Lietuvos vaikų naudojimosi internetu 2010 ir 2018 metais ypatumų palyginimas

The accessibility of the internet and the availability of online services in Lithuania are steadily increasing; the demand for some services is almost twice the EU average and is growing every year. In the context of Europe, Lithuania is among the countries with high internet use, which increases the risk and threat to children through the internet. In a study conducted by the EU Kids Online II in 2010, it was found that Lithuanian children lack the skills of safe use of internet, while parents lack the knowledge and ability to ensure the safe use of internet by their children. The purpose of this article is to identify how children’s threats and the involvement of parents in ensuring the safe use of internet by their children are changing as the access to information technology and the internet grows. During a survey conducted in 2018, 1 012 children aged 9 to 17 years and one of each of their parents were interviewed. These data were compared to the data from 2010 survey, when 1 004 online users aged 9 to 16 years and one of each of their parents were interviewed. The results revealed that in 2018, children and their parents spend more time on the internet. Children spend 4–5 hours on the internet every day and it is approximately one hour longer than in 2010. Children use a variety of devices to connect to the internet and use the internet to perform various activities, especially the sharing of pictures, watching videos and playing games on the internet, and more often use social networks sites. The most popular social network is Facebook. In the current year, children are less likely to share their personal information, communicate less with strangers, but children experience more abusive behavior from others online and have more access to sexual content in 2018 than in previous years. Parents report less negative experience and technical threats, such as the use of a child’s personal information or device infection with a virus, regarding their children spending their time on the internet. The data suggests that parents nowadays seldom are in the same room with the child while he/she is on the internet, but parents talk with children on safety issues, encourage them and are interested in their activities on the internet more often than in previous years.Interneto pasiekiamumas ir interneto paslaugų prieinamumas Lietuvoje ir kitose šalyse nuolat didėja. Vaikai ir paaugliai naudotis internetu gali nuolat ir būdami bet kurioje vietoje, o tai susiję su didesne galimybe patirti tam tikras grėsmes. 2010 m. atliktame tyrime „ES vaikai internete II“ buvo nustatyta, kad Lietuvos vaikams trūksta saugaus naudojimosi internetu įgūdžių, o tėvams – žinių bei gebėjimų užtikrinti saugų vaikų naudojimąsi internetu. Kyla klausimas, ar, pasikeitus technologijoms, jų spartai, keičiasi vaikų veikla internete ir jos dažnumas; kaip kinta vaikų patiriamos grėsmės, rizikos supratimas ir tėvų įsitraukimas užtikrinant saugų savo vaikų naudojimąsi internetu pasikeitus laikams. Tyrimo metu 2018 m. apklausta 1 012 vaikų nuo 9 iki 17 metų ir vienas iš jų tėvų. Šie duomenys palyginti su 2010 m. apklausos rezultatais, kai buvo apklausti 1 004 internetu besinaudojantys 9–16 metų vaikai ir vienas iš jų tėvų. Rezultatai atskleidė, kad 2018 m. vaikai ir jų tėvai praleidžia daugiau laiko internete. Vaikai prie interneto jungiasi įvairesniais įrenginiais ir naudoja internetą įvairioms veikloms atlikti, dažniau naudojasi socialiniais tinklais. 2018 m. vaikai mažiau dalijasi savo asmenine informacija, mažiau bendrauja su nepažįstamais asmenimis, tačiau yra dažniau užgauliojami, turi didesnį priėjimą prie seksualinio turinio informacijos, palyginti su 2010 m. Šiais metais tėvai rečiau būna su vaiku viename kambaryje šiam naudojantis internetu, tačiau dažniau kalba su vaikais, skatina juos savarankiškai tyrinėti ir stebi vaikų veiklą internete

Lietuviškas SDQ – standartizuotas mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų „Galių ir sunkumų klausimynas“

Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) developed by R. Goodman (1997) has been widely used in epidemiological studies throughout the world as a screening measure for mental health in children and adolescents. The SDQ comprises 25 items plus supplement on impact of the difficulties for the child and family. There are 5 subscales: Prosocial behaviour, Hyperactivity, Emotional symptoms, Conduct problems and Peers problems, the last four adding up to the Total Difficulties score. The design of the SDQ with both strength’ and difficulties’ items supposedly increases acceptability of the instrument on behalf of informants and make questionnaire especially suitable for studies of general population were the majority of children are healthy. Three SDQ versions (parent, teacher and self-report) were translated into Lithuanian language and psychometric properties of those Lithuanian SDQ versions are presented and analysed in this article. Representative sample of children aged 7–16 years (n = 2626) was randomly selected from 14 big town, 9 town and 20 country schools. 2447 parent versions, 2613 teacher versions and 1612 self-report versions were completed. SDQ self-report version was administered only to 11–16 year olds. Data analysis based on method of internal consistency, item inter- and intra-scale correlation, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, comparison of data in clinical and non-clinical groups (62 children) and inter-rater correlations showed adequate psychometric properties of the Lithuanian SDQ. Cronbach’s alpha for the total difficulties score was in three informant reports 0.72–0.85, while the range in different subscales was 0.34–0.86. As raters, the teachers had the best internal consistency. The lowest level of alpha was in self-report version. Correlation analysis confirmed the postulated structure of the SDQ in all three versions, while the results of factor analysis had some exceptions to it. Lithuanian cut-off points were similar of those found in British sample. Applying Cohen’s criteria for the effect size between British and Lithuanian samples all the SDQ subscales felt in a low area except prosocial behaviour, emotional symptoms and total difficulties subscales in parents reports and prosocial subscale in self-report which felt in the moderate area. The present study gives further evidence of usefulness of the Lithuanian SDQ as screening instrument for research and clinical purposes.R. Goodmano (1997) sukurtas SDQ (Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire, toliau Galių ir sunkumų klausimynas) plačiai taikomas pasaulyje vaikų emocinių simptomų, elgesio problemų, hiperaktyvumo, santykių su bendraamžiais problemų ir socialumo formalizuotai atrankai, išverstas į daugelį pasaulio kalbų. Šiame tyrime pristatome lietuviškų SDQ tėvų, mokytojų ir vaikų versijų psichometrines charakteristikas, remdamiesi 2003 metais atlikto reprezentacinės 7–16 metų Lietuvos vaikų imties (n = 2626) tyrimo rezultatais. Duomenų analizė taikant vidinio suderinamumo metodą, koreliacinę ir faktorių analizę bei klinikinės ir neklinikinės grupės rezultatų palyginimą parodė pakankamą visų trijų lietuviškų versijų patikimumą ir validumą: nustatyta, kad geriausios psichometrinės charakteristikos yra mokytojų versijos, o prasčiausios – vaikų versijos. Lietuviškųjų SDQ versijų ribos įverčiai panašūs į britų. Skiriasi tik britų ir lietuvių tėvų atsakymai apie vaikų emocinius simptomus ir bendrus sunkumus bei socialų elgesį. Pastarąjį skirtumą patvirtina ir pačių vaikų atsakymai. Straipsnyje pristatomi rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad lietuviškas SDQ versijas galima naudoti psichologiniam įvertinimui mokslinio tyrimo ir formalizuotos atrankos tikslais

Adverse childhood experiences, childhood relationships and associated substance use and mental health in young Europeans

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can increase risks of health-harming behaviours and poor health throughout life. While increases in risk may be affected by resilience resources such as supportive childhood relationships, to date few studies have explored these effects. Methods: We combined data from cross-sectional ACE studies among young adults (n = 14 661) in educational institutions in 10 European countries. Nine ACE types, childhood relationships and six health outcomes (early alcohol initiation, problem alcohol use, smoking, drug use, therapy, suicide attempt) were explored. Multivariate modelling estimated relationships between ACE counts, supportive childhood relationships and health outcomes. Results: Almost half (46.2%) of participants reported >= 1 ACE and 5.6% reported >= 4 ACEs. Risks of all outcomes increased with ACE count. In individuals with >= 4 ACEs (vs. 0 ACEs), adjusted odds ratios ranged from 2.01 (95% CIs: 1.70-2.38) for smoking to 17.68 (95% CIs: 12.93-24.17) for suicide attempt. Supportive childhood relationships were independently associated with moderating risks of smoking, problem alcohol use, therapy and suicide attempt. In those with >= 4 ACEs, adjusted proportions reporting suicide attempt reduced from 23% with low supportive childhood relationships to 13% with higher support. Equivalent reductions were 25% to 20% for therapy, 23% to 17% for problem drinking and 34% to 32% for smoking. Conclusions: ACEs are strongly associated with substance use and mental illness. Harmful relationships are moderated by resilience factors such as supportive childhood relationships. Whilst ACEs continue to affect many children, better prevention measures and interventions that enhance resilience to the life-long impacts of toxic childhood stress are required

Poverty as a risk factor of mental health problems.

