ANÁLISIS DE MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS PARA DETECTAR HUMEDAD RELATIVA EN SECADORAS DE ROPA: ¿USAR ECUACIONES FAVORECE A UNA BUENA DETECCIÓN DEL SECADO DE ROPA?

Resumen Hay muchos lugares en el mundo donde el clima no favorece al secado tradicional de la ropa (tender la ropa bajo el sol), debido a que es muy lluvioso o polvoso; también, los hogares en general son más pequeños, y no hay espacio para tender la ropa; o simplemente el estilo de vida actual no da tiempo para dejar por horas a tender la ropa que usamos cotidianamente. Esto ha hecho que cada vez más hogares cuenten con máquinas secadoras de ropa. En el presente artículo se discute un análisis de diferentes modelos matemáticos que describan la humedad en secadoras de ropa. Para poder así, seleccionar modelos matemáticos para ser probados, a partir del estudio del estado del arte, se evaluaron modelos matemáticos relacionados a procesos de secado en diferentes aplicaciones. Estos modelos están enfocados a detectar la humedad de diferentes objetos. Entonces, se discuten y analizan las características de cada modelo, sus ventajas y desventajas, y las variables que involucran a cada modelo para detectar si pueden ser implementados, a futuro, en secadoras reales, haciéndolas más eficientes en el uso energético y secado de la ropa.Palabra(s) Clave: Ahorros de energía, Eficiencia de secado, Magnitudes físicas.ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO DETECT RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN CLOTHES DRYERS: DOES USING EQUATIONS FAVOR A GOOD DETECTION OF CLOTHES DRYING?Abstract There are many places in the world where the weather does not favor the traditional drying of clothing, so it is very rainy or dusty; also, households in general are smaller, and there is no space to lay clothes; or simply the nowadays lifestyle does not give time to leave for hours the clothes that we use every day. This has made more and more homes to get clothes dryer machines. In the present article an analysis of different mathematical models that describe the humidity in clothes dryers is discussed. To be able to select mathematical models to be tested, from the study of the state of the art, mathematical models related to drying processes in different applications were evaluated. These models are focused on detecting the humidity of different objects. Then, the characteristics of each model, its advantages and disadvantages, and the variables that involve each model to detect if they can be implemented, in the future, in real dryers, making them more efficient in the energetic use and drying of clothes.Keywords: Drying efficiency, Energy saving, Physical magnitudes

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia

Brain clocks, which quantify discrepancies between brain age and chronological age, hold promise for understanding brain health and disease. However, the impact of diversity (including geographical, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, sex and neurodegeneration) on the brain-age gap is unknown. We analyzed datasets from 5,306 participants across 15 countries (7 Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) and 8 non-LAC countries). Based on higher-order interactions, we developed a brain-age gap deep learning architecture for functional magnetic resonance imaging (2,953) and electroencephalography (2,353). The datasets comprised healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. LAC models evidenced older brain ages (functional magnetic resonance imaging: mean directional error = 5.60, root mean square error (r.m.s.e.) = 11.91; electroencephalography: mean directional error = 5.34, r.m.s.e. = 9.82) associated with frontoposterior networks compared with non-LAC models. Structural socioeconomic inequality, pollution and health disparities were influential predictors of increased brain-age gaps, especially in LAC (R² = 0.37, F² = 0.59, r.m.s.e. = 6.9). An ascending brain-age gap from healthy controls to mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease was found. In LAC, we observed larger brain-age gaps in females in control and Alzheimer disease groups compared with the respective males. The results were not explained by variations in signal quality, demographics or acquisition methods. These findings provide a quantitative framework capturing the diversity of accelerated brain aging.</p

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations

Peer reviewe

Tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para adultos: Una revisión selectiva

Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento científico generado en los últimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión selectiva de los principales tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para el abordaje de trastornos mentales en personas adultas. Método: se recogen niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación en función de los criterios propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud de España (en las Guías de Práctica Clínica) para diferentes trastornos psicológicos. Resultados: los resultados sugieren que los tratamientos psicológicos disponen de apoyo empírico para el abordaje de un amplio elenco de trastornos psicológicos. El grado de apoyo empírico oscila de bajo a alto en función del trastorno psicológico analizado. La revisión sugiere que ciertos campos de intervención necesitan una mayor investigación. Conclusiones: a partir de esta revisión selectiva, los profesionales de la psicología podrán disponer de información rigurosa y actualizada que les permita tomar decisiones informadas a la hora de implementar aquellos procedimientos psicoterapéuticos empíricamente fundamentados en función de las características de las personas que demandan ayuda. Background: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. Method: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. Results: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fields of intervention that need further investigation. Conclusions: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help

