Religious Foundations of Citizenship

آن نظام سیاسی که خود را متعلق به مردم می‌داند، تنها مشتری آرای آنان نیست، بلکه اداره و خواست شهروندانش را مورد توجه قرار می‌دهد. امروزه و به عنوان امری نوظهور، حقوقی نظیر آزادی بیان، آزادی مطبوعات، لزوم مشارکت در امور سرنوشت‌ساز و موارد دیگر، حقوق شهروندی نامیده می‌شوند که رعایت آن‌ها منجر به توزیع عادلانه قدرت، ثروت و حتی اطلاعات می‌شود. این حقوق رابطه افرادی را که در یک محدوده جغرافیایی زندگی می‌کنند، با حاکمیت مشخص می‌کنند و از مشخصات بارز جوامع دموکراتیک محسوب می‌شود. با این حال، بسیاری از حکومت‌ها در اعطای کامل این حقوق به شهروندان مقاومت می‌کنند. با توجه به دموکراتیک‌بودن نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران، بررسی مشروعیت حقوق شهروندی در اسلام ضرورت پیدا می‌کند. تحقیق در مبانی و ادله فقهی، نشان می‌دهد با استناد به دلیل عقل در امور امضایی و اصل اباحه در اموری که ممنوعیت صریح شرعی ندارند و با توجه به ضرورت پرهیز از قاعده سد ذرایع، مبانی مشروعیت حقوق شهروندی فراهم می‌شود. این تحقیق به روش نظری (توصیفی ـ تحلیلی) تنظیم شده است.The political system, which assumes itself belonging to people, not only buys its citizens’ votes, but also marks their volition and will. Today, such emerging rights as freedom of expression, freedom of the press, the necessity to participate in crucial matters, etc. are called citizenship rights, the observance of which will result in the fair distribution of power, wealth and even information. Being the salient characteristic of democratic societies, these rights demarcate the relations between individuals living in a geographical limit and the sovereignty, though majority of regimes strive against granting them to their citizens. Given the democratic nature of the Islamic Republic of Iran, examining the legitimacy of citizenship rights is of vital necessity. Research into jurisprudential basics and arguments indicates the legitimate foundation of citizenship rights referring to the reason of intellect in affirmative verdicts and the principle of obscenity in affairs with explicit canonical prohibition together with the necessity of avoiding the rule of closing the corruptive. The present study was conducted based on a descriptive-analytic method.   Please cite this article as: Poursaeid R, Toutounchian M. Religious Foundations of Citizenship. Bioethics Journal, Special Issue on Bioethics and Citizenship Rights 2020; 39-49

Effect of dietary estradiol-17β on growth performance, body composition and blood indices in Stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus

This study was investigated the effects of dietary estradiol-17β (E2) on growth, body composition and blood indices in Acipenser stellatus. Fish (40.9 ± 1.1 g average initial weight; n = 60 per group) were fed with three different diets containing 0 (control), 25 and 50 mg kg-1 dietary estradiol contents to apparent satiation for seven months. The results suggested that growth rate were decreased as the E2 level was increased. No significant difference was observed in condition factor among dietary treatments. The highest survival rate was observed in fish fed control diet, but was not significantly different among the treatments (P>0.05). Body composition did not show significant changes among dietary treatments. Number of white blood cells and red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit values were significantly decreased as the E2 levels were raised (P<0.05). Plasma biochemical parameters including glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus levels were dose dependent with the lowest levels in control with the highest levels in fish treated with 50 mg E2. The results of the present study revealed growth suppression of dietary E2 and changes of blood indices with providing some basic information on the effect of estrogen hormone on physiology of sturgeon

Investigating the relationship between management information system and empowering employees: A Case Study of employees in Agriculture Bank

Empowering employees is one of the effective techniques to increase employees’ efficiency and optimal use of their personal and collective abilities in line with organization goals. In this way, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between management information system and empowering employees in Agricultural Bank. The statistical population of this study includes all the employees of Agricultural bank branches in East-Azerbaijan province, who are 235. Using Kukran formula sample size was 146.  This research is applied study regarding purpose and is descriptive - survey study concerning data collection method. To gather data, the researcher-made Empowerment questionnaire (Vattern and Cameroon) and management information system questionnaire were used. To analyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were used. Results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between management information system and empowerment dimensions

Investigating the relationship between management information system and empowering employees: A Case Study of employees in Agriculture Bank

Empowering employees is one of the effective techniques to increase employees’ efficiency and optimal use of their personal and collective abilities in line with organization goals. In this way, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between management information system and empowering employees in Agricultural Bank. The statistical population of this study includes all the employees of Agricultural bank branches in East-Azerbaijan province, who are 235. Using Kukran formula sample size was 146.  This research is applied study regarding purpose and is descriptive - survey study concerning data collection method. To gather data, the researcher-made Empowerment questionnaire (Vattern and Cameroon) and management information system questionnaire were used. To analyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were used. Results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between management information system and empowerment dimensions

