Macroeconomics of the New and the Used Car Markets

The new cars of today are used cars of tomorrow and some people assume a competition between new and used markets. There are numerous, preconceived ideas and academic theories regarding the interactions between primary and secondary markets. To investigate the relations, we provide a macroeconomic analysis of the French, the British and the US car markets. We aim at answering the following questions. What are the interactions between the new and the second-hand car markets? Can we use the interactions to estimate the car prices of tomorrow? Our results indicate that the relations appear limited for France and the UK, whereas the US market faces a Scitovscky mechanism, defined by constant disequilibrium and multiple interactions between primary and secondary markets. Furthermore, they illustrate that the interrelations are not strong enough to fully explain and forecast market patterns.second-hand market, automotive market, prices, causality, cyclical correlations, VAR.

Moss and liverwort epiphytes on trunks of Cyathea delgadii in a fragment of tropical rain forest, São Paulo State, Brazil

This study is a survey of the bryophyte species that occur on the trunks of Cyathea delgadii Sternb. (Cyatheaceae), a native tree fern, encountered in a fragment of Atlantic forest located in the area of the „Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI)“, São Paulo State, Brazil. Specimens of bryophytes were collected from March 2001 to October 2003. We found 35 bryophyte species (12 spp. of mosses and 23 of liverworts). Ceratolejeuenea dentacornuta Steph. is presented as a new record for Brazil. A brief discussion about previous records of bryophyte species growing on trunks of tree ferns in Brazil is also presented

A Generalized Sznajd Model

In the last decade the Sznajd Model has been successfully employed in modeling some properties and scale features of both proportional and majority elections. We propose a new version of the Sznajd model with a generalized bounded confidence rule - a rule that limits the convincing capability of agents and that is essential to allow coexistence of opinions in the stationary state. With an appropriate choice of parameters it can be reduced to previous models. We solved this new model both in a mean-field approach (for an arbitrary number of opinions) and numerically in a Barabasi-Albert network (for three and four opinions), studying the transient and the possible stationary states. We built the phase portrait for the special cases of three and four opinions, defining the attractors and their basins of attraction. Through this analysis, we were able to understand and explain discrepancies between mean-field and simulation results obtained in previous works for the usual Sznajd Model with bounded confidence and three opinions. Both the dynamical system approach and our generalized bounded confidence rule are quite general and we think it can be useful to the understanding of other similar models.Comment: 19 pages with 8 figures. Submitted to Physical Review

Connections between the Sznajd Model with General Confidence Rules and graph theory

The Sznajd model is a sociophysics model, that is used to model opinion propagation and consensus formation in societies. Its main feature is that its rules favour bigger groups of agreeing people. In a previous work, we generalized the bounded confidence rule in order to model biases and prejudices in discrete opinion models. In that work, we applied this modification to the Sznajd model and presented some preliminary results. The present work extends what we did in that paper. We present results linking many of the properties of the mean-field fixed points, with only a few qualitative aspects of the confidence rule (the biases and prejudices modelled), finding an interesting connection with graph theory problems. More precisely, we link the existence of fixed points with the notion of strongly connected graphs and the stability of fixed points with the problem of finding the maximal independent sets of a graph. We present some graph theory concepts, together with examples, and comparisons between the mean-field and simulations in Barab\'asi-Albert networks, followed by the main mathematical ideas and appendices with the rigorous proofs of our claims. We also show that there is no qualitative difference in the mean-field results if we require that a group of size q>2, instead of a pair, of agreeing agents be formed before they attempt to convince other sites (for the mean-field, this would coincide with the q-voter model).Comment: 15 pages, 18 figures. To be submitted to Physical Revie

Semiclassical structure of chaotic resonance eigenfunctions

We study the resonance (or Gamow) eigenstates of open chaotic systems in the semiclassical limit, distinguishing between left and right eigenstates of the non-unitary quantum propagator, and also between short-lived and long-lived states. The long-lived left (right) eigenstates are shown to concentrate as $\hbar\to 0$ on the forward (backward) trapped set of the classical dynamics. The limit of a sequence of eigenstates $\{\psi(\hbar)\}_{\hbar\to 0}$ is found to exhibit a remarkably rich structure in phase space that depends on the corresponding limiting decay rate. These results are illustrated for the open baker map, for which the probability density in position space is observed to have self-similarity properties.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; some minor corrections, some changes in presentatio

Numerical Simulation of III-V Solar Cells Using D-AMPS

Numerical simulation of devices plays a crucial role in their design, performance prediction, and comprehension of the fundamental phenomena ruling their operation. Here, we present results obtained using the code D-AMPS-1D, that was conveniently modified to consider the particularities of III-V solar cell devices. This work, that is a continuation of a previous paper regarding solar cells for space applications, is focused on solar cells structures than find application for terrestrial use under concentrated solar illumination. The devices were fabricated at the Solar Energy Institute of the Technical University of Madrid (UPM). The first simulations results on InGaP cells are presented. The influence of band offsets and band bending at the window-emitter interface on the quantum efficiency was studied. A remarkable match of the experimental quantum efficiency was obtained. Finally, numerical simulation of single junction n-p InGaP-Ge solar cells was performed