Robust Stabilization of Linear Switched Systems with Unstable Subsystems

This paper deals with the robust stability of a class of uncertain switched systems with possibly unstable linear subsystems. In particular, conditions for global uniform exponential stability are presented. In addition, a procedure to design a mode dependent average dwell time switching signal that stabilizes a switched linear system composed of diagonalizable subsystems is established, even if all of them are stable/unstable and time-varying (within design bounds). An illustrative example of the stabilizing switching law design and numerical results are presented

The Rollover Risk in Delta Tricycles: A New Rollover Index and Its Robust Mitigation by Rear Differential Braking

Although there are efforts to electrify and diversify small vehicles, active safety on motorcycles and tricycles (also known as auto rickshaw, tuk-tuk, mototaxi, etc.) has been relegated until a few years ago. For instance, the electric tricycles (even the combustion ones) marketed today do not have an active safety system that prevents or mitigates the risk of rollover, despite how prone they are to such a situation. The concern for the increase in its marketing is latent and, unfortunately, there are very few related studies. In this article, we present the obtaining and validation of a new rollover index for tricycles demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting and detecting the risk, even statically, by means of a simple quantity. In addition, a controller for the mitigation of the risk of rollover is presented which, by means of a Lyapunov type analysis, it is shown to be robust to changes in parameters, such as the center of gravity height, using a polytopic representation of the system and a differential braking strategy on the rear wheels. Numerical simulations, including video simulation captures, of the operation of the rollover mitigation system using widely recognized commercial software, are also presented. This work can be extended to vehicles with a suspension system or for trikes without autocamber

New Four Points Initialization for Digital Image Correlation in Metal-Sheet Strain Measurements

Nowadays, the deformation measurement in metal sheets is important for industries such as the automotive and aerospace industries during its mechanical stamping processes. In this sense, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) has become the most relevant measurement technique in the field of experimental mechanics. This is mainly due to its versatility and low-cost compared with other techniques. However, traditionally, DIC global image registration implemented in software, such as MATLAB 2018, did not find the complete perspective transformation needed successfully and with high precision, because those algorithms use an image registration of the type &#8220;afine&#8222; or &#8220;similarity&#8222;, based on a 2D information. Therefore, in this paper, a DIC initialization method is presented to estimate the surface deformation of metal sheets used in the bodywork automotive industry. The method starts with the 3D points reconstruction from a stereoscopic digital camera system. Due to the problem complexity, it is first proposed that the user indicates four points, belonging to reference marks of a &#8220;Circle grid&#8222;. Following this, an automatic search is performed among the nearby marks, as far as one desires to reconstruct it. After this, the local DIC is used to verify that those are the correct marks. The results show reliability by reason of the high coincidence of marks in experimental cases. We also consider that the quality of mark stamping, lighting, and the initial conditions also contribute to trustworthy effects

Current Status of Optical Systems for Measuring Lycopene Content in Fruits: Review

Optical systems are used for analysing the internal composition and the external properties in food. The measurement of the lycopene content in fruits and vegetables is important because of its benefits to human health. Lycopene prevents cardiovascular diseases, cataracts, cancer, osteoporosis, male infertility, and peritonitis. Among the optical systems focused on the estimation and identification of lycopene molecule are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the colorimeter, infrared near NIR spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the systems of multispectral imaging (MSI) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). The main objective of this paper is to present a review of the current state of optical systems used to measure lycopene in fruits. It also reports important factors to be considered in order to improve the design and implementation of those optical systems. Finally, it was observed that measurements with HPLC and spectrophotometry present the best results but use toxic solvents and require specialized personnel for their use. Moreover, another widely used technique is colorimetry, which correlates the lycopene content using color descriptors, typically those of CIELAB. Likewise, it was identified that spectroscopic techniques and multispectral images are gaining importance because they are fast and non-invasive

Inspection of Semi-Elliptical Defects in a Steel Pipe Using the Metal Magnetic Memory Method

Ferromagnetic pipes are widely used for fluid transportation in various industries. The failure of these ferromagnetic pipes due to surface defects can generate industrial accidents, economic losses, and environmental pollution. Non-destructive testing techniques are required to detect these surface defects. An alternative is the metal magnetic memory (MMM) method, which can be employed to detect surface flaws in ferromagnetic structures. Based on this method, we present an analysis of experimental results of the magnetic field variations around five different surface semi-elliptical defects of an ASTM A36 steel pipe. A measurement system of MMM signals is implemented with a rotatory mechanism, a magnetoresistive sensor, a data processing unit, and a control digital unit. The MMM method does not require expensive equipment or special treatment of the ferromagnetic structures. In order to research a potential relationship between the defect sample size and the measured MMM signals, variable defect dimensions are experimentally considered. According to these results, the shape and magnitude of the normal and tangential MMM signals are altered by the superficial semi-elliptical defects. In particular, the maximum and mean tangential components and the maximum and minimum normal components are related to the defect dimensions. The proposed measurement system can be used to study the behavior of magnetic field variations around surface defects of ferromagnetic pipes. This system can be adapted to measure the position and damage level of small defects on the surface of ferromagnetic pipes