Invitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Ficus religiosa L. and Ficus bengalensis L. against Diarrhoeal Enterotoxigenic E. coli

The barks of Ficus religiosa L. and Ficus bengalensis L., which belongs to family Moraceae, were investigated for invitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis. The various solvents extract like aqueous, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and hexane were screened for antibacterial activity against Enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated from diarrhoeal patients. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanol extracts of both the plants showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, aminoacids, steroids, saponins and tannins. The extracts were subjected for antibacterial activity against Enterotoxignic E.coli (ETEC) at 200mg/ml concentration by disc diffusion method. The results of antibacterial activity revealed that methanol extracts of both the plants barks exhibits good activity compared to chloroform and aqueous extracts. Petroleum ether and hexane extracts did not show any activity. The antibacterial activities of extracts were compared with standard antibiotics

Synthesis and characterization of Ru(II) complexes with polyfunctional quinazo line-(3H)-4-ones

1066-1069A few Ru(II) complexes of the type Ru (O – N - O)2 with tridentate O – N - O donors and of the type RuCl2(O-N)2 with bidentate O - O and O – N donors have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of analytical, conductivity, thermal, magnetic, IR, electronic and PMR spectral data. The IR and PMR spectral data of the metalcomplexes indicate that the ligands like 2-methyl/phenyl-3- (2'-hydroxybenzalamino) quinazoline-(3H)-4-one (MHBQ/ PHBQ) act as uninegative tridentate, 2-methyl/phenyl- 3-(carboxymethyl) quinazoline-(3H)-4-one (MCMQ/PCMQ) as uninegative bidentate and 2-methyl/phenyl-3-(furfuralamino) quinazoline-(3H)-4-one (MFQ/PFQ), 2-methyl/phenyl-3-(acetamino) quinazoline-(3H)-4-one (MAQ/PAQ), 2-methyl/phenyl 3-(uramino) quinazoline- (3H)-4-one (MUQ/PUQ) and 2-methyl/phenyl-3- thiouramino)quinazoline-(3H)-4-one-(MTUQ/PTUQ) as neutral bidentate ligands.The electronic spectral data of the complexes indicate that the arrangement around Ru(II) is octahedral

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Coriander sativum Against Infectious Diarrhea

The preliminary phytochemical study and invitro antimicrobial activity of Coriander sativum (Apiaceae) was investigated against some pathogens isolated from patients with infectious diarrhea. The various solvents extract like aqueous, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and hexane were screened for antimicrobial activity against Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enteropathogenic E.coli,, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella entertidis, Shigella dysentriae, Shigella flexineri, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei isolated from diarrhoeal patients. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanol extracts of the plant showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, aminoacids, steroids, sterols, saponins and tannins. The extracts were subjected for antimicrobial activity against at 200mg/ml concentration by disc diffusion method. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that methanol extract of the plant exhibit good activity compared to chloroform and aqueous extracts to E.coli, Salmonella sp and Shigella sp. Petroleum ether and hexane extracts did not show any activity. None of extracts exhibits antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were compared with standard antibiotics

A MOBILE-BASED FRAMEWORK TO HELP THE FARMERS IN CONTROLLING THE FIELDS PARAMETERS

Farming environments are complex systems where significant alterations in one ecological factor might have a bad impact on another. Ecological factors can impact survival and growth, particularly in relation to germination, sprouting, flowering and fruit development. Cellular devices (particularly smart tablets and phones) may be used to monitor quality of existence parameters. Today cellular devices use embedded sensors for example accelerometers, compasses, GPSs, microphones, and cameras without thinking about, for instance, the quality of air or even the pollutants from the atmosphere. This paper is definitely the possible ways to make use of the Smartphone’s abilities to collect data using their company phones or sensors. The atmosphere condition’s parameters for example humidity and temperature ought to be monitored. This time could be acquired by utilizing distributed devices in numerous environments that that contains high-resolution sensors along with a wireless transmission apparatus for transferring data to Smartphone’s. The Bluetooth was selected like a transmission tool as it is baked into all Smartphone’s

Acoustical-Mode-Driven Electron-Phonon Coupling in Transition-Metal Diborides

We show that the electron-phonon coupling in the transition-metal diborides NbB2 and TaB2 is dominated by the longitudinal acoustical (LA) mode, in contrast to the optical E_{2g} mode dominated coupling in MgB2. Our ab initio results, described in terms of phonon dispersion, linewidth, and partial electron-phonon coupling along Gamma to A, also show that (i) NbB2 and TaB2 have a relatively weak electron-phonon coupling, (ii) the E_{2g} linewidth is an order of magnitude larger in MgB2 than in NbB2 or TaB2, (iii) the E_{2g} frequency in NbB2 and TaB2 is considerably higher than in MgB2, and (iv) the LA frequency at A for TaB2 is almost half of that of MgB2 or NbB2.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, and 1 tabl

Analysis of lead and arsenic in cosmetics and assessment of students awareness about cosmetic toxicity

