Fibrolamellar Carcinoma with DNAJB1-PRKACA Fusion in a 16-Year-Old: Case Report and Review of Literature

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a unique primary liver malignancy arising in noncirrhotic livers of young adults with an incidence of 0.02 per 100,000 in the USA (1). In the 5th edition of the WHO classification of the digestive system tumors published in 2019, fibrolamellar carcinoma is categorized as a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In 2014, the unique DNAJB1-PRKACA chimeric fusion protein was identified. Later studies proved this chimeric fusion protein as the main pathological driver in the disease manifestation of fibrolamellar carcinoma. Despite the invention of specific molecular genetic alteration in FLC, its oncogenic role and implication in FLC treatment remain an enigma. Surgical resection remains the primary therapeutic option, and the recurrence rate is extremely high (1). We present a case of fibrolamellar carcinoma in a pediatric patient with the PRKACA rearrangement resulting in DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion

Human relationship in the Novels of Nayantara Sahgal

Nayantara Sahgal is an Indian writer in English. She was one of the first female Indian writers in English to receive wide recognition. Her concern for women is based more on humanism rather than that of feminism. Her feminism does not go beyond treating women as an individual. During 1950's period, Nayantara Sahgal emerged as one of the most significant voices among women writers in the contemporary Indian writing in English. Nayantara Sahgal is a prolific writer who has eight novels to her credit, two biographies, two political commentaries and a large number of articles in various newspapers and magazines. She is a recipient of the prestigious `Sahitya Akademi Award' for her novel ‘Rich Like Us’ (1985), the `Sinclair Award' and the 'Common Wealth Award for Eurasia' for her novel ‘Plans For Departure’ (1986). Her fiction is closely interwoven with the fabric of interpersonal relationships not in the political and social milieu of India. Various dimensions of human relationships, man-woman particularly are the main thesis, we do find in all her novels. Man-Woman relationship holds a vital place in these relationships and the novelist deals with this dimension of relationship with full concern and broad perspective

Comparison of HRCT chest findings among vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients

Background: Coronavirus disease 19 was first reported in Wuhan, China and it was declared a pandemic by WHO in March 12, 2020. Vaccination has provided a very effective way to prevent the spread and reduce the severity of this disease. The two vaccines currently approved by the Government of India are Covaxin and Covishield. HRCT is the most valuable tool available to assess the pulmonary involvement in this disease. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of vaccination on the severity of pulmonary involvement in COVID-19.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a department of radio diagnosis of tertiary health care hospital of Bihar for period of 4 months from April 2021 to July 2021.Results: The study involved a total of 100 patients (74 were males and 26 females), where 50 were (50%) were unvaccinated and 50 (28.6%) were vaccinated with one or both doses Covishield vaccine. The frequency of disease was least in 14 (7.9%) among fully vaccinated subjects. The CT severity score is less in those who took both doses of the vaccine. The mean CT score of all the patients included in the study was 12.64±11.1. However, the patients who received complete vaccination had significantly low mean CT scores (14.18±7.223) in comparison to the non-vaccinated patients (11.1±6.016).  Fully vaccinated patients had almost low CT severity score indicating mild form of disease.Conclusions: HRCT is the most sensitive modality to detect severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Severe lung involvement is more common in the unvaccinated population (32%) as compared with the vaccinated group, in which only 25% members had severe lung involvement.

Drug Repurposing and Orphan Disease Therapeutics

Drug repurposing (or drug repositioning) is an innovative way to find out the new indications of a drug that already exists in the market with known therapeutic indications. It offers an effective way to drug developers or the pharmaceutical companies to identify new targets for FDA-approved drugs. Less time consumption, low cost and low risk of failure are some of the advantages being offered with drug repurposing. Sildenafil (Viagra), a landmark example of a repurposed drug, was introduced into the market as an antianginal drug. But at present, its use is repurposed as drug for erectile dysfunction. In a similar way, numerous drugs are there that have been successfully repurposed in managing the clinical conditions. The chapter would be highlighting the various drug repurposing strategies, drugs repurposed in the past and the current status of repurposed drugs in the orphan disease therapeutics along with regulatory guidelines for drug repurposing

Comparison of Detection Rate of Root Canal Orifices of Maxillary First Molar Using Various Techniques: An in-vivo Study

Objective: To compare the detection rate of root canal orifices of maxillary first molar by various techniques in the Indian population. Material and Methods: A total of 50 maxillary 1st molar cases were selected and sequentially divided into four groups: Group I: Naked eye; Group II: Surgical loupe; Group III: Surgical operating microscope; and Group IV: Fluorescein sodium dye. After access opening, the number of root canal orifices was detected in all cases with these methods. Results: By naked eye and surgical loupe, a total of 171 root canal orifices were detected, by a surgical operating microscope, 176, and by fluorescein sodium dye, 177 root canal orifices were detected. The detection rate of root canal orifices is as follows: Group I (96.61%) = Group II (96.61%) < Group III (99.44%) < Group IV (100%) and detection rate of MB-2 canal orifices Group I (40%) = Group II (40%) < Group III (50%) < Group IV (52%). No significant difference in the number of canal orifices detected could be seen for any of the comparisons. No significant difference was observed between the naked eye and surgical loupe techniques. Although the surgical operating microscope detected more root canal orifices, it did not have a significantly higher detection than the other two techniques. Conclusion: No significant difference was seen among various methods. However, the use of a surgical operating microscope and fluorescein sodium dye increased the detection rate of root canal orifices

