Priority directions the reforming transport infrastructure of Ukraine

У статті розглядаються питання перетворення транспортної інфраструктури в контексті програми економічних реформ на 2011-2014 роки

Principles of formation economic relations in process of creating a priority transport and technological systems

У статті проаналізовано основні тенденції в розвитку транспортно-технологічних систем, виявлено пріоритетні для України напрямки розвитку та надано ряд заходів щодо адаптації українських елементів транспортної системи до сучасних вимог

Conforming to mobile composition transport enterprises of Ukraine international standards

В статті розглядаються питання відповідності рухомого складу транспортних підприємств (за видами транспорту) міжнародним стандартам з метою створення злагодженої і сучасної транспортної системи

Item condition of the autonomic nervous system in patients with hypertension stage II low additional cardiovascular risk depending on the status of smokers

Beckground. This century is characterized by steady growth in the number of patients who have cardiac pathology combined with other factors, aggravating the disease and prognosis. High prevalence of smoking among young patients with hypertension. Research devoted to the study of influence of risk factors , including smoking, on the structural and geometric and functional changes of the heart is not enough. Aim. Explore the contribution of modifiable risk factors for smoking in a pathological process of structural and geometrical and functional restructuring infarction in hypertensive patients. Material and methods. Examined by transthoracic echocardiography 100 patients (30 smokers and 70 non-smokers) with essential hypertension stage II, 53 men and 47 women. Group of patients matched for age, sex, body mass index, level of fasting glucose, value "office" SBP, DBP, PAP, mean arterial pressure, heart rate. For data analysis methods of parametric (t-test for dependent and independent variables, ANOVA ANOVA) and nonparametric (Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, Mann-Whitney U test) statistics. Differences considered statistically significant at a value of p<0,05. Results. Hypertensive patients who had smoking status, revealed significantly larger left atrial diastolic by 8.1 % (p = 0.014), systolic 10.8% (p = 0.026), the prevalence of thickness PWLVs 6.1% ( p = 0.028), the thickness IVSd 11.6 % (p = 0.004) , the thickness PWLVs 10.7 % (p = 0.034 ) LVMI 12.2% (p = 0.034) and diastolic intramyocardial stresses 13.9 % (p = 0.025 ), lengthening of the period of isometric relaxation by 33.3 % (p = 0.026 ) compared with those in non-smoking hypertensive patients. Conclusion. Modulatory effect of smoking on the pathological processes of cardiac remodeling in hypertensive patients manifested by an increase in systolic and diastolic dimensions of the left atrium, wall thickness and left ventricular mass, without an extension of the heart cavities, with an increase in diastolic left ventricular intramyocardial stresses. Restructuring in hypertensive heart under the influence of smoking creates the conditions for changes in diastolic filling of the left ventricle, with a reduction in active relaxation, increase in the contribution of late filling and prolongation of isometric relaxation

Особливості інтра- та екстракраніального кровотоку у хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу II стадії залежно від статусу курця

