To Plea or Not to Plea: The Benefits of Establishing an Institutionalized Plea Bargaining System in Japan

Plea bargaining, the practice that permits the prosecution and defense to negotiate reduced charges or a lighter sentence in exchange for the defendant’s guilty plea, is a bedrock component of the criminal justice system in many nations. The Japanese legal community, however, has resisted introducing plea bargaining into Japan’s legal system. From 2001 to 2004, the Japanese legislature passed over twenty reform laws to prepare the country’s criminal justice system for the demands of the twenty-first century, but provisions for plea bargaining were conspicuously absent from the reform package. This is largely because the Japanese legal community views plea bargaining as antithetical to the Japanese justice system’s core values: obtaining the truth, encouraging the defendant’s remorse and rehabilitation, and protecting victims’ interests. Resistance to plea bargaining in Japan takes on heightened significance in light of increasing pressures on the nation’s legal system to expedite criminal proceedings. Currently, there are “tacit” informal types of plea bargaining that Japanese prosecutors use to simplify trial procedures. This comment argues that tacit bargaining is an inadequate substitute for formal institutionalized plea bargaining. While tacit bargaining may relieve burdens on congested Japanese criminal courts, tacit bargains are unenforceable, leaving the defendant without a remedy in the event the prosecution breaches the informal agreement. The use of tacit bargaining is also concerning in regards to defendants’ rights because it sustains coercive aspects of the Japanese justice system and leads to uninformed, involuntary confessions. In order to address Japan’s cultural aversions to plea bargaining, this comment examines the use of plea bargaining in international criminal tribunals. These tribunals can serve as models for Japan because they have demonstrated that plea bargaining can aid rather than undermine the goals of the Japanese justice system

MODE OF ACTION OF STHANIK CHIKITSA IN COMMONLY USED IN STREE ROGA

Yoni Roga do not occur without vitiation of Apana Vata, thus first of all Vata should be normalized then treatment of other Doshas should be done. Sthanika Chikitsa (local therapies) prescribed by ancient Acharyas as Yoni Prakshalana (cleansing of vagina), Yoni Pichu (medication soaked tampon place in the vagina), Yoni Purana (vaginal packing), Yoni Lepa (semisolid drug applied in vaginal wall), Yoni Varti (vaginal suppository), Yoni Dhoopana (vaginal fumigation) & Uttarbasti (medicated oil/Ghrita pushed in the uterine cavity). For better result of this therapy the appropriate knowledge of mode of action of drug ought to be important. Our Acharyas very well know the mode of action of this Sthanika Chikitsa and describe the specific Sthanika Chikista according to different Yoni- Vyapada or vitiated Doshas. The reason behind for chosen the vaginal route because of the rugae of the vaginal epithelium create a invoulted surface and results in a large surface area provide, this large surface area allows the trans-epithelial absorption of medications via the vaginal route & the posterior fornix have rich blood supply so actively absorption of drug. The main objective of this literature to find out the probable mode of action of special drug in specific Sthanik Chikitsa

Prevalence of thinness among the adolescent girls (age group 13yrs-18yrs) of Garhkhal Village of Himachal Pradesh, India.

Malnutrition has now been redefined in terms of “under nutrition” and conceptualized in terms of thinness which is an important problem among children and adolescents in rural areas of developing countries like India. Therefore, present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of thinness among the adolescent girls (age group 13yrs-18yrs) of Garhkhal Village of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study design was cross-sectional. Height and weight were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was carried out. Identification of thinness was done according to the new International BMI-based classification cut offs as given by Cole et al., 2007. In general the mean BMI increased with increasing age. Overall age-combined prevalence was 79.5%. Present study indicated the poor health status of the adolescent girls of the selected area which indicates the high nutritional stress among them as evident from the thinness prevalent among them

Kv7 K+ Channels in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells as Target for Asthma Therapy

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is an important etiological feature of asthma, the molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood, thus preventing development of specific and effective therapies. We investigate the role played by Kv7 voltage-activated potassium channels in the pathophysiology of AHR and evaluate the significance of their regulation in treatment of asthma. Our studies provide the first evidence for expression of multiple Kv7 channels in guinea pig and human airways and demonstrate that the expression of Kv7 channels is reduced in allergen-sensitized guinea pig airways. Our ex vivo functional studies reveal that clinically available Kv7 channel activators attenuate the bronchoconstrictor agonists mediated airway constriction. This protective effect is likely due to the increase in the activity of remaining Kv7 channels in allergen-sensitized airways, thereby improving control on membrane polarization. These findings highlight a potential therapeutic strategy for regulation of airway diameter in the treatment of asthma and other airway diseases

Automated Anomaly Detection and Localization System for a Microservices Based Cloud System

Context: With an increasing number of applications running on a microservices-based cloud system (such as AWS, GCP, IBM Cloud), it is challenging for the cloud providers to offer uninterrupted services with guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) factors. Problem Statement: Existing monitoring frameworks often do not detect critical defects among a large volume of issues generated, thus affecting recovery response times and usage of maintenance human resource. Also, manually tracing the root causes of the issues requires a significant amount of time. Objective: The objective of this work is to: (i) detect performance anomalies, in real-time, through monitoring KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) using distributed tracing events, and (ii) identify their root causes. Proposed Solution: This thesis proposes an automated prediction-based anomaly detection and localization system, capable of detecting performance anomalies of a microservice using machine learning techniques, and determine their root-causes using a localization process. Novelty: The originality of this work lies in the detection process that uses a novel ensemble of a time-series forecasting model and three different unsupervised learning techniques that avoid defining static error thresholds to detect an anomaly and, instead follow a dynamic approach. Experimental Results: The proposed detection system was experimented using different variants of ensembles, evaluated on a real-world production dataset out of which two proposed ensembles outperformed the existing static rule-based approach with average F1-scores of 86% and 84%, average precision scores of 82% and 77% and average recall scores of 91% and 93% respectively across 6 experiments. The proposed detection ensembles were also evaluated on the Numenta Anomaly Benchmark (NAB) datasets and results show that the proposed method performs better than the Numenta’s standard HTM model score. Research Methodology: We adopted an agile methodology to conduct our research in an incremental and iterative fashion. Conclusion: The two proposed ensembles for anomaly detection perform better than the existing static rule-based approach

A rare case of recurrent hypoglycaemia

Very often clinicians are confronted with unconscious patients; the cause being hypoglycaemia. In addition to correction of hypoglycaemia promptly, a search for the cause of hypoglycaemia must be attempted at the earliest with a stepwise approach. Here, the authors present a rare case of recurrent hypoglycaemia where a stepwise approach ultimately led to a diagnosis, but there were various reports which were misleading. The diagnosis was insulinoma which was apparent from the history and presenting features. But, the initial investigations, even though having high sensitivity, were normal, thus leading to a more invasive approach. The patient was ultimately cured by enucleation