Unmasking the mimic: when sepsis disguises as dengue shock syndrome

This case report delves into the diagnostic challenges faced when differentiating between sepsis and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), particularly in regions where both are endemic. A 23-year-old female initially diagnosed with DSS presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, and multi-organ dysfunction. Despite aggressive DSS management, the patient's condition worsened, prompting further investigation. Blood cultures eventually revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae, leading to a shift in diagnosis to sepsis. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, which included blood cultures, serological tests, and imaging. Prompt initiation of targeted antibiotics and comprehensive critical care resulted in significant improvement, highlighting the critical role of early recognition and intervention in optimizing outcomes. The complexities in distinguishing between sepsis and DSS underscore the need for continuous vigilance and a thorough diagnostic approach in similar clinical scenarios

Dielectric Properties and AC Conductivity Measurements of Amorphous Ge15Se85 Glass

In the present study, investigations of dielectric parameters viz dielectric constant (), dielectric loss () and AC conductivity measurements have been made for bulk chalcogenide Ge15Se85 glass in the frequency range 10 to 500 kHz within the temperature range from 300 to 390 K. The variation of dielectric constant and dielectric loss with frequency at room temperature is reported and discussed in the investigated glassy binary alloy. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3101

Irradiation Studies of LED Light Spectra on the Growth and Development of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

The study aimed to explore the impacts of distinctive qualities of the LED light (such as to low power consumption, lesser production costs, longer operational lifetime and cool light emission with specific monochromatic wavelength) on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth and development including plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh and dry weight etc. The accumulation of phyto-pigments, soluble proteins and sugars, free radical scavenging activity and overall tuber yield were also evaluated. Enhanced plant height with increased diameter and branching was observed with the plant growing under the B100 and R30B70 LED light combination. Similarly, total number of leaves, leaf surface area, health index, phyto-pigments and tuber yield of potato was also significantly increased as compared to the plant growing under the W100 as control. Soluble proteins and sugar content and free radical scavenging enzyme activity were also significantly enhanced in the R30B70 LED light combination. Tubers yield per plants were also enhanced under the RB combination of the LED light. The current study indicated that the combination of R and B LED lights proved better for plant growth and development in a controlled environment and the R30B70 is the best combinational spectra for increased growth and tuber yield of potato plants. Therefore, the precise management of the irradiance and wavelength may hold promise in maximizing the economic efficiency of potato production, and quality of this important vegetables grown in controlled environments

Formulation and evaluation of biodegradable microspheres of tinidazole

The aim of present study is to develop biodegradable microspheres of Tinidazole. Bovine Serum Albumin was used for the preparation of microspheres. They were made in four batches. The emulsion cross-linking method was used for the preparation. The quantity of BSA varies for each formulation. Formulations were evaluated for particle size, Melting point, TLC, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release studies. Depending upon the drug to polymer ratio, the entrapment, loading were found to range between 48, 55, 75 and 78 (in %) respectively. Particle size of prepared microspheres was measured using a compound microscope. The surface topography and internal textures of the microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The microspheres were spherical, discrete and compact and size distribution was between 33.28 to 36.25 μm. In vitro studies were carried out at different pH for a period of 18 h and compared with marketed formulation. From all the batches it is concluded that when concentration of polymer increases microspheres shows more controlled and prolonged release. The drug release was between 66, 51, 48, 42 (in %). The drug release from 1:4 is most prolonged and constant. Both the IR spectra of drug and formulation were almost same. Combination multitone recorded due to N=O stretching and S=O in the IR region of 1500-1250 cm−1.Keywords: Biodegradable microspheres, BSA, Tinidazole, In vitro release.IntroductionMicrosphere

Formulation and evaluation of biodegradable microspheres of tinidazole

The aim of present study is to develop biodegradable microspheres of Tinidazole. Bovine Serum Albumin was used for the preparation of microspheres. They were made in four batches. The emulsion cross-linking method was used for the preparation. The quantity of BSA varies for each formulation. Formulations were evaluated for particle size, Melting point, TLC, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release studies. Depending upon the drug to polymer ratio, the entrapment, loading were found to range between 48, 55, 75 and 78 (in %) respectively. Particle size of prepared microspheres was measured using a compound microscope. The surface topography and internal textures of the microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The microspheres were spherical, discrete and compact and size distribution was between 33.28 to 36.25 μm. In vitro studies were carried out at different pH for a period of 18 h and compared with marketed formulation. From all the batches it is concluded that when concentration of polymer increases microspheres shows more controlled and prolonged release. The drug release was between 66, 51, 48, 42 (in %). The drug release from 1:4 is most prolonged and constant. Both the IR spectra of drug and formulation were almost same. Combination multitone recorded due to N=O stretching and S=O in the IR region of 1500-1250 cm−1.Keywords: Biodegradable microspheres, BSA, Tinidazole, In vitro release.IntroductionMicrosphere