Mixed norm estimates for the Riesz transforms associated to Dunkl harmonic oscillators

In this paper we study weighted mixed norm estimates for Riesz transforms associated to Dunkl harmonic oscillators. The idea is to show that the required inequalities are equivalent to certain vector valued inequalities for operator defined in terms of Laguerre expansions. In certain cases the main result can be deduced from the corresponding result for Hermite Riesz transforms.Comment: 25 page

Diagonal Based Feature Extraction for Handwritten Alphabets Recognition System using Neural Network

An off-line handwritten alphabetical character recognition system using multilayer feed forward neural network is described in the paper. A new method, called, diagonal based feature extraction is introduced for extracting the features of the handwritten alphabets. Fifty data sets, each containing 26 alphabets written by various people, are used for training the neural network and 570 different handwritten alphabetical characters are used for testing. The proposed recognition system performs quite well yielding higher levels of recognition accuracy compared to the systems employing the conventional horizontal and vertical methods of feature extraction. This system will be suitable for converting handwritten documents into structural text form and recognizing handwritten names

Trade liberalization, fiscal adjustment, and exchange rate policy in India

The authors investigate the impact of India's program of economic stabilization and trade liberalization launched in 1991, a year when the country was in the throes of a foreign exchange crisis. The authors address a key policy tradeoff between trade liberalization and fiscal adjustment arising from India's heavy dependence on tariffs for public revenues. They give quantitative expression to how trade liberalization should be coordinated both with fiscal adjustment - that is, a combination of trade-neutral tax increases and expenditure reduction and with a policy of exchange rate changes to restore both internal and external equilibrium. This paper asks: What is the impact of a reduction in the fiscal deficit characteristic of stabilization programs on tax and expenditure levels, on the real exchange rate, and the current account deficit? What is the effect of a significant trade liberalization without additional external financing on macroeconomic variables such as the required degree of fiscal adjustment and change in the real exchange rate, and, at a more disaggregated level, on output levels in different export-oriented and import-substituting sectors of the economy? What would the impact of such trade liberalization look like should substantive external financing become available without the need for domestic fiscal adjustment? The questions are explored using a general equilibrium model of the Indian economy that focuses on the consequences of trade policy reform. Policymakers are, however, also interested in how various import-substituting industries would be adversely affected by trade liberalization and how particular export-oriented industries would gain from it. These objectives are reconciled by the innovative expedient of implementing two models on a common data base: 1) a disaggregated 72-sector (price sensitive) input-output version that makes simplified assumptions regarding certain economywide relationships; and 2) an aggregated 6-sector version that pays attention to those relationships and can suggest what corrections ought to be made to the results of the sectorally disaggregated analysis. The policy questions were answered for the eve of the 1991 economic reform program launched by India's policymakers. Developments in the principal macroeconomic aggregates in the first two years of the liberalization process were then compared with the outcomes of the model and generally found to correspond closely. This finding encouraged an updating of the model for fiscal 1992-93 and its deployment to analyze the consequences of a set of further economic reforms for subsequent years. The authors conclude by suggesting that the approach developed for this paper could provide broad indications of the economywide and sectoral consequences of pursuing the unfinished agenda of reforms facing policymakers not only in India but in other developing countries as well.Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Consumption,EnvironmentalEconomics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Economic Stabilization,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Consumption

Allele-specific primer based identification of dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops cultivated over 200 mha in the range of environment throughout the world. Wheat production must continue to increase by 2% annually, more particularly in developing world including south-east Asia. Besides increasing the inherent productivity of wheat, it is important to minimize the losses caused to production by various abiotic and biotic factors. Alpha–amylase inhibitors are attractive candidates for the control of seed weevils as these insects are highly dependent on starch as the energy source. They play an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism of many heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. In this study, we aimed to make sequence comparison and phylogenetic relationship among dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes. These genes were clustered into two major groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Multiple alignments show at least 24 candidates single nucleotide polymorphisms in inhibitor genes, which could further be exploited for SNPs based haplotype diversity among Indian released wheat genotype. We have detected dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes in cultivated and wild ancestors of wheat using genome specific primers. Genes encoding dimeric alpha-amylase belong to the family of 24 kDa alpha-amylase inhibitors. In this study, specific primer pairs were designed based on SNPs of these genes and chromosome locations of inhibitor genes confirmed by amplification in accession of T. urartu, A. tauschii, and A. speltoides. Results obtained under this study support that inhibitor genes amplified with primer PSWDAIAF1/PSWDAIAF2 and PSWDAIBF1/PSWDAIBF2 is present on genome B. These results further support evidence at molecular level that dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor in cultivated wheat is encoded by a multigene family.

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