Background: Many people believe that all cosmetics are safe but there are number of studies proving that majority of the cosmetics contains heavy metals or other chemicals. In this study we selected two heavy metals arsenic and lead because as per the Indian scenario is concerned most of the Hindu and Muslim females uses lead/arsenic based cosmetics.Methods: For the qualitative/quantitative estimation to detect heavy metals such as arsenic and lead in cosmetics, 20 different types of cosmetics were purchased from local market, labelled and analysed by qualitative test for heavy metals method and ICP-AES Analysis of cosmetics method.Results: A questionnaire was framed out in English and analysis showed that students had an adverse effect while using cosmetic products. Preliminary analysis of some samples gave positive results and for confirmation these samples were sent to IIT Bombay for ICP-AES analysis. Some of the samples showed variable level of heavy metals such as lead and arsenic. Highest concentration of lead and arsenic was found in Surma followed by Sindoor, lip balm and Kajal.Conclusions: Heavy metals are one of the major contaminant in our eco system. Apart from this a number of cosmetic products also contain the same. Chronic use of this kind of cosmetic products will leads heavy metal toxicity

Significance of APTT as early predictor of bleeding in comparison to thrombocytopenia in dengue virus infection

Background: Dengue is a systemic viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus. Dengue Fever (DF) is characterized by fever, headache, muscle or joint pain, and rash. The spectrum of dengue virus infection spreads from an undifferentiated fever and dengue fever (DF) to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) with shock. Factors responsible for bleeding manifestations in dengue are vasculopathy, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Coagulopathy results in derangement of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) which is an indicator of impending bleeding risk.Methods: A prospective study was conducted from June to December in 2017 in R L Jalappa Hospital. Patients aged above 18 years with febrile thrombocytopenia who are positive for dengue virus serology (NS1Ag and/ or IgM) were included in the study. Serial daily monitoring of platelet count and analysis of APTT levels were done. APTT was considered abnormal if it was more than 33.8s. Patients were followed up for evidence of leaking and bleeding manifestations.Results: Out of 170 patients 28.1% patients had bleeding manifestations. Bleeding signs were seen on clinical examination in 52.37% of patients. capillary leak was found in the form of Pleural effusion in 35.3%, Ascites in 41.2% and Periorbital edema in 31.2% of patients. Elevated APTT levels were seen in 110(64.7%) patients. Among patients with abnormal APTT platelet transfusion was done in 78.9% of patients, and among those with normal APTT levels platelet transfusion was done in 21.1% of patients.Conclusions: Our study showed significant correlation between bleeding manifestations and prolonged APTT levels as well as thrombocytopenia with abnormal APTT levels. Study concluded that 21.1% of platelet transfusions could have been prevented considering prolonged APTT as a predictor of bleeding manifestation, thus saving the resources and reactions due to platelet concentrate transfusion

Assessment of genetic diversity in Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea using ISSR and RAPD markers

BACKGROUND: Various species of genus Trigonella are important from medical and culinary aspect. Among these, Trigonella foenum-graecum is commonly grown as a vegetable. This anti-diabetic herb can lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Another species, Trigonella caerulea is used as food in the form of young seedlings. This herb is also used in cheese making. However, little is known about the genetic variation present in these species. In this report we describe the use of ISSR and RAPD markers to study genetic diversity in both, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea. RESULTS: Seventeen accessions of Trigonella foenum-graecum and nine accessions of Trigonella caerulea representing various countries were analyzed using ISSR and RAPD markers. Genetic diversity parameters (average number of alleles per polymorphic locus, percent polymorphism, average heterozygosity and marker index) were calculated for ISSR, RAPD and ISSR+RAPD approaches in both the species. Dendrograms were constructed using UPGMA algorithm based on the similarity index values for both Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea. The UPGMA analysis showed that plants from different geographical regions were distributed in different groups in both the species. In Trigonella foenum-graecum accessions from Pakistan and Afghanistan were grouped together in one cluster but accessions from India and Nepal were grouped together in another cluster. However, in both the species accessions from Turkey did not group together and fell in different clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Based on genetic similarity indices, higher diversity was observed in Trigonella caerulea as compared to Trigonella foenum-graecum. The genetic similarity matrices generated by ISSR and RAPD markers in both species were highly correlated (r = 0.78 at p = 0.001 for Trigonella foenum-graecum and r = 0.98 at p = 0.001 for Trigonella caerulea) indicating congruence between these two systems. Implications of these observations in the analysis of genetic diversity and in supporting the possible Center of Origin and/or Diversity for Trigonella are discussed

Tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus bidirectional screening at a tertiary care centre, South India

Supported by the TB Union/MSF Course on Operational Researc

Optical detection of structural properties of tumor tissues generated by xenografting of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells using partial wave spectroscopy (PWS)

The quantitative measurement of structural alterations at the nanoscale level is important for understanding the physical state of biological samples. Studies have shown that the progression of cancer is associated with the rearrangements of building blocks of cells/tissues such as DNA, RNA, lipids, etc. Partial wave spectroscopy is a recently developed mesoscopic physics-based spectroscopic imaging technique which can detect such nanoscale changes in cells/tissues. At present, chemotherapy drug treatment is the only effective form of treatment; however, the development of drug-resistant cancer cells is a major challenge for this treatment. Earlier PWS analyses of prostate cancer cells, a 2D structure, have shown that drug-resistant cancer cells have a higher degree of structural disorder compared to drug-sensitive cancer cells. At the same time, structural properties of the metastasize tumor grown to 3D structure from drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cancer cells within the body is not well studied. In this paper, the structural properties of tissues from grown 3D tumors, generated from docetaxel drug-sensitive and drug-resistant prostate cancer cells xenografted into a mouse model, are studied. The results show that xenografted tumor tissues from drug-resistant cells have higher disorder strength than the tumor generated from drug-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Potential applications of the technique to assess chemotherapy effectiveness in cancer treatment are discussed.Comment: 5 figures, 13 page