eco-effective design for medical devices. The principles have been validated through interviews with field experts. This project investigates the regulatory, practical and epistemic barriers to eco-effective design in this industry, and identifies design principles to integrate eco-effective design strategies in the design process for medical devices

Design From Deconstruction: Design And Development of an Electric Toaster

The act of cooking bread is an old on. In right on time human advancements bread was set on an open fire, this additionally anticipated mold development on the bread. The Romans brought this thought back from Egypt in 500 B.C. what's more, took it to Great Britain when they attacked in A.D. 44. The primary electric toaster was undoubtedly imagined in 1905, which is the year Albert Marsh built up the Nichrome wire, making the electric toaster conceivable. Throughout the year's toaster sizes, shapes and components changed yet the outcome is the cooking of bread items. Electric toaster as the name recommend is basically a convenient residential machine planned for toasting bread and is worked electrically. The bread is embedded in the toaster, warmed at craved temperature till cocoa in shading and a sensible surface. That is the span of the toasting period is foreordained by setting of inherent control gadget. It is valuable to local family and in addition eateries and lodgings and so forth. The favorable circumstances are, it spares work and time, simple upkeep, keeps kitchen clean and clean. The electric toaster is worked at 220 volts A.C., single stage and accessible in four distinctive evaluated limit, for example, 600 W, 750 W, 1000 W and 1250

Socio-metrics of digital payments in demographic dividend: Descriptive analysis of dichotomous preferences

171-177Innovation in financial services has attracted a lot of attention and becomes the focal point in some jurisdiction further taking a very effective approach for facilitation of the technology enabled innovation. Digital disruptions have affected the all aspect of social mechanism and economic function, with higher density of mobile consumers and internet penetrations as compared to banking and other financial services facilitation. Technical firms have been providing new integrated faster, effective and inclusive innovative solutions; and it accelerates the inclusive digital payment systems. The variant methods of digital payments adopted by urban and semi urban consumers for their usual financial transactions is growing exponentially; however, post demonetization by Government of India, there was urgent need for alternative payment mechanism not only for urban consumers but also support the utilization by rural consumers in demographic dividend. The concept for the study has been to explore strategic advantages of digital payments and diagnosis for the current ecosystem in the support for better adoption of digital payments by the retail consumers in given mixed demography. In the present study, we have approached the Dhanbad district and collected data from different demography for our pilot survey. We have analyzed structured questionnaire based data to understand the various challenged with digital payments in demographic dividend for study area getting dichotomous preferences

A study to assess the therapeutic role of GM-CSF (EMGRAST -M) on augmentation of total leucocyte count and total platelet count in cancer patients after chemotherapy

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the therapeutic role of GM-CSF (EMGRAST -M) on augmentation of total leucocyte count and total platelet count in cancer patients after chemotherapy.Methods: The total leucocyte count (TLC) and total platelet count (TPC) of thirty patients on chemotherapy were obtained before and after the administration of GM-CSF. The results were analysed retrospectively for the effect of GM-CSF on these parameters. Statistical analysis was done, and graphs were made by Libre office calc and Student’s T Test was used for comparison of data.Results: The study showed that EMGRAST-M had an impressive effect on both the platelet count and the leucocyte count.Conclusions: GM-CSF has a great therapeutic role in the enhancement of platelet count and leucocyte count in patients of cancer chemotherapy

Aceclofenac induced morbilliform eruptions: a case report

Maculopapular or morbilliform eruptions may be the most common of all cutaneous drug reactions. Antimicrobials, NSAIDS, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, oral hypoglycemics etc. have been commonly implicated in these adverse reactions (ADR). Here, authors are presenting a case of a 38-year-old female with morbilliform eruptions due to aceclofenac for the treatment of joint pain. The patient was treated with antihistaminics, steroids, antimicrobials and local application of GV paint. She was discharged after eleven days with good recovery