The Efficacy of Cupping Therapy Added to Electroacupuncture and Exercise Therapy on Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: Electroacupuncture and exercise therapy have been used to treat knee osteoarthritis, but evidence for adding cupping to this treatment is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of cupping and acupuncture combined with exercise on knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: This randomized control trial was done on 56 patients with knee osteoarthritis. We had two groups: a control and an intervention group. Both groups received electroacupuncture and exercise therapy programs. The intervention group received cupping after electroacupuncture plus exercise therapy. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC) questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measured patient outcomes before and after treatment. Results: All patients' VAS and WOMAC scores decreased in these two groups after treatment. The difference between VAS and WOMAC scores and pain and knee function was significant compared to the intervention group with the control group (p&lt;0.05). The difference in knee stiffness was not significant comparing the intervention group with the control group (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Adding cupping therapy following electroacupuncture and exercise therapy significantly decreased pain and improved function

The effect of optical spectroscopy on incubation disorders of Iranian Acipenser persicus

Without abstract

Determination of Effect of Oral Vitamin D to Improve Ventilatory Threshold in Healthy Young Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency

Background: Many studies have shown a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in different communities. Due to multiple roles of vitamin D in the body, this study was aimed to determine the effect of oral vitamin D3 on ventilatory threshold-1 in a condition of vitamin D deficiency.Materials and Methods: Recent study performed on 25 healthy young adults with the serum levels of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D3 lower than 20 ng/ml, had referred to the sports medicine clinic of Taleghani Hospital of Tehran, in a one-year period (2016-2017). After primary evaluation, baseline ventilatory threshold-1 were determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Then persons were treated with 50,000 IU/week of oral vitamin D3 for 8 weeks, and one week after the completion of treatment, ventilator threshold-1 was measured again, similar to the beginning conditions of the study, and its changes were studied.Results: The mean baseline ventilatory threshold-1 of participants before any intervention was 22.46 ± 6.45 (ml/kg/min), and after 8 weeks of treatment by 50000 IU/week of oral vitamin D3, increased to 26.79 ± 5.33 (ml/kg/min) at the end of study, which there was a statistically significant increase in ventilatory threshold-1 (p&lt;0.001).Conclusion: Recent study showed that proper treatment of the vitamin D deficiency, improves ventilatory threshold-1 in healthy young adults

Determination of Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma Injection on Improving Pain and Function in Young Healthy Athletes with Isolated Grade 2 or 3 Knee Medial Collateral Ligament Sprains

Background: Knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) sprain is common in athletes, which keeps them away from trainings. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is used as an adjunct for treatment of musculoskeletal injuries. This study was supposed to define effect of PRP injection on high-grade MCL sprain healing, in comparison to rehabilitation alone.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 46 healthy athletes with high-grade MCL sprains who came to sports medicine clinic of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran over a one-year period (2017-2018). In first visit injury grade, its location, baseline pain, Lysholm score and joint stability was determined. Participants randomly allocated to 2 groups (n=23), “group A” had 12-week functional rehabilitation and “group B” had the same rehabilitation plus a single PRP injection. At 4-week intervals valgus stress testing, pain and Lysholm scores was reassessed. The scores of 4th, 8th and 12th weeks was compared to the baseline scores.Results: Mean baseline pain score in control and intervention group was 5.09±0.949 and 5.26±0.810 respectively that in the fourth week of study reduced to 1.30±0.765 and 2.43±0.507 (p&lt;0.001). In intervention group, fourth week pain was significantly reduced while stability and Lysholm scores of the groups had no significant difference.Conclusion: PRP injection had a short-term statistically significant pain reduction effect that may assist in faster rehabilitation progress, shorter return to play and less detraining which is crucial to professional athletes

Evaluation of mandibular premolars root canal morphology by cone beam computed tomography

Introduction: To achieve a successful endodontic treatment, the clinician has to identify the different canal configurations.mandibular premolars have the wide variety of root canal morphology and they are known as the most difficult teeth to treat in endodontics.CBCT provides a non-invasive 3D confirmatory diagnosis as a complement to conventional radiography.The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology inmandibular premolars using CBCT technology. Materials & Methods: A total of 114 cone-beam computed tomographic images including 228 mandibular first premolars and 228 mandibular second premolars with fully developed roots, were investigated.The CBCT images were collected from private oral and maxillofacial radiology centers in Isfahan, were examined in axial section and the information of each tooth was recorded by three examiners. Then, the data were analyzed by computer analysis such as; t-test, McNamara, chi-square test. Results: Of the first premolars 89.56% had a single canal and 10.09% had two canals and 0.44% was C shaped. Of the second premolars 97.37% had one canal and 2.19% had two canals. None of mandibular premolars had three canals and just one C-shaped canal was observed (0.44 %). There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of the diversity of canals and gender. Conclusion: In this study, most of the mandibular premolars had single canal and first mandibular premolars were five times more likely to have two canals than second premolars