Características tecnológicas da cana-de-açúcar sob aplicação de doses de vinhaça em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico

One of the main by-products of the sugar and alcohol industry is the vinasse which is rich in nutrients, especially potassium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the technological characteristics and productivity of sugarcane after application of vinasse doses in the third cut cane. The study was conducted in Rhodic Hapludox sandy clay soil, in Monte Verde plant - Bunge in county Ponta Porã, MS. A randomized block design was used, four vinasse doses (0, 450, 600 and 750 m3 ha-1) with five repetitions were evaluated. sugarcane variety RB 855453 early cycle was used, with line spacing of 1.5 m. The planting of cane occurred in 2008, using conventional tillage. The POL% increased 3.38%, for the °BRIX%, there was an increase of 5.03%, the AR% increased 22%, for the variable FIBER%, there was a 6.7% e the ATR% increased 4.94%, with vinasse doses. For productivity, there was an increase of 4 Mg from the lowest to the highest dose of vinasse. The application of vinasse doses improved the quality of the raw material, except for industry purity. The vinasse doses increased the productivity of sugarcane.Um dos principais subprodutos da indústria sucroalcooleira é a vinhaça a qual é rica em nutrientes, especialmente potássio. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a qualidade tecnológica e produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, após aplicação de doses de vinhaça em cana de terceiro corte. O estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, franco argilo arenoso, na usina monte verde – BUNGE, no município de Ponta Porã, MS. Foi utilizado delineamento de blocos casualizados sendo avaliadas quatro doses de vinhaça (0; 450; 600 e 750 m3 ha-1) com cinco repetições. Foi utilizada a variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB 855453 de ciclo precoce, com espaçamento entre linhas de 1,5 m. O plantio da cana ocorreu no ano de 2008, utilizando preparo convencional do solo. O POL% aumentou 3,38%, para o °BRIX% houve incremento de 5,03%, o AR% aumentou 22%, para a variável FIBRA% houve incremento de 6,7% e o ATR% aumentou 4,94%, com as doses de vinhaça. Para produtividade houve incremento de 4 Mg da menor para maior dose de vinhaça. A aplicação de doses de vinhaça melhorou a qualidade tecnológica, exceto pureza para a indústria. As doses da vinhaça aumentaram a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar

Effect of different levels of foliar fertilization with NPK micronutrients more in the productivity of winter maize in Dourados Region, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação foliar nas características agronômicas de plantas de milho, irrigado por um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), no período de 23 setembro de 2008 a 20 fevereiro de 2009 utilizando-se um fertilizante líquido multinutriente NPK + micronutrientes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com nove doses do fertilizante líquido (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0; 1,25; 1,5; 1,75 e 2,0 L ha-1) e quatro repetições. As plantas de milho foram avaliadas no decorrer do experimento entre os estádios fenológicos R3 à R6 caracterizados pelo estado de grão farináceo e maturação fisiológica respectivamente. As variáveis analisadas foram altura de plantas, altura de inserção das espigas, número de grãos por espiga e produtividade. A adubação foliar proporcionou aumento da altura das plantas de milho, redução da altura de inserção das espigas, aumento do número de grãos por espiga e da produtividade. A dose estimada de 1,15 L ha-1 proporcionou os melhores resultados sobre as variáveis analisadas.The objective was to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilization on the agronomic characteristics of corn plants, irrigated by a system of irrigation by sprinkler. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), from 23 September 2008 to February 20, 2009 using a multinutrient liquid fertilizer NPK plus micronutrients. The experimental design was randomized blocks with nine doses of liquid fertilizer (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 and 2.0 L ha –1) and four replications. The corn plants were evaluated during the experiment between growth stages R3 to R6 characterized by the state of the dough and physiological maturity, respectively. The variables studied were plant height, height of ear insertion, number of grains per ear and yield. The foliar provided to increase the height of corn plants, reducing the height of insertion of the ears, increasing the number of grains per ear and yield. The estimated dose of 1.15 L ha-1 provided the best results on the variables analyzed

Development of sunflower plants under different conditions of water supply<br>Desenvolvimento de plantas de Desenvolvimento de plantas de girassol sob diferentes condições de fornecimento de água

