Feasible pathways for the multi-dimensional synthesis of carboxylic acid from benzo-pyrone methyl ketone

3-Acetyl coumarin derivatives are the key synthons to the numerous numbers of heterocyclic compound syntheses. Due to the wide spectrum applications of benzopyran derivatives in pharma, research, food technology and material science there is a multitude number of methodologies feasible to synthesize benzo pyrone heterocyclic derivatives. This article articulates the synthesis and molecular structure confirmation of oxidative product starting from methyl ketone compound by haloform reaction. Design of benign path ways for instance room temperature, reflux conditions and water bath mediated synthesis of desired compounds in expected yields is the foremost intent of the article. Solvent and catalyst optimization studies were carried to elevate the product yield and to precede the reaction in sustainable way. Furthermore compounds are confirmed by spectroscopic analytical methods such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and HRMS spectroscopy. This article paves the way to researchers to explore these analogues to explore disparate medicinal applications

Stomatal behaviour and endogenous phytohormones promotes intrinsic water use efficiency differently in cotton under drought

112-120The coordination between phytohormones regulation, stomatal behaviour (stomatal index and opening/closing) and gas exchange are potent determinants of plant survival under drought stress. However, we found a knowledge gap in the mechanism regulating the fine-tuning of these features during drought. In order to address this we evaluated gas exchange, stomatal behaviour and endogenous phytohormones content in two cotton varieties (LRA-5166 and NBRI-67) differing in drought sensitivity during water deficit conditions. Variety specific differences were recorded in net photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) with significantly less decrease in drought tolerant LRA-5166 than drought sensitive NBRI-67. The abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation was significantly increased in LRA-5166 while reduced in NBRI-67 under water deficit, which was accompanied by relatively less reduced 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) level in LRA-5166 than NBRI-67.Thus, improved ABA/6-BAP ratio was observed in both the varieties of cotton. Critically, LRA- 5166 has reduced stomatal index, aperture size and significantly higher A and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), thus higher drought tolerance than NBRI-67. Furthermore, we found that endogenous ABA predominantly maintains the stomatal behaviour and regulates its physiology either by antagonizing 6-BAP or alone to coordinate with water deficit signals. Overall, our findings describe a new insight as to how drought modulates endogenous ABA and 6-BAP homeostasis in cotton leaf and the mechanism of stomatal regulation by ABA and 6-BAP in cotton

‘G’ followed by ‘H’-gout follows homoeopathy

Currently in modern medicine, it is seen that taking a uric acid reducing drug during an attack of gout actually prolongs the pain and discomfort. So, the learning is that one need not worry about high uric acid levels during an acute flair of gout. What actually someone needs is an anti-inflammatory that reduces the inflammation caused by the crystals of uric acid that build up in the joints when someone has gout. This anti-inflammatory drug is ‘colchicine’. Homoeopathy has been using the drug ‘colchicum autumnale’ for last 233 years since its discovery in 1790 by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843). It also uses its active principle ‘colchicine’ for the last 233 years. It is quite striking to see that the modern medicine is realizing the importance of ‘colchicine’ currently. The same ‘colchicine’ was advised to be used as an anti-inflammatory to reduce the markers like C-reactive protein, LDH, D-dimer and homocysteine. During the COVID-19 peak, again the homoeopathic Colchicine came to the rescue. The current article examines the use of homoeopathy in gout and uric acid problems and again at a larger issue with the protein metabolism and the kidney heath. Integration of homoeopathy at large scale will help the nation to protect its members from protein metabolism disorders, kidney health and gout as well

महिषासुर: मिथक व परंपराएं

इक्कसवीं सदी के दूसरे दशक में भारत में महिषासुर आंदोलन द्विज संस्कृति के लिए चुनौती बनकर उभरा। इसके माध्यम से आदिवासियों, पिछड़ों और दलितों के एक बड़े हिस्से ने अपनी सांस्कृतिक दावेदारी पेश की। लेकिन यह आंदोलन क्या है, इसकी जड़ें समाज में कहां तक फैली हैं, बहुजनों की सांस्कृतिक परंपरा में इसका क्या स्थान है, मौजूदा लोक-जीवन में महिषासुर की उपस्थिति किन-किन रूपों में है, इसके पुरातात्विक साक्ष्य क्या हैं? गीतों-कविताओं व नाटकों में महिषासुर किस रूप में याद किए जा रहे हैं और अकादमिक-बौद्धिक वर्ग को इस आंदोलन ने किस रूप में प्रभावित किया है, उनकी प्रतिक्रियाएं क्या हैं? आदि प्रश्नों पर विमर्श हमें एक ऐसी बौद्धिक यात्रा की ओर ले जाने में सक्षम हैं, जिससे हममें अधिकांश अभी तक अपरिचित रहे हैं। क्या महिषासुर दक्षिण एशिया के अनार्यों के पूर्वज थे, जो बाद में एक मिथकीय चरित्र बन कर बहुजन संस्कृति के प्रतीक पुरुष बन गए? क्या यह बहुत बाद की परिघटना है, जब माकण्डेय पुराण, दुर्गासप्तशती जैसे ग्रंथ रच कर, एक कपोल-कल्पित देवी के हाथों महिषासुर की हत्या की कहानी गढ़ी गई? इस आंदोलन की सैद्धांतिकी क्या है? प्रमोद रंजन द्वारा संपादित किताब “महिषासुर: मिथक व परंपराएं” में लेखकों ने उपरोक्त प्रश्नों पर विचार किया है तथा विलुप्ति के कगार पर खड़े असुर समुदाय का विस्तृत नृवंशशास्त्रीय अध्ययन भी प्रस्तुत किया है। इस पुस्तक में समकालीन भारतीय साहित्य में महिषासुर पर लिखी गई कविताओं व गीतों का प्रतिनिधि संकलन भी है तथा महिषासुर की बहुजन कथा पर आधारित एक नाटक भी प्रकाशित है। समाज-विज्ञान व सांस्कृतिक विमर्श के अध्येताओं, सामाजिक-राजनीतिक कार्यकर्ताओं, साहित्य प्रेमियों के लिए यह एक आवश्यक पुस्तक है