Health care specialists all over the world are entirely preoccupied with the growing distance between people's health and their socio-economic level. In 1997 established International Poverty and Health Organization suggests to struggle against the problem by various means and one of them encompasses the possibility to include information how socio-economical differences affect people's health into health care specialists training curricula. In many other countries respective studies are being carried out or are already done. Goal of the work: to detect the link between poverty and mental health problems. Methodology: The survey was done using the questionnaire created especially for this study and it was composed of 3 parts: demographic data, indicators of socio-economical status, mental health data. 1231 person were randomly selected and interviewed. Results: Correlation between incomes and mental health problems is established as follow: the strongest positive correlation (rs= 0,321) is between incomes and moods and the strongest negative correlation (rs = -0,368) is between incomes and how often people is in the state of sad and blue. It is established that there is a statistically reliable difference between answers to the questions about state of mental health of people who are in all poverty risk groups and who are not. It is also established that those who can not satisfy their minimal needs more often mark answers showing worse state of mental health

Self-evaluations of adolescents with learning disability: does bullying matter?

Bullying at school is an acute and psychologically painful experience; it is even more problematic for children and adolescents with learning disabilities. The main goal of this study was to examine adolescents' self-evaluations as related to experiences of bullying at school in adolescents with and without learning disabilities (LD). 188 adolescents from 6-7th grades took part in the study. Ninety five of them had learning disability diagnosis, ninety three of them were typical achievers. Methods: Self-perception Profile for Children, YSR questions on competence and occupation; and questions on experience of bullying. The study revealed both groups had similar experience of being bullied, however adolescents with LD bullied less and had lower self-evaluations in comparison to those without LD. LD group is more vulnerable in self-evaluation aspects in relation to bullying experience

Vaikų ir jaunimo psichikos sveikata. Smurtas, prievarta šeimoje. Savižudybių prevencija

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Adverse childhood experiences and associations with health-harming behaviours in young adults: surveys in eight eastern European countries

Objective To evaluate the association between adverse childhood experiences � e.g. abuse, neglect, domestic violence and parental separation, substance use, mental illness or incarceration � and the health of young adults in eight eastern European countries. Methods Between 2010 and 2013, adverse childhood experience surveys were undertaken in Albania, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Romania, the Russian Federation, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey. There were 10 696 respondents � 59.7% female � aged 18�25 years. Multivariate modelling was used to investigate the relationships between adverse childhood experiences and healthharming behaviours in early adulthood including substance use, physical inactivity and attempted suicide. Findings Over half of the respondents reported at least one adverse childhood experience. Having one adverse childhood experience increased the probability of having other adverse childhood experiences. The number of adverse childhood experiences was positively correlated with subsequent reports of health-harming behaviours. Compared with those who reported no adverse experiences, respondents who reported at least four adverse childhood experiences were at significantly increased risk of many health-harming behaviours, with odds ratios varying from 1.68 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.32�2.15) � for physical inactivity � to 48.53 (95% CI: 31.98�76.65) � for attempted suicide. Modelling indicated that prevention of adverse childhood experiences would substantially reduce the occurrence of many healthharming behaviours within the study population. Conclusion Our results indicate that individuals who do not develop health-harming behaviours are more likely to have experienced safe, nurturing childhoods. Evidence-based programmes to improve parenting and support child development need large-scale deployment in eastern Europea

Adverse childhood experiences and associations with health-harming behaviours in young adults: surveys in eight eastern European countries

Objective To evaluate the association between adverse childhood experiences – e.g. abuse, neglect, domestic violence and parental separation, substance use, mental illness or incarceration – and the health of young adults in eight eastern European countries. Methods Between 2010 and 2013, adverse childhood experience surveys were undertaken in Albania, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Romania, the Russian Federation, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey. There were 10 696 respondents – 59.7% female – aged 18–25 years. Multivariate modelling was used to investigate the relationships between adverse childhood experiences and health-harming behaviours in early adulthood including substance use, physical inactivity and attempted suicide. Findings Over half of the respondents reported at least one adverse childhood experience. Having one adverse childhood experience increased the probability of having other adverse childhood experiences. The number of adverse childhood experiences was positively correlated with subsequent reports of health-harming behaviours. Compared with those who reported no adverse experiences, respondents who reported at least four adverse childhood experiences were at significantly increased risk of many health-harming behaviours, with odds ratios varying from 1.68 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.32–2.15) – for physical inactivity – to 48.53 (95% CI: 31.98–76.65) – for attempted suicide. Modelling indicated that prevention of adverse childhood experiences would substantially reduce the occurrence of many health-harming behaviours within the study population. Conclusion Our results indicate that individuals who do not develop health-harming behaviours are more likely to have experienced safe, nurturing childhoods. Evidence-based programmes to improve parenting and support child development need large-scale deployment in eastern European