Usually lack or excess of water in the soil are harmful to plant development. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the growth of sunflower plants under different water holding capacity (WHC). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse; we used sunflower plants (Embrapa 122/V-2000) and four treatments: 60%, 80% and 100% of WHC and a in flooding level, in randomized blocks with four replications. Plants were evaluated weekly between stages V6 to R4. We evaluated the plant height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, leaves, stems, shoots and roots dry matter, number of leaves, leaf area, and the relationship between roots and shoot dry matter. The results showed that the sunflower plants had greater height and stem diameter when subjected to higher water availability, however, the greatest plant height did not mean a better development of the sunflower. In water stress the chlorophyll increased content was limited, and in treatments with high water availability, the content initially increased, but decreased in latest assessments. With respect to dry matter of stem, root and leaf, number of leaves and leaf area when under 60% of WHC was verified smaller values. For the root/shoot was observed higher values for treatment 60% of WHC. Thus, the better development of these plants was observed when exposed to 80 and 100% of the WHC. A falta ou excesso de água no solo são prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento das plantas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de plantas de girassol em diferentes capacidades de retenção de água (CRA). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com a variedade de girassol Embrapa 122/V-2000, sob o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (60% CRA, 80% CRA, 100% CRA e condição de alagamento) e quatro repetições. As plantas foram avaliadas semanalmente entre os estádios V6 (caracterizado pela presença de seis folhas com no mínimo 4,0 cm) ao R4 (inicio da florescência). Avaliou-se a altura das plantas, diâmetro de caule, teor de clorofila, matéria seca das folhas, do caule, da parte aérea e das raízes, número de folhas, área foliar, e a relação entre a matéria seca da raiz e da parte aérea. Os resultados mostraram que as plantas de girassol apresentaram maior altura e diâmetro de colmo quando submetidas à maior disponibilidade de água. Nos tratamentos com estresse hídrico o aumento do teor de clorofila foi limitado, e nos tratamentos com maior disponibilidade hídrica o teor inicialmente aumentou, mas, nas últimas avaliações decresceu. Apesar da relação raiz/parte aérea ter apresentado maiores valores para o tratamento 60% da CRA, a área foliar, número de folhas, matéria seca do caule, da raiz, e da folha apresentou menores valores a 60% da CRA. Portanto, o melhor desenvolvimento dessas plantas foi observado quando submetidas a 80 e 100% da CRA

Hydrophysical Quality of an Oxisol and Sugarcane Yield in Chisel Plow-Based Sugarcane Ratoon Management

ABSTRACT Mechanical harvesting has increasingly been used in sugarcane production units, and it has often resulted in reduced structural quality of the soil due to soil compaction caused by machine traffic. Thus, sugarcane ratoon crops have often been chiseled to overcome such a problem. The aim of the current study is to assess some physical properties of a Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico (Rhodic Hapludox) that was chiseled after the third harvest in a sugarcane ratoon crop. The study was conducted in a commercial crop area throughout the 2011/2012 crop year. A randomized block experimental design was used, with five replications. The treatments consisted of five chiseling operations in sugarcane ratoon crops, namely: T1 - single-shank ripper with chiseling to a depth of 0.15 m; T2 - single-shank ripper with chiseling to a depth of 0.30 m; T3 - two-bar ripper with chiseling to a depth of 0.15 m, T4 - two-bar ripper with chiseling to a depth of 0.30 m; and T5 - control group, with no chiseling. Overall, soil chiseling is effective for improving the physical quality of the soil to a depth of 0.15 m, regardless of the equipment and the depth. Two-bar-ripper-based soil chiseling to a depth of 0.30 m provides increased sugarcane yield

Dispersion index of aggregates in a Rhodic Ferrasol cultivated with cane under stillage application

The sugar and alcohol plants generate waste stillage one that needs proper destination. One alternative is the application of this residue to improve soil properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of stillage in the aggregation and productivity of sugar cane grown in three seasons of the soil sampling. The study was conducted in an Red dystrophic Latosol, sandy clay frank, at the BUNGE Monte Verde plant in the municipality of Ponta Porã, MS, Brasil. Cultivated with sugarcane third year. We used the (4x4) factorial design, evaluated 4 applications of stillage (0, 450, 600 and 750 m3 ha-1) and their soil characteristics measured at four depths (0,0-0,5; 0,5-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,40 m) with five repetitions. To determine the rate of dispersion of aggregates (ID) sample were obtained undisturbed soil at 38, 75 and 111 days after application of stillage. With increasing doses of stillage were increased concentrations of potassium and organic matter and reduce the rate of dispersion and increased stability of soil aggregates