Synthesis, anti-microbial activity and docking studies of 3-(2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-ones and ethyl 2-(2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)acetates

96-105Different approaches for the synthesis of a series of 3-(2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ones 5a-h is described. Also, 5a-h can be prepared by the reaction of salicylaldehyde with ethyl 2-(2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)acetates 6a-h which in turn are prepared by the reaction of ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate with phenylthioureas. All the compounds 5a-h and intermediates 6a-h prepared in this work have been screened for their antimicrobial activities such as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. Compounds 6e, 6g and 6h show good anti-bacterial activity. The molecular interaction of the synthesized compounds 6a-h with S. aureus FtsZ protein is supported by molecular docking studies

Thermal rearrangement of tert-butylsulfinamide

tert-Butylsulfinamides are unstable above room temperature, and in chlorinated solvents they undergo rearrangement to form the more stable N-(tert-butylthio)-tert-butylsulfonamide

Synthesis, isolation, identification and characterization of new process-related impurity in isoproterenol hydrochloride by HPLC, LC/ESI-MS and NMR

One unknown impurity (Imp-II) during the analysis of laboratory batches of isoproterenol hydrochloride was detected in the level ranging from 0.04% to 0.12% by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The unknown impurity structure was proposed as 4-[2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol (Imp-II) using the liquid chromatography--mass spectrophotometry (LC--MS) analysis. Imp-II was isolated by semi-preparative liquid chromatography from the impurity-enriched reaction crude sample. Its proposed structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic spectroscopy such as 1H, 13C, DEPT (1D NMR), HSQC (2D NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), and retention time and purity with HPLC followed by the chemical synthesis. Due to less removable nature of Imp-II during the purification, the synthetic process was optimized proficiently to control the formation of Imp-II below to the limit<0.12% in the course of reaction. The new chemical route was developed for the preparation of this impurity in required quantity with purity to use as reference standard. The most probable mechanism for the formation of Imp-II was discussed in details. Keywords: Isoproterenol hydrochloride, Impurities, HPLC, NM

Facile synthesis of 4-((5-substituted-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ols by selective reduction

1042-10485-Bromo-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (1a) has been condensed with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (2) in ethanol containing l-Proline as a catalyst at RT in just 0.5 h to form the Knoevenagel condensation product 3a, i.e., (Z)-4-((5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one. The latter undergoes chemoselective reduction with sodium borohydride in methanol at RT, in just 5 min, to give the title compound 4a, i.e., 4-((5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol. The reactions are found to be general and have been extended to other derivatives of 1 leading to various 3 and 4. Both the reactions i.e. condensation and subsequent reduction, have many advantages like shorter reaction times, good yields of the products formed, and isolation of the products without the need for column chromatography

ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel (E)-N&apos;-(Substituted)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide Analogs

ABSTRACT The hydrazide-hydrazone analogs 4a-4l is described via the condensation of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide 3 with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes a-l. Various spectroscopic techniques viz., ( 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR and MS) were utilized to determine the structures of synthesized compounds. These compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal screening against S.aureus, S.pyogenes, E.coli, P.aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans (Fungal strains). The results revealed that most of the hydrazone derivatives exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the synthesized hydrazone derivatives were found to exhibit significant antidiabetic activity when compared to insulin

An efficient synthesis of 3-chloromethyl-1,2-benzisoxazoles <i style="">via</i> modified Boekelheide rearrangement

119-125An efficient and simple method for the preparation of 3-chloromethyl-1,2-benzisoxazoles by modified Boekelheide re­arrange­ment using phosphorous oxychloride in moderate to good yields has been reported. The scope of the process in terms of synthetic utility and versatility is established