Simulated Annealing for Location Area Planning in Cellular networks

LA planning in cellular network is useful for minimizing location management cost in GSM network. In fact, size of LA can be optimized to create a balance between the LA update rate and expected paging rate within LA. To get optimal result for LA planning in cellular network simulated annealing algorithm is used. Simulated annealing give optimal results in acceptable run-time.Comment: 7 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa

Effect of Methylprednisolone in Periarticular Infiltration for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty on Pain and Rehabilitation

Background: Optimal pain management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important to ensure timely rehabilitation and patient satisfaction. This study examines the efficacy of adding corticosteroid in periarticular infiltration cocktail with relation to postoperative pain management and rehabilitation in patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKA. Methods: Fifty patients with symptomatic end-stage bilateral knee osteoarthritis undergoing bilateral TKA under the same anesthetic were recruited. More painful knee was operated first, and the study solution containing ropivacaine, clonidine, epinephrine, and ketorolac with methylprednisolone was infiltrated in one knee and an identical mixture but without methylprednisolone was infiltrated in the second knee. Outcome measures included comparison of visual analogue scale on movement of each knee and range of motion achieved during the first three days after surgery. Results: Differences in visual analogue scale score and range of motion at day one and three between the two groups of knees were significant (P < .05). Postoperative inflammation and the ability to straight leg raise showed better trends in the knees receiving prednisolone although this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Addition of methylprednisolone to periarticular infiltration cocktail for patients undergoing TKA has significant influence on reduction of pain in the early postoperative period and patients are able to regain knee flexion more quickly

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AERIAL PARTS OF TRICHODESMA INDICUM R. BR.

Objective: This study was undertaken to carry out pharmacognostical studies and phytochemical studies on aerial parts of Trichodesma indicum R. Br belonging to the family Boraginaceae.Methods: The aerial parts of plant leaf and stem were evaluated for pharmacognostical studies such as macroscopy, microscopy, powder study, and quantitative microscopy. The powder was evaluated for proximate analysis like ash vale, extracting value, moisture content, swelling index, elemental analysis, fluorescence analysis, and preliminary phytochemical studies.Results: Transverse section of leaf of T. indicum R. Br. showed presence of covering trichomes with bulbous base upper and lower epidermis, collenchyma, prisms of calcium oxalate, vascular bundle and palisade cells. Surface preparation showed the presence of wavy epidermal cells, anomocytic stomata, anisocytic stomata, trichomes. Transverse section of Stem of Trichodesma indicum R. Br showed the presence of trichomes with, epidermis, hypodermis, cortex, xylem and pith. Powder study of aerial parts of T. indicum R. Br showed the presence of trichomes, xylem vessels, parenchyma, epidermal cells, fibres, calcium oxalate crystals. The powder of aerial parts was evaluated for proximate analysis such as ash value, extractive value, moisture content, total solid content, and the swelling index, which give idea about the presence of siliceous material, and amount of constituents extracted into different solvent. The elemental analysis of aerial parts showed that plant was free from heavy metal contamination i.e. arsenic, lead. The fluorescence analysis of plant powder showed that plant contains phenolic compounds. Qualitative chemical examination showed that the aerial parts of Trichodesma indicum R. Br, is credited with phytosterol, triterpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, fixed oil, fatty acids mucilage.Conclusion: The study reveals specific identifying characteristics for the particular crude drug which will be of significant use in identification and control to adulteration of the raw drug and can serve as a reference for any further investigations.Â

TRIM32 regulates mitochondrial mediated ROS levels and sensitizes the oxidative stress induced cell death

Emerging evidence suggests that ubiquitin mediated post translational modification is a critical regulatory process involved in diverse cellular pathways including cell death. During ubiquitination, E3 ligases recognize target proteins and determine the topology of ubiquitin chains. Recruitment of E3 ligases to targets proteins under stress conditions including oxidative stress and their implication in cell death have not been systemically explored. In the present study, we characterized the role of TRIM32 as an E3 ligase in regulation of oxidative stress induced cell death. TRIM32 is ubiquitously expressed in cell lines of different origin and form cytoplasmic speckle like structures that transiently interact with mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions. The ectopic expression of TRIM32 sensitizes cell death induced by oxidative stress whereas TRIM32 knockdown shows a protective effect. The turnover of TRIM32 is enhanced during oxidative stress and its expression induces ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and decrease in complex-I activity. The pro-apoptotic effect was rescued by pan-caspase inhibitor or antioxidant treatment. E3 ligase activity of TRIM32 is essential for oxidative stress induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, TRIM32 decreases X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) level and overexpression of XIAP rescued cells from TRIM32 mediated oxidative stress and cell death. Overall, the results of this study provide the first evidence supporting the role of TRIM32 in regulating oxidative stress induced cell death, which has implications in numerous pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegeneration

STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VILAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The aim and objective of this study was to develop and validate Stability Indicating HPLC method for determination of Vilazodone Hydrochloride.Methods: The method was carried out on a Phenomenex, C18 (250x4.6 mm, 5 µm) Column using a mixture of Acetonitrile: Water (50:50v/v), pH adjusted to 3.3 with Glacial Acetic Acid for separation. The flow rate was adjusted at 1 ml/min and Detection was carried out at 240 nm.Results: The retention time of vilazodone hydrochloride was found to be 2.3 min. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range 25-75µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2=0.996). The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 4.78µg/ml and 14.48µg/ml respectively. The % recovery of vilazodone hydrochloride was found to be in the range of 98.21±0.08 % to 99.07±0.64%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of vilazodone hydrochloride in marketed tablet formulation.Vilazodone Hydrochloride was subjected to forced degradation under Acidic, Alkaline, Oxidation, Dry Heat and Photolytic degradation conditions. Vilazodone hydrochloride showed 3.12% degradation under acidic condition, 4.78% under alkaline condition, 7.8% under oxidation condition, 3.53% under dry heat condition and 4.9% under photolytic condition.Acid degradation impurity was identified and characterised by LC-MS/MS was found to be 1-(4-Penten-1-yl) piperazine having molecular weight 154.253 (m/z 155.08) and Molecular Formula C9H18N2.Conclusion: A simple, precise, rapid and accurate Stability Indicating HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of Vilazodone Hydrochloride in presence of its degradation products as per the ICH Guidelines.Â

Role of hypogastric artery ligation in obstetrics and gynaecology: a 20-year study at tertiary care center, Ahmedabad, western India

Background: Hypogastric artery ligation (HAL) was first introduced by the end of the 19th century to control intractable haemorrhage from the uterus of women with advanced cervical cancer. Bilateral HAL is a lifesaving procedure in massive pelvic haemorrhage.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 58 cases in which HAL was performed in the obstetrics and gynecology department at tertiary care center from January 2000 to December 2020. History, operative procedure findings, immediate and late postoperative complications, morbidity and mortality data were collected and reviewed from records.Results: In this study, total of 58 women who underwent HAL s; 53 bilateral and 5 unilateral. Fifty-three women required HAL for obstetric indications, in 5 cases it was required for gynaecological indications. 20 cases (34.5%) underwent bilateral HAL for atonic PPH, 16 cases (27.6%) during obstetric hysterectomy for morbidly adherent placenta, 5 (8.6%) for colporrhexis, 2 (3.4%) for broad ligament hematoma, 1 (1.7%) for colporrhexis and left sided broad ligament hematoma, 2 cases (3.4%) for secondary PPH and 7 cases (12.1%) for the ruptured uterus. In gynecological cases 4 cases (80%) underwent after vaginal hysterectomy to control pelvic haemorrhage and 1 case (20%) underwent HAL after myomectomy.Conclusions: HAL is an important surgical procedure and should be performed to reduce blood loss when conservation of the uterus is desired. It is also useful in controlling haemorrhage after major gynaecological surgeries and secondary hemorrhage following hysterectomy.

Drug utilization pattern of antiseizure drugs and their adverse effects in the pediatric population, in a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college

Background: Epilepsy is “a condition characterized by recurrent (two or more) seizure, unprovoked by any immediate identified cause.” The desired outcome of antiseizure drug (ASD) therapy is to be seizure-free throughout the rest of life. The objective was to study the utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of ASDs in pediatric outpatients in epilepsy clinic.Methods: This cross-sectional, observational and single center study was carried out over a period of 1 year in 430 pediatric patients. Analyzed data included demographic details and drugs prescribed in respective seizure types along with ADRs due to ASDs. Results: In a total 430 patients analyzed, seizure were most commonly observed in boys (69.8%) in 6-10 year of age (45.3%), with a positive family history in (16%), with no specific cause of seizure in (71.6%), with most common type was focal seizure in (62.3%), which was mainly treated with carbamazepine (73.8%). Most common ADR was irritability (32.2%) with Valproate being main drug. 87.3% ADRs were in “ possible” as per World Health Organization causality assessment scale, 94.9% ADRs were “mild” as per Hartwig and Siegel severity assessment scale and 98.3% ADRs were “preventable” as per Schumock and Thornton preventability scale.Conclusion: Focal seizure was most common type of seizure observed mainly in boys of 6-10 year with carbamazepine as mainly prescribed drug. Use of appropriate ASDs in the majority of patients as per guidelines, has decreased number of ADRs in our study. Prescribing drugs were mainly from essential drug list and by generic names

Integrated management of Ramularia blight (Ramularia foeniculi ) in fennel

Ramularia blight, caused by Ramularia foeniculi Sybille’s a highly destructive fennel disease and may cause complete failure of the crop. The use of chemicals especially mancozeb to manage Ramularia blight increases the load of residues in seed and reduces the export and market price. Removal of lower yellow leaves would not only help in reducing the load of Ramularia pathogen but, also increase the aeration in fennel crop. To manage this disease, field trial was conducted for three consecutive kharif seasons (2017-18, 2018-19 &amp; 2019-20) with agronomical practices i.e. removal of lower yellow leaves at different stages and different spraying schedules of chlorothalonil 75WP. Removal of lower yellow leaves at 50 % flowering stage and grain filling stage with two sprays of chlorothalonil 75WP @ 0.15% (20 g/ 10 lit. water) first spray at just appearance of disease and second spray at15 days after first spray was found effective not only in terms of management of disease (10.91 % disease incidence), yield (2078 kg/ha) and quality aspects but also reduced the load of fungicide on seed which promote the export. Thus, limited use (2 sprays) of chlorothalonil with the removal of lower yellow leaves helps to meet out the quality standards for export promotion with respect to residual limits in the said commodity