Desempenho do milho safrinha irrigado submetido a diferentes doses de nitrogênio via solo e foliar

Visou-se com este trabalho, avaliar, em condições de campo, o efeito da aplicação de nitrogênio nas características agronômicas e produtividade do milho irrigado por pivô central. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos aleatorizados, no esquema fatorial 4x2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação de quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 90, 180 e 360 kg ha-1 de N), via foliar ou convencional por cobertura, parceladas aos 25 e aos 49 dias após a semeadura. A aplicação de N (em ambas as formas) afetou o número de grãos por fileira e por espigas, a massa de 1000 grãos e a produtividade de grãos no milho. Os maiores valores de produtividade foram obtidos com as doses estimadas de 300 kg ha-1 de N na aplicação convencional e 362 kg ha-1 na aplicação via foliar. A dose de 90 kg ha-1 de N, foi a que proporcionou a maior rentabilidade financeira para o cultivo

Structural Quality of a Latosol Cultivated with Oilseed in Succession to Corn

Mechanized operations on soils with inadequate moisture cause compaction and are deleterious to soil quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different oilseed crop successions on the structural quality of a clayey Rhodic Hapludox. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.), and niger (Guizotia abyssinica) were sown in autumn/winter in a no-tillage system in succession to corn grown in the summer and soybean/corn grown in summer/autumn-winter. When the autumn-winter crops began to grow, soil samples were collected in metallic cylinders at 0.0–0.05 m and 0.05–0.10 m depths. Analyses of the optimal water interval in each crop succession at the 0.0–0.05 m layer indicated that the corn/safflower and corn/crambe successions reduced the structural quality of the soil. The autumn-winter niger crop in succession to summer corn improved the soil structure at 0.0–0.05 m and 0.05–0.10 m when compared with the soil cultivated with the soybean/corn succession. The niger crop is an effective crop rotation alternative that improves the physical quality of the soil under no-tillage systems.Las operaciones mecanizadas en suelos con humedad inadecuada causan compactación y son perjudiciales para la calidad del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de diferentes sucesiones de cultivos de semillas oleaginosas sobre la calidad estructural de un hapludo rubio arcilloso. Se sembraron girasol (Helianthus annuus L.), canola (Brassica napus L. y Brassica rapa), cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) Y niger (Guizotia abyssinica) en otoño/invierno Sistema de labranza cero en sucesión al maíz cultivado en verano y soja/maíz cultivado en verano/otoñoinvierno. Cuando comenzaron a crecer los cultivos de otoño-invierno, se recogieron muestras de suelo en cilindros metálicos de 0.0-0.05 m y 0.05-0.10 m de profundidad. Los análisis del intervalo óptimo de agua en cada sucesión de cultivos en la capa 0.0-0.05 m indicaron que las sucesiones de maíz/cártamo y maíz/crambe redujeron la calidad estructural del suelo. La cosecha niger de otoño-invierno en sucesión al maíz de verano mejoró la estructura del suelo a 0.0-0.05 m y 0.05-0.10 m en comparación con el suelo cultivado con la sucesión soja/maíz. El cultivo de níger es una alternativa eficaz de rotación de cultivos que mejora la calidad física del suelo bajo sistemas de labranza cero

Least Limiting Water Range and Load Bearing Capacity of Soil under Types of Tractor-Trailers for Mechanical Harvesting of Green Sugarcane

ABSTRACT The expansion of the sugarcane industry in Brazil has intensified the mechanization of agriculture and caused effects on the soil physical quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the limiting water range and soil bearing capacity of a Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico (Rhodic Hapludox) under the influence of different tractor-trailers used in mechanical sugarcane harvesting. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments consisted of green sugarcane harvesting with: harvester without trailer (T1); harvester with two trailers with a capacity of 10 Mg each (T2); harvester with trailer with a capacity of 20 Mg (T3) and harvester and truck with trailer with a capacity of 20 Mg (10 Mg per compartment) (T4). The least limiting water range and soil bearing capacity were evaluated. The transport equipment to remove the harvested sugarcane from the field (trailer) at harvest decreased the least limiting water range, reducing the structural soil quality. The truck trailer caused the greatest impact on the soil physical properties studied. The soil load bearing capacity was unaffected by the treatments, since the pressure of the harvester (T1) exceeded the pre-consolidation pressure of the soil