 Today diseases of the cardiovascular system are called the problem number 1in the world, including Ukraine. Every year more than 500 thousand Ukrainians dye from CVDs, i.e. 1370 people on average dye every day. Smoking is one of the most serious threats to health, especially with regard to cardiovascular disease. Every year, smoking kills more than 1.2 million people in Europe (of which 450 thousand - due to cardiovascular diseases) and about 650 thousand people of the EU countries (including from cardiovascular problems - 185 thousand). Analysis of the literature suggests paucity and contradictory information about changes in the functional status of the various systems of the body while smoking.The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with hypertension stage II depending on smoking status.Material and methods. We examined 100 patients with essential hypertension stage II low additional cardiovascular risk, 53 men and 47 women. Depending on the smoking status (at least 10 years), all patients were divided into 2 groups: a group of smokers included 30 patients, in the group of non-smokers there were 70 patients. To assess cerebral hemodynamic Doppler ultrasound and duplex scanning methods were used. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the software package Statistica 6.0 («Statsoft», USA, № license AXXR712D833214FAN5).Results and discussion. Analysis of the data shows the predominance of authentic vascular resistance index in the right CCA by 3.3% (p = 0.033), in the right MCA by 8.5% (p = 0.05), in the left MCA by 7.1% (p = 0.042) in hypertensive patients with smoking status, compared with non-smoking hypertensive patients. In smokers with hypertension statistically significant increasing of the indicator "reserve vasoconstriction" by 4.63 times (p = 0.029) in the left ICA and by 3.01 times (p = 0.031) in the right ICA was also found compared with data rates in nonsmokers hypertensive patients.The results of our studies in hypertensive patients revealed the following gender differences. Significant predominance of resistance index in the right ICA by 10.8%, the maximum linear velocity of blood flow in the left ICA by 22.0% was obtained in female smokers compared with male smokers. At the same time, in women-smokers lower values of systolic and diastolic index in the right CCA by 8.7% and resistance index in the left MCA by 4.9% than in male smokers were observed.Conclusions:Disorders of cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients with smoking status compared with hypertensive nonsmokers were characterized by more pronounced carotid artery spasm.In hypertensive patients with smoking status most sensitive Doppler indicators of the great neck and head arteries are Pourcel resistance indices in the common carotid and middle cerebral arteries, as well as indicators of cerebrovascular reactivity in the internal carotid artery.Gender differences of Doppler indices of the great neck and head arteries in hypertensive patients with smoking status were characterized by: higher vascular resistance in the common and internal carotid arteries in women and in the middle cerebral arteries in men, possibly due to spasm of the arteries under the influence of tobacco smoke. Курение представляет собой одну из самых серьезных угроз для здоровья, прежде всего, в отношении кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. С целью анализа особенностей состояния мозгового кровотока у больных гипертонической болезнью ІІ стадии в зависимости от статуса курильщика обследовали 100 пациентов. С помощью дуплексного сканирования внутренних сонных артерий, ультразвуковой допплерографии позвоночных артерий, транскраниальной допплерографии средних мозговых артерий с цветным картированием изучили показатели, характеризующие мозговую гемодинамику. Установлен более выраженный спазм артерий каротидного бассейна у курящих пациентов. Полученные данные у больных гипертонической болезнью свидетельствуют о более высоком сосудистом сопротивлении в общих и внутренних сонных артериях у женщин-курильщиц, а в средних мозговых артериях – у курящих мужчин.Тютюнопаління – одна з найсерйозніших загроз для здоров’я передусім щодо кардіоваскулярних захворювань. З метою аналізу особливостей стану мозкового кровотоку у хворих на гіпертонію II стадії залежно від статусу курця обстежили 100 пацієнтів. За допомогою дуплексного сканування внутрішніх сонних артерій, ультразвукової допплерографії хребцевої артерії, транскраніальної допплерографії середніх мозкових артерій із кольоровим квартируванням вивчали показники, що характеризують мозкову гемодинаміку. Встановлено більш виражений спазм артерій каротидного басейну в пацієнтів-курців. Дані, що отримали у хворих на гіпертонію, свідчать про вищий судинний опір у загальних і внутрішніх сонних артеріях у жінок-курців, а в середніх мозкових артеріях – у чоловіків-курців

Features of intra- and extra-cranial blood fl ow in patients with essential hypertension stage II according

Abstract Today diseases of the cardiovascular system are called the problem number 1in the world, including Ukraine. Every year more than 500 thousand Ukrainians dye from CVDs, i.e. 1370 people on average dye every day. Smoking is one of the most serious threats to health, especially with regard to cardiovascular disease. Every year, smoking kills more than 1.2 million people in Europe (of which 450 thousand - due to cardiovascular diseases) and about 650 thousand people of the EU countries (including from cardiovascular problems - 185 thousand). Analysis of the literature suggests paucity and contradictory information about changes in the functional status of the various systems of the body while smoking. The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with hypertension stage II depending on smoking status. Material and methods. We examined 100 patients with essential hypertension stage II low additional cardiovascular risk, 53 men and 47 women. Depending on the smoking status (at least 10 years), all patients were divided into 2 groups: a group of smokers included 30 patients, in the group of non-smokers there were 70 patients. To assess cerebral hemodynamic Doppler ultrasound and duplex scanning methods were used. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the software package Statistica 6.0 («Statsoft», USA, № license AXXR712D833214FAN5). Results and discussion. Analysis of the data shows the predominance of authentic vascular resistance index in the right CCA by 3.3% (p = 0.033), in the right MCA by 8.5% (p = 0.05), in the left MCA by 7.1% (p = 0.042) in hypertensive patients with smoking status, compared with non-smoking hypertensive patients. In smokers with hypertension statistically significant increasing of the indicator "reserve vasoconstriction" by 4.63 times (p = 0.029) in the left ICA and by 3.01 times (p = 0.031) in the right ICA was also found compared with data rates in nonsmokers hypertensive patients. The results of our studies in hypertensive patients revealed the following gender differences. Significant predominance of resistance index in the right ICA by 10.8%, the maximum linear velocity of blood flow in the left ICA by 22.0% was obtained in female smokers compared with male smokers. At the same time, in women-smokers lower values of systolic and diastolic index in the right CCA by 8.7% and resistance index in the left MCA by 4.9% than in male smokers were observed. Conclusions: Disorders of cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients with smoking status compared with hypertensive nonsmokers were characterized by more pronounced carotid artery spasm. In hypertensive patients with smoking status most sensitive Doppler indicators of the great neck and head arteries are Pourcel resistance indices in the common carotid and middle cerebral arteries, as well as indicators of cerebrovascular reactivity in the internal carotid artery. Gender differences of Doppler indices of the great neck and head arteries in hypertensive patients with smoking status were characterized by: higher vascular resistance in the common and internal carotid arteries in women and in the middle cerebral arteries in men, possibly due to spasm of the arteries under the influence of tobacco smoke